metalib workshop die deutsche bibliothek in the shadow of brunelleschi’s dome a lesson in metadata...
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3 Participation in the Initiative Community of over 1500 experts and practitioners from 1000 organizations in 50 countries 15 working and interest groups Libraries, (digital) libraries, education, museums, governments, supra-governmental organizations, environment, commerce, networking infrastructureTRANSCRIPT
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MetaLib WorkshopDie Deutsche Bibliothek
In the Shadow of Brunelleschi’s Dome
A lesson in metadata development
Stuart L. WeibelDirector, Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
Frankfurt, Germany October 21, 2002
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DC-2002Florence – October 13-17
• 215 participants from 25 countries• Conference papers, tutorial program, Working
group meetings• Corporate metadata track• Accessibility metadata track• Semantic Web Advanced Development track• DC-Government, Environment, Education, Library
working groups• Developments in Agent element qualifiers, Type
list additions
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Participation in the Initiative
• Community of over 1500 experts and practitioners from 1000 organizations in 50 countries
• 15 working and interest groups• Libraries, (digital) libraries, education,
museums, governments, supra-governmental organizations, environment, commerce, networking infrastructure
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dc:description• What is the value we are creating?
– Easier discovery– Better organization– Improved manageability– Greater liquidity of information
– A community of social capital investment
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Creation of Value in the Marketplace of Products
Value Creation Process
Management
Stockholders
Raw materials
Products and Services Customers
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Creation of Value in the Standards Marketplace
Derivative value created by adopters
in applications,
data, and services
Stakeholders
Value Creation Process
Management
IdeasSocial Capital
StakeholdersbecomeAdopters
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dc:identifier• What makes DCMI uniquely identifiable
(and valuable) as a metadata initiative?
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The I’s have it…• International
– 20 countries represented at DC-2002• Independant
– OAI, RDF Recombinant metadata, cross disciplinary consensus
• Open (Influenceable)– Governance and decision-making based on
open participation and public process
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dc:relation• What is the relationship of DC to the
larger resource description community, and to other metadata formats?
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The Resource Grid
high low
low
high
stewardship
BooksJournalsNewspapersGovernment docsAudiovisualMapsScores
Special collectionsRare booksLocal/Historical NewspapersLocal history materialsArchives & manuscriptsTheses & dissertations
Freely-accessible web resourcesOpen source softwareNewsgroup archives
Institutional repositories •ePrints•Learning objects/materials•Research data
high low
low
high
stewardship
uniq
uene
ss
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Metadata Standards in the Resource Grid
BooksJournals
Special collections
Freely-accessible web resources
high low
low
high
stewardship
uniq
uene
ss
MARC, DCONIX, MPEG
MARC, METS, EAD, DC, TEI
DC
DC, DDI, IEEE/LOM, FGDC, EAD, TEI, SCORM
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dc:format[s]• The DC community includes many
overlapping communities of practice
– HTML• Yes, people are still doing it
– XML• More structure, in well-defined packages that look
familiar to us– RDF
• Yes, people are still trying to figure it out • (and the SWAD group is here to help!)
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Pre-coordinated interoperability
• Pre-coordinated agreementsAgreed-upon semanticsAgreed-upon structureAgreed-upon syntax
• MARC/AACR2– Well established, rich metadata
• DC and XML-Schemas (ala OAI)– Cross disciplinary metadata language
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XML Schemas declare the particular element sets spoken by a given OAI Server
DC is the base interoperablity element set
Discipline-specific schemas are encouraged
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OAI interoperability derives from one (DC) or more common schemas per
server
OAI-1
OAI-3
OAI-2
OAI-4
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Recombinant Interoperability
• Agreed upon architectures for declaring semantics, with dynamically defined semantics– Semantic architecture
• DC core elements and qualifiers• Discipline-specific extensions (Application Profiles)
– Syntactic architecture• Resource Description Format (RDF)• RDF Schema declarations
– Property subclasses inherit attributes of parent classes– Interoperability granularity is at the element level rather than
the schema level
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How to do it
• RDF schemas declare elements as sub-properties of DC elements where applicable– Eg. AGLS:title is a sup-property of DC:title
• Define discipline-specific extensions as necessary• Cross-application indexing works for common
elements (element granularity rather than schema granularity)
• Organizations retain branding value of their respective namespaces while achieving global interoperability
• Registered Schemas will promote ability to identify and index related data sets
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Element Granularity Interoperability
DCFAO-AGMESDeclared as
Subproperties of DC
AGLSDeclared as
Subproperties of DC
All common properties searchable as DC elements
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dc:whither?
http://www.comune.firenze.it/servizi_pubblici/turismo/C05G.jpg
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Brunelleschi’s Dome as a metaphor for technology development
• Francesco Talenti’s 1366 design for Il Duomo called for a dome that surpassed the architectural limits of his day
• 50 years passed before the genius of Brunelleschi’s dome would be conceived and executed
• These people had Faith!– In themselves, and in the march of progress
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And our lessons…• Move forward with solutions as we can
conceive them…• Have confidence in our ability to surmount
the challenges…• Remember that the benefit in our efforts
is in the quiet, unobtrusive implementation of standards
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The Core, the Core, the Core
• The Dublin Core is the dominant standard for cross disciplinary resource discovery metadata on the Internet
• The semantics of the Core have not changed since DC-3
• Stable and useful since 1996• Standardized and widely accepted
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And More, and more, and more• More communities participating• More extensions to register• More government and supra-national adoption• More languages• More application profiles • More protocols to accommodate• More documentation needed to make it clearer and
easier to deploy• More connections to other standards
• This richness is evidence of success and a challenge to interoperability
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Many Challenges - Protocols are moving targets
• HTML XHTML• RDF and RDF
Schemas• XML• XML Schema
• OAI• OAI PMH• Open URLs• RSS• DAML/OIL
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More Standards• MARC and its many
variants• IEEE-LOM/IMS• SCORM• FGDC• EAD
• MPEG• TEI• XRML• ODRML• Ontologies• METS and MODS
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Standards creation as an act of faith