Metals are located to the left of stair-step line.

High density Mostly solid at room temperature. Hydrogen

is not considered a metal.

High melting point

Tungsten

Good conductors of heat and electricity

Shiny

Ductile (able to be drawn into wire)

Malleable (able to be hammered into sheets)

Lose electrons easily

Corrode

Nonmetals are located to the right of the stair-step line.

Dull Poor conductors of heat

and electricity Brittle (break easily) Low density Low melting point Some are solid, but many are

gases, and Bromine is a liquid.

Sulfur

Al is not a metalloid

Metalloids touch the stair-step line.

Solids Shiny or dull Ductile Malleable Conduct heat and

electricity better than nonmetals (semiconductors)

Silicon

Arsenic

How can you identify a metal? What are its properties? Can you identify the less common

nonmetals? What are their properties? And what the heck is a metalloid?

Series/periods – Rows (↔)

Groups/families – Columns (↕)

Group A - › Alkali metals

› Alkaline earth metals

› Halogens

› Noble Gases – Inert Gases

Transition Elements Transition metals are fairly

stable

Rare Earth Metals – Inner Transition Metals =› Actinide Series Lanthanide Series

Hydrogen has characteristics of metals and nonmetals

Elements greater than 92 are man-made and radioactive

Student made video(Turn down volume a

bit)

There are several important atomic characteristics that show predictable trends that you should know.

The first and most important is atomic radius.

Radius is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the “edge” of the electron cloud.

The trend for atomic radius in a vertical column is to go from smaller at the top to larger at the bottom of the family.

Why? With each step down the

family, we add an entirely new Principle Energy Level to the electron cloud, making the atoms larger with each step.

The trend across a horizontal period is less obvious.

What happens to atomic structure as we step from left to right?

Each step adds a proton and an electron (and 1 or 2 neutrons).

Electrons are added to existing Principle Energy Level or sublevels.

The effect is that the more positive nucleus has a greater pull on the electron cloud.

The nucleus is more positive and the electron cloud is more negative.

The increased attraction pulls the cloud in, making atoms smaller as we move from left to right across a period.

Trends of the Periodic Table Atomic Radius Ionization Energy Electronegativity metals/nonmetals reactivity

What household tool does this reaction drive?

Observe the chemical reaction that occurs when different metals are dipped in a solution of hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid dissolves some metals to form oxidized metal chlorides and hydrogen gas, the latter of which is visible in the animation as bubbles floating to the surface. Depending on their atomic structure and how readily they give up electrons when exposed to hydrogen ions in an acidic solution, certain metals, including zinc and magnesium, corrode more easily than others.