Antalya , April 2014

Meteorological assistance to the rural Community

in Mali

Mr. D Z Diarra, Chef du Service Agrométéorologie,Agence Nationale de la Mmétéorologie

(MALI METEO), Bamako, Mali

Agence Nationale de la Météorologie (MALI METEO)

PLAN Introduction

Priorities of rural producers

Hitory

Weather assistance to rural world

Other carried out action

Some results

Some Constraints

Perspectives

Conclusion

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONMali: Sahelian country – 14,5 Millions people (census of 1st at April 14, 2009)

Economy:

Largely dominated by Agriculture: 40% of the P.I.B

Nearly 70% of the population live in rural environment including 80% directly or indirectly of rain fed agriculture

Agricultural production subjected to the annual and interannual variability of rainfall like to its space-time distribution.

Rainfall mode:

Great dryness of 1972 and successive drynesses

Reduction of the average annual rainfall of more than 20% over the successive periods 1951 – 1970 and 1971 -2000.

PRIORITIES OF RURAL PRODUCERS

• When will the rainy season begin in different localities?

• What quantity of rain will fall throughout the rainy season?

• How long will the season last?

• Can we predict the weather and the climate for each zone of the country (e.g. on the sub-national or village scale)?

HISTORY

To face the challenge of drynesses the authorities of the touched countries shared their efforts within the framework of the strategies of parade by the creation of the CILSS with its Specialized agencies (CRA, INSAH). On the level of the countries there was a reinforcement of capacities of the weatherand hydrological services (equipment, formation).

The concretization of this political good-will resulted in the setting into?uvre pilot project of agrometeorologic assistance in Mali in 1982 to attenuate the impacts of the drynesses. This project was carried out in 4 phases of which: experimental phase; phase of evaluation; phase of popularization; and phase of extension

The phases of evaluation and popularization were almost simultaneous because of the very keen demand of recipients to extend the project. This extension occurred since 1987 and nowadays five areas out of eight profit from the direct agrometeorologic assistance in the rural world.

HISTORY (continued)

BODIES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OFThe WEATHER ASSISTANCE

The weather assistance requires several disciplines and sectors for its execution. Thus the Multi-field Working group (GTPA) was set up for the development and the diffusion of information in particular the opinions and councils which are used on the one hand for the authorities within the framework of Early Warning to face the consequences of the possible food crises and with the producers for the planning and the conduit of their work on the other hand. The GTPA is composed by the representatives of the engineering departments, the civil company and the press.

Thereafter, creation from 2001 of Local Groups of Weather Assistance (GLAM) to Ségou, Koutiala, Sikasso, Kita and Dioïla with the image of the GTPA to meet the needs for councils of proximity claimed by the producers. The membership of these groups is completely voluntary.

Atelier de sensibilsation sur les changements climatiques

ROLE DES ACTEURS DANS LA PRODUCTION ROLE DES ACTEURS DANS LA PRODUCTION ET LA DIFFUSION DE LET LA DIFFUSION DE L’’INFORMATION INFORMATION

AGROMAGROMÉÉTTÉÉOROLOGIQUEOROLOGIQUECollecte de données

(Producteur rural)

Collecte et rassemblementSDR

Concentration des données

De structure ODR

Concentration Nationale / Traitement et analyse

Elaboration du Bulletin Provisoire

DNM

Réunion du GTPAElaboration du bulletin

Agro-Hydro-Météorologique décadaire

Diffusion des informations

ORTM Radio de proximité Courrier

ISSUANCE OF A TEN – DAY AGROHYDROMET BULLETINS

EARLY WARNING COMPONENT

- RAINFALL SPATIAL AND TIME DISTRIBUTION OVER THE COUNTRY

- HYDROLOGICAL INFO FOR MAIN WATERWAYS IN THE COUNTRY

- CROPS PESTS AND DISEASES- PASTURES- LIVESTOCK- MET, AGROMET AND HYDRO OUTLOOKS

AGROMET ADVICE COMPONENT

- APPROPRIATE TIME FOR AGRI-CULTURAL PRACTICES (PLANTING, WEEDING, APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERSINSECTICIDES, PESTICIDES….)(COMPLETED BY DAILY WEATHER FORECASTS,12 HRS-3 DAYS)

- NATIONAL RADIO AND TV BROADCAST- WRITTEN PRESS, LOCAL RADIOS

- NATIONAL RADIO AND TVBROADCAST

-LOCAL RADIOS- OBSERVERS/EXTENSION PEOPLE

DISSEMINATION TO DECISION MAKERSDISSEMINATION TO FARMERS

PARTENERSHIP

DNM make the products in a partnership with services within :

the rural Development structures;

the research institutes and Centres ;

the farmers’ Permanente Council;

the media (écrite et parlée);

les NGOs;

the Development Partners.

CARRIED OUT ACTIONS

Development and diffusion of information and products on weather; Transfer of competence by the training of the actors at all the levels; Implications of these actors in the process of design and implementation of the assistance; Equipment of the various actors; Adaptation of the weather products to the user's needs; Cloud seeding Program; Devolution of the system by the creation of GLAM.

MAIN ACTIVITIES

Capacity bulding for all the actors (farmers, technical agents) in the domain of collection, transmission and treatment of data;

Sensibilisation and training for peasants observators and vulgarisators on rainfall collection technics and phenological observations;

Preparation of formats for data collection and their transmission and définition systems;

Collection and treatment of data (meteorological and agronomic in order to elaborate sowing Calendar;

Production et vulgarisation of rain gages;

meteorological information and occasion to note some indigenous knowledge in the visited regions.That permit to best estimate the main concern from them expressed in questions among that we can note some as:• when the rainy season will start?• What can be its duration and termination?• will appear dry spells within the season?• can the met service forecast the season three months ahead or more?• can met service forecast for each location?• can be agromet information broadcast in our local language and frequently?

IDENTIFICATION OF RURAL POPUALTION NEEDS AND KNOWLEDGE ON WEATHER, CLIMATE

Droght of the early seveties in Sahel region affected seriously countries. A lot of damges were caused to agriculture, livestock and even human beings.To assist the rural world to face the challenge, the met service undertook

meteorological assistance The exchange with the population is a mean to collect their needs in term of

After identifying the population’s needs during sensibilization, training sessions are undertake on:

measure of rainfall data;

observations on crops growing steps, heath and disasters.

The observer farmer and agricultural extending technicians take apart to these trainig sessions.

Otherwise, special sessions are doen with communicators and elected people standing in the National Assemblee.

THE SENSIBILIZATION / TRAINING

Bague réceptrice

Seau

Support(Pied)

0,50 m

1,50 m

Exposed themes during the training of extension workers la description et l’installation du pluviomètre; la mesure des pluies tombées dans le pluviomètre; la transcription des hauteurs de pluies mesurées sur le fiche de collecte;

comment faire les observations sur les cultures dans un champ; comment évaluer les phase de développement des plantes, les mauvaises herbes et les dommages dans le champ; comment faire les carrés de rendement et la détermination des rendements.

le choix des parcelles d’observations et poquets et plants à observer;

Kalo tile

Wulafq waati 18 nan

Kalo tile Sùgùma waati 8 nan

Hakqw kafolen

Ko kùlùsilenw I n’a fù fiven, sanpqrqn, kaaba yqgqru, sanbqlqni, u daminq tuman ni u ban tuma ; u ye tivqnni minnu kq

01 0202 0303 0404 0505 0606 0707 0808 0909 1010 1111 1212 1313 1414 1515 1616 1717 1818 1919 2020 2121 2222 2323 2424 2525 2626 2727 2828 2929 3030 3131 01

Hakqw kafolen

SANJI SQBQNJAMANA : ………….. MARA : …………. KAFO : ………………KOMUNI : ………………. ………… DUGU : ………………

……………………………KALO SAN 201...K%L%SILIKELA T%G% N’A JAMU : …………………………………………

Kalo kùnù sanji nalen hakq: mm …………… O sanji nadon hakq: tile: ……Kalo kùnù sanji nalen cayalenba haks: mm ……….. O sanji cayalenba na don: Kalo tile: mm …..K’a ta zanwier kalo tile fùlù la fù ni kalo tile 30 (31) sanji nalen hakq: mm ……K’a ta zanwier kalo tile fùlù la fù ni kalo tile 30 (31) sanji nalen don hakq : tile ……

Kalo tile

Wulafq waati 18 nan

Kalo tile

Sùgùma waati 8 nan

Hakqw kafolen

Ko kùlùsilenw I n’a fùfiven, sanpqrqn, sanbqlqni, u daminq tuman ni u ban tuma

Hakqw kafolen

Tile tan sanji nalen hakqK’a ta ………………..…… kalo tile ..……. Fù a tile ………………. San 201…

Kunafoni wqrqw k’a vqsin forow cogoya ma: …………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………

Sumansiw Kùlùsili kqdon

Dakun Sumanju 100 la hakq min bq dakunna

Baara kqlen n’u kqdon

Sumanw ccogoya

Binjuguw hakq

Sumanw kqnqya cogoBanaw Tixqni

fqnw

Kalo tile tan : ……………….Sumanw kùlùsili sqbqn

Jamana: …………….. Kubeda: …………….Dugu: …………………..Kùlùsilikqla tùgù n’a jamu: ……………………………………………

TEMOINTEST

Sumansiw Kùlùsili kqdon

Dakun Sumanju 100 la hakq min bq dakunna

Baara kqlen n’u kqdon

Sumanw ccogoya

Binjuguw hakq

Sumanw kqnqya cogoBanaw Tixqni

fqnw

Kalo tile tan : ……………….Sumanw kùlùsili sqbqn

Jamana: …………….. Kubeda: …………….Dugu: …………………..Kùlùsilikqla tùgù n’a jamu: ……………………………………………

Journée Mondiale de l'Alimentation 2008

Techniques d’intervention:Techniques dTechniques d’’intervention:intervention:

Voie Terrestre (générateurs au sol);

Produits d’ensemencement pour vecteurs terrestres (générateurs) : iodure d’argent ; iodure de sodium ; acétone ; propane ;

Voie Terrestre Voie Terrestre (g(géénnéérateurs au sol);rateurs au sol);

Produits dProduits d’’ensemencement pour vecteurs terrestres ensemencement pour vecteurs terrestres (g(géénnéérateurs)rateurs) : iodure d: iodure d’’argentargent ; iodure de sodium; iodure de sodium ; ac; acéétonetone ; ; propanepropane ;;

Voie aérienne :

- Avion Laboratoire

(King-Air);• Produits d’ensemencement pour vecteurs aériens

(cartouches pyrotechniques et brûleurs hygroscopiques)

Voie aVoie aéérienne :rienne :

-- Avion Laboratoire Avion Laboratoire

((KingKing--Air)Air);;•• Produits dProduits d’’ensemencement pour vecteurs aensemencement pour vecteurs aéériens riens

(cartouches pyrotechniques et br(cartouches pyrotechniques et brûûleurs hygroscopiques)leurs hygroscopiques)

PROGRAMME DE PLUIE PROVOQUEEPROGRAMME DE PLUIE PROVOQUEE

CLIMATE SERVICES PROVIDED TO USERS

• The beginning, duration, and end of the rainy season on average.• Guides for planting calendar based on rainfall measured by farmers in field.• Simple rain gauges for collecting rainfall data in the field.• Agro-hydro-meteorological bulletins on 10-day and monthly cycles, in local languages and through varied media.• Communication with the Council of Ministers about rainfall conditions and its likely evolution in Mali.

EXAMPLE OF PLANTING DATE GUIDE

CROP = SORGHUM LOCATION :KOLOKANI

CROP CYCLE LENGTH : 120 DAYS

DO NOT PLANT BEFORE 1 JUNE

BETWEEN 1 AND 10 JUNE IF THERE IS A CUMULATIVE 10 - DAY RAINFALL OF 40 MM;

BETWEEN 11 AND 20 JUNE IF THERE IS A CUMULATIVE 10 - DAY RAINFALL OF 20 MM;

BETWEEN 21 AND 30 JUNE IF THERE IS A CUMULATIVE 10 - DAY RAINFALL OF 10 MM

BETWEEN 1 AND 10 JULY EVEN IF DRY, BUT PREFERABLY AFTER RAIN;

PLANT

AFTER THIS PERIOD, IT IS RECOMMANDED TO PLANT A VARIETY WITH A SHORTER CYCLE

For the Agromet advasce component we prepared in local languages pratical planting date guides that can be directly used by farmers.In this regard farmers are trained to carry out rainfall measurements and phenological observations by using brochures edited in their local language.A special raingauge that farmers can afford is manufactured in Mali to facilitate the use of this guide.

Groupe de Travail Pluridisciplinaire D’ASSISTANCE

METEOROLOGIQUE

Décade du 1er au 10 septembre 2009

Sommaire:

I. Situations météorologique et hydrologiqueII. État des cultures et Situation phytosanitaireIII. Pâturages, points d’eau et mouvement des animauxIV. État de la végétationV. Situation zoo sanitaireVI. Perspectives VII. Avis et Conseils

Nara Hombori

Niono

Bamako

Téssalit

Kidal

TombouctouGao

MénakaNioro

MoptiKayes

Ségou SanKitaKéniéba

Koutiala

Bougouni Sikasso

Mahina

Pluviométrie cumulée au 06 septembre 2008

Nara Hombori

Niono

Bamako

Tessalit

Kidal

TombouctouGao

MénakaNioro

MoptiKayes

Ségou SanKitaKéniéba

Koutiala

Bougouni Sikasso

MahinaKoro

DiréNara Hombori

Niono

Bamako

Téssalit

Kidal

TombouctouGao

MénakaNioro

MoptiKayes

Ségou SanKitaKéniébaKoutiala

Bougouni Sikasso

MahinaNara Hombori

Niono

Bamako

Téssalit

Kidal

TombouctouGao

MénakaNioro

MoptiKayes

Ségou SanKitaKéniéba

Koutiala

Bougouni Sikasso

Mahina

Nara Hombori

Niono

Bamako

Tessalit

Kidal

TombouctouGao

MénakaNioro

MoptiKayes

Ségou SanKitaKéniébaKoutiala

Bougouni Sikasso

MahinaKoro

Diré

Nara Hombori

Niono

Bamako

Tessalit

Kidal

TombouctouGao

MénakaNioro

MoptiKayes

Ségou SanKitaKéniébaKoutiala

Bougouni Sikasso

MahinaKoro

Diré

Nara Hombori

Niono

Bamako

Téssalit

Kidal

TombouctouGao

MénakaNioro

MoptiKayes

Ségou SanKitaKéniébaKoutiala

Bougouni Sikasso

Mahina

31 Mai                                30 Juin                    31 Juillet 

31 Août                            30 Septembre                31 Octobre

DETECTION OF RISK ZONES OF DROUGTH

MOIS D’OCTOBRE

Pluies de la troisième décade d’octobre déficitaires dans l’ensemble excepté les localités de Ouélessébougou, Sikasso, Bougouni, Yanfolila, Koutiala et San;

Cumul des pluies recueillies du 1er mai au 31 octobre 2011 normal àexcédentaire excepté le Nord Ouest de la région de Kayes, l’Est de celle de Ségou, le Sud-Est de celle de Mopti où il est déficitaire.;

Cumul reste inférieur à celui de l’année dernière de façon générale.

Pluviométrie décadaire par rapport à la normale

Pluviométrie cumulée par rapport à la normale

Pluviométrie cumulée par rapport à celle de 2010

Nara Hombori

Niono

Bamako

Tessalit

Kidal

TombouctouGao

MénakaNioro

MoptiKayes

Ségou SanKitaKéniébaKoutiala

Bougouni Sikasso

MahinaKoro

Diré

Nara Hombori

Niono

Bamako

Tessalit

Kidal

TombouctouGao

MénakaNioro

MoptiKayes

Ségou SanKitaKéniéba

Koutiala

Bougouni Sikasso

MahinaKoro

Diré Nara Hombori

Niono

Bamako

Tessalit

Kidal

TombouctouGao

MénakaNioro

MoptiKayes

Ségou SanKitaKéniébaKoutiala

Bougouni Sikasso

MahinaKoro

Diré

PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS

METAGRI Project;

ANADIA Project;

IWMI Project;

CCAFS Project;

CIWARA Project.

METAGRI Project - Roving Seminars on Weather, Climate and Agriculture for Farmers in West Africa

GOAL: The aim of the METAGRI is “to bring the peasants to better using information on weather and climate for an effective management of the risks related these phenomena and a rational use of the natural resources within the framework of the agricultural production”.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: to gather the peasants in a given sector; to inform and sensitize the peasants on the effects of time, the climate and the climate changes on the breding activities; to form a core of the peasants chosen among the people taking part in the seminar on the data-gathering; to provide pluviometers to the trained peasants.fournir des pluviomètres aux paysans formés.

3030

Phase I: 8-10 roving seminars were organized in Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal from Sep 2008 to Jan 2009

Phase II: 10 roving seminars in Benin, Cape Verde, Gambia, Guineé, Guineé-Bissau, and Togo from July to Sept 2009 & 3 additional seminars in Phase I countries

Phase III: Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone in 2011 – Additional seminars in Phase I and II countries

Evaluation and Communications Semminar 26 – 30 Sept 2011 in Bamako.

METAGRI OPS 2012

Huit (8) roving seminars for each country;

METAGRI OPS 2013

For (4) roving seminars by country;

3232

2008 Seminar – Farmers ask Questions

ANADIA PROJET

OBJECTIVES:

to characterize the evolution and the impact of the dryness by the analysis of the last episodes (frequency, intensity, duration and extension);

to evaluate the precision and the reliability of the systems of follow-up and forecast of the dryness.

Activities:

Climatic study and of the impacts of the dryness for the Area of Ségou and the ten villages test; Development of the component “dryness” of the Village Plans of Reduction of Risk (PVRR) of the ten villages test; Training of the observant peasants in the 10 villages test; Translation will bamanankan of them PVRR of the 10 villages test; Sensitizing PVRR by the Work groups Multi-field/Groups Room d' Weather assistance (GTP/GLAM); Participation in the organization of training PVRR to evaluate the precision and the reliability of the systems of follow-up and forecast of the dryness.

PROJET CCAFS

Workshops that held in Bamako and Cinzana in to june on the communication of the results of the seasonal forecasts; missions to follow the use of the application of the seasonal forecasts by the farmers; identification of the climate risks in the concerned locations; colection and analysis of rainfall data from the project villages.

PARTENERSHIP

MEMBERS OF GTPA

DNM make the products in a partnership with services within :

the rural Development structures;

the research institutes and Centres ;

the farmers’ Permanente Council;

the media (écrite et parlée);

the NGOs;

the Development Partners.

SOME RESULTSSOME RESULTS--CONTRIBUTION TO FOOD SECURITY AND ADAPTATION TO C.CCONTRIBUTION TO FOOD SECURITY AND ADAPTATION TO C.C

●● Reduction of the percentage of replanting Reduction of the percentage of replanting ((40% 40% TO TO 5%5%) ;) ;

●● Increase of crop yield Increase of crop yield ≥≥ 20% ;20% ;●● In 1998 the use of met and agromet information prevented the In 1998 the use of met and agromet information prevented the agricultural season from total failure ;agricultural season from total failure ;●● In January 2002 Forecast of In January 2002 Forecast of «« OUT OF SEASONOUT OF SEASON »» rain allowed the rain allowed the National Cotton Company (CMDT) to save MILLIONS OF US $ ;National Cotton Company (CMDT) to save MILLIONS OF US $ ;

●● National MET SERVICE is a member of the National Council for National MET SERVICE is a member of the National Council for Agricultural Advice;Agricultural Advice;●● Strengthning of adaptive capavity to cope with Climate Change ;Strengthning of adaptive capavity to cope with Climate Change ;●● Building of awareness on Climate issues ;Building of awareness on Climate issues ;●● Transfert of technologies to rural people ;Transfert of technologies to rural people ;●● Promotion of integration of Climate variability and Climate ChaPromotion of integration of Climate variability and Climate Change nge to development process.to development process.

SOME CONSTRAINTS

lack of human and financial ressources;Limitation in estimated sowing calendar of the crops: only 5 crops are concerned; Limited nomber of GLAM, insufficiency of equipment and training of its members; Technological limitation as regards local weather and climate forecasting; Lack of especially logistical means for the activities of the follow-up; No coverage of the areas of the North regions ; No satisfaction of some needs for the rural world especially in information of proximity.

PERSPECTIVES

Follow the sensibilization and training actions in order to adapt the transferred tools;

Continuation of roving seminars;

Continuation of the equipment, the reinforcement and the modernization of the means of collection, transmission, treatment and dissemination;

Bring a support to the GLAM in order to bring closer the rural producers more;

Continuation of the improvement of the especially localized seasonal forecasts;

PERSPECTIVES (continued) Following the provide of agrometeorological products and information to the end users and stack holders;

Evaluation of the impacts of the agrometeorological assistance to the rural communities (Government of Mali);

provide Generalisation of the information system to the country with the capability building (PAPAM/ASAP Project);

prepare a system of assistance by the use of mobile phone with the creation of call center (MALI METEO , CRA and Mobile Phone Companies)

reinforce the agrometeorological assistance system in some rural Communes of Mopti region for 18 months (in collaboration with ICRISAT and USAID);

41

CONCLUSION

The weather assistance became a powerful tool for economic and social development which allowed inter alia:

the improvement of the weather services; the availability for the producers and the decision makers of tools of decision-making aid; the increase in the outputs and the quality of the productions; the limitation of the losses and risks; the reduction in the production costs; the reinforcement of capacity of the various actors; the safeguarding of the environment.

CONCLUSION (continued)

Integrate agrometeorological and climate services in the policies, plans and programs for sustainable development and the lightening of poverty. Also good coordinated of early warning actions must be undertake in order to reduce the risks of the catastrophes like the dryness.

Merci de votre aimable Merci de votre aimable attentionattention

Notre contact;

AGENCE NATIONALE DE LA METEOROLOGIE

BP : 237 Bamako MALITél. : 00 (223) 20 20 62 04Fax : 00 (223) 20 20 21 10dnm@afribone.net .ml