metadata standards and applications 2. descriptive metadata standards, bibliographic relationships...

METADATA STANDARDS AND METADATA STANDARDS AND APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

2. Descriptive Metadata Standards,2. Descriptive Metadata Standards,

Bibliographic Relationships and Metadata Bibliographic Relationships and Metadata ModelsModels

Metadata Standards & ApplicationsMetadata Standards & Applications 11

Objectives for Session 2Objectives for Session 2

Understand the categories of Understand the categories of descriptive metadata standardsdescriptive metadata standards

Learn about various descriptive Learn about various descriptive metadata standards and the metadata standards and the communities that developed and use communities that developed and use themthem

Learn about some relationship Learn about some relationship models used in descriptive metadata models used in descriptive metadata standardsstandards

22Metadata Standards & ApplicationsMetadata Standards & Applications

Descriptive MetadataDescriptive Metadata

Most standardized and well understood Most standardized and well understood type of metadatatype of metadata

Major focus of traditional library catalogMajor focus of traditional library catalog Increased number of descriptive Increased number of descriptive

metadata standards for different needs metadata standards for different needs and communitiesand communities

Importance for resource discoveryImportance for resource discovery May support various user tasksMay support various user tasks


Metadata StandardsMetadata Standards

Data structure standards (metadata Data structure standards (metadata schemas/formats: DC, MODS)schemas/formats: DC, MODS)– Set of semantic properties, in this context Set of semantic properties, in this context

used to describe resourceused to describe resource

Data exchange/syntax standards Data exchange/syntax standards (MARC 21 (ISO 2709), DC/XML, (MARC 21 (ISO 2709), DC/XML, DC/RDF)DC/RDF)– The structural wrapping around the The structural wrapping around the

semanticssemantics

– Essential for moving information aroundEssential for moving information around


Metadata Standards, cont.Metadata Standards, cont.

Data content standards (rules: Data content standards (rules: AACR2R/RDA, CCO)AACR2R/RDA, CCO)– Most metadata schemas not tied to Most metadata schemas not tied to

single content standardsingle content standard

Data value standards Data value standards (values/controlled vocabularies: (values/controlled vocabularies: LCNAF, LCSH, MeSH, AAT)LCNAF, LCSH, MeSH, AAT)

Relationship modelsRelationship models


Data Structure Standards: Data Structure Standards: Examples Examples

MARC 21 MARC 21 ((http://www.loc.gov/marc/))

Dublin Core Dublin Core ((http://dublincore.org) )

MODS MODS ((www.loc.gov/standards/mods/) )

IEEE-LOM IEEE-LOM ((http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/) )

ONIX ONIX ((http://www.editeur.org/onix.html))

EAD EAD ((http://www.loc.gov/ead/))


http://www.loc.gov/marc/

http://dublincore.org/

http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/

http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/

http://www.editeur.org/onix.html

http://www.loc.gov/ead/

Data Structure Standards: Data Structure Standards: Examples, cont.Examples, cont.

VRA Core VRA Core http://www.vraweb.org/projects/vracore4/))

PBCore PBCore ((http://www.pbcore.org/))

TEI TEI ((http://www.tei-c.org/index.xml))


http://www.vraweb.org/projects/vracore4/

http://www.pbcore.org/

http://www.tei-c.org/index.xml

What is MARC 21?What is MARC 21?

A syntax defined by an international A syntax defined by an international standard, developed in the late 60sstandard, developed in the late 60s

Two syntax expressions:Two syntax expressions:– Classic MARC (MARC 2709)Classic MARC (MARC 2709)– MARCXMLMARCXML

A data element set defined by A data element set defined by content designations and semanticscontent designations and semantics

Institutions do not store “MARC 21”, Institutions do not store “MARC 21”, as it is a communications formatas it is a communications format


Metadata Standards & Applications

02158cam 2200349Ia 4500001001300000003000600013005001700019006001900036006001900055007001500074008004100089040002000130020001500150043002100165049000900186245011900195246002500314260006500339538003000404506003800434536015300472520076400625505009401389500008601483600004901569650004001618651003901658651002301697700002601720856005001746994001201796ocm56835268 OCoLC20060118051017.0m d szx w s 0 2cr mn---------041028m20049999vau st 000 0 eng d aVA@cVA@dOCLCQ a0813922917 an-us---an-us-va aVA@@04aThe Dolley Madison digital editionh[electronic resource] :bletters 1788-June 1836 /cedited by Holly C. Shulman. 1iAlso known as:aDMDE aCharlottesville, Va. :bUniversity of Virginia Press,c2004- aMode of access: Internet. aSubscription required for access. aRotunda editions are made possible by generous grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the President's Office of the University of Virginia. aDolley Payne Madison was the most important First Lady of the nineteenth century. The DMDE will be the first-ever complete edition of all of her known correspondence, gathered in an XML-based archive. It will ultimately include close to 2,500 letters. From the scattered correspondence were gathered letters that have never been previously published. The range and scope of the collection makes this edition an important scholarly contribution to the literature of the early republic, women's history, and the institution of the First Lady. These letters present Dolley Madison's trials and triumphs and make it possible to gain admittance to her mind and her private emotions and to understand the importance of her role as the national capital's First Lady.0 aGeneral introduction -- Biographical introduction -- Introduction to the digital edition. aTitle from the opening screen; description based on the display of Oct. 21, 2004.10aMadison, Dolley,d1768-1849vCorrespondence. 0aPresidents' spouseszUnited States. 0aUnited StatesxHistoryy1801-1809. 0aVirginiaxHistory.1 aShulman, Holly Cowan.40uhttp://rotunda.upress.virginia.edu:8100/dmde/ aC0bVA@

9

MARC 21 ScopeMARC 21 Scope

Bibliographic DataBibliographic Data – books, serials, computer files, maps, music, visual books, serials, computer files, maps, music, visual

materials, mixed materialmaterials, mixed material Holdings DataHoldings Data– physical holdings, digital access, location, publication physical holdings, digital access, location, publication

historyhistory Authority DataAuthority Data– names, titles, name/title combinations, subjects, seriesnames, titles, name/title combinations, subjects, series Classification DataClassification Data– classification numbers, associated captions, classification numbers, associated captions,

hierarchieshierarchies

Community InformationCommunity Information – events, programs, services, people, organizationsevents, programs, services, people, organizations


MARC 21 StructureMARC 21 Structure

The structure of MARC records is an The structure of MARC records is an implementation of:implementation of:

– Information Interchange Format (ANSI Z39.2) and Information Interchange Format (ANSI Z39.2) and Format for Information Exchange (ISO 2709)Format for Information Exchange (ISO 2709)

– Content designation (codes and conventions) as Content designation (codes and conventions) as defined in the MARC 21 formatsdefined in the MARC 21 formats

The content of most data elements is defined by The content of most data elements is defined by standards outside the formats, for example standards outside the formats, for example AACR, LCSH, NLM ClassificationAACR, LCSH, NLM Classification

The content of other data elements (e.g., coded The content of other data elements (e.g., coded data), is defined in the MARC 21 formatsdata), is defined in the MARC 21 formats

““The MARC21 Formats: Background and Principles” The MARC21 Formats: Background and Principles”


MARC 21 in XML – MARCXMLMARC 21 in XML – MARCXML Established standard MARC 21 in an XML Established standard MARC 21 in an XML

structurestructure– Takes advantage of freely available XML toolsTakes advantage of freely available XML tools

Allows for interoperability with different Allows for interoperability with different XML metadata schemasXML metadata schemas

Provides continuity with current dataProvides continuity with current data– XML exact equivalent of MARC (2709) recordXML exact equivalent of MARC (2709) record– Lossless/roundtrip conversion to/from MARC 21 Lossless/roundtrip conversion to/from MARC 21

recordrecord– Presentation using XML stylesheetsPresentation using XML stylesheets

http://ww.loc.gov/standards/marcxml


http://ww.loc.gov/standards/marcxml

000 01166cam 2200385 a 450001 5054896005 20041014084104.0008 040213s2004 ilu b 001 0 eng010 __ |a 2004003428020 __ |a 0838908829035 __ |a NYJH04-B3414035 __ |a 5054896040 __ |a DLC |c DLC |d DLC050 00 |a Z666.5 |b .M48 2004082 00 |a 025.3 |2 22090 __ |a Z666.5 |b .M48 2004245 00 |a Metadata in practice / |c Diane I. Hillmann, editor, Elaine L. Westbrooks, editor.260 __ |a Chicago : |b American Library Association, |c 2004.263 __ |a 0406300 __ |a xvii, 285 p. : |b ill. ; |c 23 cm.504 __ |a Includes bibliographical references and index.650 _0 |a Information organization.650 _0 |a Metadata.650 _0 |a Database management.700 1_ |a Hillmann, Diane I. |q (Diane Ileana), |d 1948-700 1_ |a Westbrooks, Elaine L.710 2_ |a American Library Association.

Traditional Tagged MARC 21 Record Display

13Metadata Standards & Applications

Dublin Core: SimpleDublin Core: Simple

Simple to useSimple to use

All elements are optional/repeatableAll elements are optional/repeatable

No order of elements prescribedNo order of elements prescribed

Interdisciplinary/InternationalInterdisciplinary/International

Promotes semantic interoperabilityPromotes semantic interoperability

Controlled vocabulary Controlled vocabulary valuesvalues may be may be expressed, but not the sources of the expressed, but not the sources of the valuesvalues


Dublin Core ElementsDublin Core Elements

Fifteen elements in Simple DCFifteen elements in Simple DC


““Qualified” Dublin CoreQualified” Dublin Core

Includes 15 terms of the original DC Includes 15 terms of the original DC Metadata Element Set, plus:Metadata Element Set, plus:

Additional properties and sub-propertiesAdditional properties and sub-properties– Examples: abstract, accessRights, audience, Examples: abstract, accessRights, audience,

instructionalMethod, rightsHolder, provenanceinstructionalMethod, rightsHolder, provenance Provides:Provides:

– A fuller set of properties with specific A fuller set of properties with specific requirements for contentrequirements for content

– A namespace that includes all propertiesA namespace that includes all properties– Explicit value vocabularies can be specified Explicit value vocabularies can be specified


DC StructureDC Structure

Property/element refinements are used at Property/element refinements are used at the element level in DC/XMLthe element level in DC/XML– Relationships between properties and sub-Relationships between properties and sub-

properties explicit in the formal representationproperties explicit in the formal representation– Does not use XML “nesting” to express those Does not use XML “nesting” to express those

relationships relationships Encoding schemes (Syntax & Vocabulary)Encoding schemes (Syntax & Vocabulary)

– SES: Essentially a datatype that communicates SES: Essentially a datatype that communicates the format or structure of a stringthe format or structure of a string

– VES: Includes values from an identified VES: Includes values from an identified controlled vocabulary or list controlled vocabulary or list


Advantages: Dublin CoreAdvantages: Dublin Core

International and cross-domainInternational and cross-domain Developed via an open review processDeveloped via an open review process Increased efficiency of the Increased efficiency of the

discovery/retrieval of digital objectsdiscovery/retrieval of digital objects Rich element set (qualified DC) provides a Rich element set (qualified DC) provides a

framework of elements which will aid the framework of elements which will aid the management of informationmanagement of information

Ease of mapping to other metadata Ease of mapping to other metadata standards promotes collaboration of standards promotes collaboration of cultural/educational informationcultural/educational information


Uses of Dublin Core

Minimal standard for OAI-PMHMinimal standard for OAI-PMH

Core element set in some other Core element set in some other schemasschemas

Switching vocabulary for more Switching vocabulary for more complex schemascomplex schemas


Ex.: Simple Dublin Core<metadata> <dc:title>Metadata in practice.</dc:title> <dc:contributor>Hillmann, Diane I.</dc:contributor> <dc:contributor>Westbrooks, Elaine L.</dc:contributor> <dc:subject>Information organization</dc:subject> <dc:subject>Metadata</dc:subject> <dc:subject>Database management</dc:subject> <dc:subject>Z666.5.M48 2004</dc:subject> <dc:subject>025.3</dc:subject> <dc:date>2004</dc:date> <dc:format>285 p.</dc:format> <dc:type>Text</dc:type> <dc:identifier>ISBN:0838908829</dc:identifier> <dc:language>en</dc:language> <dc:publisher>ALA Editions</dc:publisher></metadata> 20Metadata Standards &

Applications

Ex.: Qualified Dublin Core

<metadata> <dc:title xml:lang="en">Metadata in practice.</dc:title> <dc:contributor>Hillmann, Diane I.</dc:contributor> <dc:contributor>Westbrooks, Elaine L.</dc:contributor> <dc:subject xsitype="LCSH">Information organization</dc:subject> <dc:subject xsitype="LCSH">Metadata</dc:subject> <dc:subject xsitype="LCSH">Database management</dc:subject> <dc:subject xsitype="LCC">Z666.5.M48 2004</dc:subject> <dc:subject xsitype="DDC">025.3</dc:subject> <dc:date xsitype="W3CDTF">2004</dc:date> <dcterms:extent>285 p.</dcterms:extent> <dc:type xsitype="DCMIType">Text</dc:type> <dc:identifier xsitype="URI">ISBN:0838908829</dc:identifier> <dc:language xsitype="RFC3066">en</dc:language> <dc:publisher>ALA Editions</dc:publisher> <dcterms:audience>Librarians</dcterms:audience></metadata> 21Metadata Standards &

Applications

Status of DCStatus of DC

Dublin Core Metadata Element Set version Dublin Core Metadata Element Set version 1.11.1– ISO Standard 15836-2003; ANSI/NISO Standard ISO Standard 15836-2003; ANSI/NISO Standard

Z39.85-2007; IETF RFC 5013Z39.85-2007; IETF RFC 5013 Updated encoding guidelinesUpdated encoding guidelines

– Proposed recommendation for expressing DC Proposed recommendation for expressing DC description sets using XML (Sept. 2008)description sets using XML (Sept. 2008)

– Final recommendation for expressing DC Final recommendation for expressing DC metadata using HTML/XHTML (Aug. 2008)metadata using HTML/XHTML (Aug. 2008)


A selection of DC projectsA selection of DC projects National Science Digital Library National Science Digital Library

http://nsdl.org/– Aggregates a wide variety of source Aggregates a wide variety of source

collections using Dublin Corecollections using Dublin Core Kentuckiana Digital Library Kentuckiana Digital Library http://kdl.kyvl.org/

– For item level metadata, on DLXS softwareFor item level metadata, on DLXS software Gathering the Jewels Gathering the Jewels http://www.gtj.org.uk/

– Website for Welsh cultural history using DC Website for Welsh cultural history using DC standardsstandards

MusicBrainz MusicBrainz http://musicbrainz.org/– User-maintained community music User-maintained community music

recording database; extension of DCrecording database; extension of DC


http://nsdl.org/

http://kdl.kyvl.org/

http://www.gtj.org.uk/

http://musicbrainz.org/

MODSMODS MODS: Metadata Object Description SchemaMODS: Metadata Object Description Schema

An XML descriptive metadata standardAn XML descriptive metadata standard

Derivative of MARC 21Derivative of MARC 21

– Uses language based tagsUses language based tags

– Contains a subset of MARC elementsContains a subset of MARC elements

– Repackages elements to eliminate some redundanciesRepackages elements to eliminate some redundancies

– Uses same “flat” record assumptions as MARC does; Uses same “flat” record assumptions as MARC does; thus is not “FRBR-aware”thus is not “FRBR-aware”

Does not assume the use of any specific rules Does not assume the use of any specific rules for descriptionfor description

Element set is applicable to digital resourcesElement set is applicable to digital resources


MODS high-level elementsMODS high-level elements

Title InfoTitle Info NameName Type of resourceType of resource GenreGenre Origin InfoOrigin Info LanguageLanguage Physical descriptionPhysical description AbstractAbstract Table of contentsTable of contents Target audienceTarget audience

NoteNote SubjectSubject ClassificationClassification Related ItemRelated Item IdentifierIdentifier LocationLocation Access conditionsAccess conditions PartPart ExtensionExtension Record InfoRecord Info


Advantages of MODSAdvantages of MODS

Element set is largely compatible with Element set is largely compatible with existing MARC descriptions in large library existing MARC descriptions in large library databasesdatabases

Element set is richer than Simple Dublin Element set is richer than Simple Dublin Core but simpler than full MARCCore but simpler than full MARC

Hierarchy allows for rich description, Hierarchy allows for rich description, especially of complex digital objectsespecially of complex digital objects

Rich description works well with Rich description works well with hierarchical METS objectshierarchical METS objects


Uses of MODSUses of MODS

Extension schema to METSExtension schema to METS– Rich description works well with hierarchical Rich description works well with hierarchical

METS objectsMETS objects As a specified XML format for SRUAs a specified XML format for SRU As a core element set between MARC and As a core element set between MARC and

non-MARC XML descriptionsnon-MARC XML descriptions For original resource description in XML For original resource description in XML

syntax that is simpler than full MARCsyntax that is simpler than full MARC As an additional format when exposing As an additional format when exposing

information using OAIinformation using OAI


MODS expressed in XML

<titleInfo> <title>Metadata in practice /</title> </titleInfo> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="family">Hillmann,</namePart> <namePart type="given">Diane I. (Diane Ileana),</namePart> <namePart type="date">1948-</namePart> <role> <roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm> </role> </name> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="family">Westbrooks,</namePart> <namePart type="given">Elaine L.</namePart> <role> <roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm> </role> </name>


<typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource> <genre authority="marc">book</genre> <originInfo> <place> <placeTerm authority="marccountry" type="code">ilu</placeTerm> </place> <place> <placeTerm type="text">Chicago</placeTerm> </place> <publisher>ALA Editions</publisher> <dateIssued>2004</dateIssued> <issuance>monographic</issuance> </originInfo> <language> <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm> </language>


<physicalDescription> <form authority="marcform">print</form> <extent>viii, 285 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.</extent> </physicalDescription> <note type="statement of responsibility">Diane I. Hillmann, editor, Elaine L. Westbrooks, editor.</note> <note> Includes bibliographical references and index.</note> <subject authority="lcsh"><topic>Information organization</topic></subject> <subject authority="lcsh"><topic>Metadata</topic></subject> <subject authority="lcsh"><topic>Database management</topic></subject> <classification authority="lcc">Z666.5.M48 2004</classification> <classification edition="22" authority="ddc">025.3</classification> <recordInfo> <recordContentSource>DLC</recordContentSource> <recordCreationDate encoding="marc">20041014</recordCreationDate> <recordChangeDate encoding="iso8601">20050406144503.0</recordChangeDate> <recordIdentifier>2004003428</recordIdentifier> </recordInfo>


Status of MODSStatus of MODS

Open listserv collaboration of Open listserv collaboration of possible implementers, LC possible implementers, LC coordinated (1coordinated (1stst half 2002) half 2002)

First comment and use period: 2002First comment and use period: 2002 Now in MODS version 3.3Now in MODS version 3.3 Endorsed as METS extension schema Endorsed as METS extension schema

for descMDfor descMD MODS Editorial Committee formed MODS Editorial Committee formed

Fall 2008Fall 2008


A selection of MODS projectsA selection of MODS projects LC uses of MODSLC uses of MODS

– LC web archives LC web archives http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/lcwa/html/lcwa-http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/lcwa/html/lcwa-home.htmlhome.html

– Digital library METS projectsDigital library METS projects University of Chicago LibraryUniversity of Chicago Library

– Chopin early editionsChopin early editions– Finding aid discoveryFinding aid discovery

Digital Library Federation Aquifer InitiativeDigital Library Federation Aquifer Initiative National Library of AustraliaNational Library of Australia

– MusicAustralia: MODS as exchange format between MusicAustralia: MODS as exchange format between National Library of Australia and ScreenSoundAustraliaNational Library of Australia and ScreenSoundAustralia

– Australian national bibliographic database metadata Australian national bibliographic database metadata projectproject


Learning Object Metadata (LOM) Learning Object Metadata (LOM)

An array of related standards for description of An array of related standards for description of ‘learning objects’ or ‘learning resources’‘learning objects’ or ‘learning resources’

Most based on efforts of the IEEE LTSC (Institute Most based on efforts of the IEEE LTSC (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Learning of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Learning Technology Standards Committee) and the IMS Technology Standards Committee) and the IMS Global Learning Consortium, inc.Global Learning Consortium, inc.

Tends to be very complex with few Tends to be very complex with few implementations outside of government and implementations outside of government and industry industry

One well-documented implementation is One well-documented implementation is CanCoreCanCore


IEEE-LOMIEEE-LOM

Nine top level categoriesNine top level categories– GeneralGeneral– Life CycleLife Cycle– Meta-MetadataMeta-Metadata– TechnicalTechnical– EducationalEducational– RightsRights– RelationRelation– AnnotationAnnotation– ClassificationClassification

http://www.cancore.ca/en/guidelines.html


http://www.cancore.ca/en/guidelines.html

Advantages of IEEE-LOMAdvantages of IEEE-LOM

Built on an explicit data modelBuilt on an explicit data model– Specifies which aspects of a learning object Specifies which aspects of a learning object

should be describedshould be described International community contributes to International community contributes to

standardstandard– Education and learning sector in Europe is Education and learning sector in Europe is

particularly invested in using the standard; is particularly invested in using the standard; is required in certain circumstancesrequired in certain circumstances

Applicable to a broad array of learning Applicable to a broad array of learning objectsobjects


Uses of IEEE-LOMUses of IEEE-LOM

Describe and share information Describe and share information about learning objects individually or about learning objects individually or as a groupas a group

Export as LOM in XML or RDFExport as LOM in XML or RDF Most descriptive elements mapped to Most descriptive elements mapped to

Dublin CoreDublin Core Can be used with the IMS VDEX Can be used with the IMS VDEX

(Vocabulary Definition Exchange)(Vocabulary Definition Exchange)


Ex.: CanCore <learningResourceType> <source>LOMv1.0</source> <value>narrative text</value></learningResourceType><learningResourceType> <source>GEM Resource Type Controlled Vocabularyhttp://www.geminfo.org/Workbench/Metadata/Vocab_Type.html </source> <value>educator's guide</value></learningResourceType><learningResourceType> <source>LOMv1.0</source> <value>narrative text</value></learningResourceType><learningResourceType> <source>EdNA Curriculum http://www.edna.edu.au/edna/go/cache/offonce/pid/621 </source> <value>training package</value></learningResourceType>

Note name Note name & URL& URL

Note name Note name & URL& URL


http://www.geminfo.org/Workbench/Metadata/Vocab_Type.html

http://www.edna.edu.au/edna/go/cache/offonce/pid/621

Status of IEEE-LOMStatus of IEEE-LOM

IEEE Standard for Learning Object IEEE Standard for Learning Object MetadataMetadata– IEEE Std 1484.12.1-2002IEEE Std 1484.12.1-2002– Approved 13 June 2002Approved 13 June 2002– Available for purchase from IEEEAvailable for purchase from IEEE

AKA Learning Resource Meta-data AKA Learning Resource Meta-data SpecificationSpecification– Version 1.3 (final)Version 1.3 (final)– Requires registration to downloadRequires registration to download– http://www.imsglobal.org/metadata/


http://www.imsglobal.org/metadata/

A Selection of IEEE-LOM ProjectsA Selection of IEEE-LOM Projects

CanCoreCanCore– http://www.cancore.ca/http://www.cancore.ca/

LearnAlberta.caLearnAlberta.ca– http://www.learnalberta.ca/http://www.learnalberta.ca/– Grades K-12Grades K-12

Learning Object Repository NetworkLearning Object Repository Network– http://lorn.flexiblelearning.net.au/Home.aspxhttp://lorn.flexiblelearning.net.au/Home.aspx


What is ONIX for Books?What is ONIX for Books?

Originally devised to simplify the provision of book Originally devised to simplify the provision of book product information to online retailers (name stood product information to online retailers (name stood for ONline Information eXchange)for ONline Information eXchange)

First version flat XML, second version included First version flat XML, second version included hierarchy and elements repeated within ‘composites’hierarchy and elements repeated within ‘composites’

Maintained by Editeur, with the the Book Industry Maintained by Editeur, with the the Book Industry Study Group (New York) and Book Industry Study Group (New York) and Book Industry Communication (London)Communication (London)

Includes marketing and shipping oriented Includes marketing and shipping oriented information: book jacket blurb and photos, full size information: book jacket blurb and photos, full size and weight info, etc.and weight info, etc.


Bibliographic Elements in ONIXBibliographic Elements in ONIX

… … and more!and more! TitleTitle AuthorAuthor ISBNISBN Price, availabilityPrice, availability Blurb, reviews, extractsBlurb, reviews, extracts BISAC Subject CodesBISAC Subject Codes Territorial rightsTerritorial rights Links to websites and book cover imagesLinks to websites and book cover images


Advantages of ONIXAdvantages of ONIX

Provides publisher information in a widely Provides publisher information in a widely used standard formatused standard format

Promotes exchange of information with Promotes exchange of information with publishers, vendors, book sellers, librariespublishers, vendors, book sellers, libraries

““Value-added” information (ex., book Value-added” information (ex., book jacket images, reviews) benefits book jacket images, reviews) benefits book sellers (online commercial sites) and sellers (online commercial sites) and libraries (online catalogs)libraries (online catalogs)

More [information], faster [transmission], More [information], faster [transmission], cheaper? better?cheaper? better?


Uses of ONIXUses of ONIX

ONIX in XML uses an ONIX DTD (Document ONIX in XML uses an ONIX DTD (Document Type Definition)Type Definition)

Transmitted via email attachment or ftpTransmitted via email attachment or ftp Used by LC and other libraries as starting Used by LC and other libraries as starting

point for library descriptive catalogingpoint for library descriptive cataloging New business opportunities for catalogers: New business opportunities for catalogers:

Technical Service Providers will implement Technical Service Providers will implement ONIX in companies (publishers) that lack IT ONIX in companies (publishers) that lack IT expertiseexpertise


Ex.: ONIX<Title><TitleType>01</TitleType><TitleText textcase = “02”>British English, A to Zed</TitleText></Title><Contributor><SequenceNumber>1</SequenceNumber><ContributorRole>A01</ContributorRole><PersonNameInverted>Schur, Norman W</PersonNameInverted><BiographicalNote>A Harvard graduate in Latin and Italian literature, Norman Schur attended the University of Rome and the Sorbonne before returning to the United States to study law at Harvard and Columbia Law Schools. Now retired from legal practise, Mr Schur is a fluent speaker and writer of both British and American English.</BiographicalNote> </Contributor>


Ex.: ONIX, cont.<othertext><d102>01</d102><d104>BRITISH ENGLISH, A TO ZED is the thoroughly updated, revised, andexpanded third edition of Norman Schur’s highly acclaimed transatlantic dictionaryfor English speakers. First published as BRITISH SELF-TAUGHT and then asENGLISH ENGLISH, this collection of Briticisms for Americans, and Americanismsfor the British, is a scholarly yet witty lexicon, combining definitions withcommentary on the most frequently used and some lesser known words andphrases. Highly readable, it’s a snip of a book, and one that sorts out – throughcomments in American – the “Queen’s English” – confounding as it mayseem.</d104></othertext><othertext><d102>08</d102><d104>Norman Schur is without doubt the outstanding authority on the similaritiesand differences between British and American English. BRITISH ENGLISH, A TOZED attests not only to his expertise, but also to his undiminished powers to inform, amuse and entertain. – Laurence Urdang, Editor, VERBATIM, The LanguageQuarterly, Spring 1988 </d104></othertext> 45Metadata Standards &

Applications

Ex.: ONIX, cont.<othertext><d102>01</d102><d104>BRITISH ENGLISH, A TO ZED is the thoroughly updated, revised, andexpanded third edition of Norman Schur’s highly acclaimed transatlantic dictionaryfor English speakers. First published as BRITISH SELF-TAUGHT and then asENGLISH ENGLISH, this collection of Briticisms for Americans, and Americanismsfor the British, is a scholarly yet witty lexicon, combining definitions withcommentary on the most frequently used and some lesser known words andphrases. Highly readable, it’s a snip of a book, and one that sorts out – throughcomments in American – the “Queen’s English” – confounding as it mayseem.</d104></othertext><othertext><d102>08</d102><d104>Norman Schur is without doubt the outstanding authority on the similaritiesand differences between British and American English. BRITISH ENGLISH, A TOZED attests not only to his expertise, but also to his undiminished powers to inform, amuse and entertain. – Laurence Urdang, Editor, VERBATIM, The LanguageQuarterly, Spring 1988 </d104></othertext>

Main Desc.

Review


Status of ONIX for BooksStatus of ONIX for Books

ONIX For Books, Release 2.1 revision ONIX For Books, Release 2.1 revision 02 (Feb 2005) for most02 (Feb 2005) for most

BISAC identifies 31 data elements as BISAC identifies 31 data elements as best practicebest practice

ONIX/MARC21 mappings by Library ONIX/MARC21 mappings by Library of Congress, OCLCof Congress, OCLC

ONIX/UNIMARC mapping by British ONIX/UNIMARC mapping by British LibraryLibrary– http://www.editeur.org/onixmarc.htmlhttp://www.editeur.org/onixmarc.html


A selection of ONIX projectsA selection of ONIX projects http://www.editeur.org/onix.htmlhttp://www.editeur.org/onix.html ONIX AdministratorsONIX Administrators

– EDItEUR (European & international)EDItEUR (European & international)– Book Industry Communication (BIC) (European and Book Industry Communication (BIC) (European and

international)international)– Book Industry Study Group, Inc. (BISG) (U.S.)Book Industry Study Group, Inc. (BISG) (U.S.)

Amazon.comAmazon.com Association of American PublishersAssociation of American Publishers Baker & TaylorBaker & Taylor Barnes & NobleBarnes & Noble GoogleGoogle McGraw-Hill CompaniesMcGraw-Hill Companies


What is Encoded Archival What is Encoded Archival Description (EAD)?Description (EAD)?

Standard for electronic encoding of finding aids Standard for electronic encoding of finding aids for archival and manuscript collectionsfor archival and manuscript collections

Expressed as an SGML/XML DTDExpressed as an SGML/XML DTD Supports archival descriptive practices and Supports archival descriptive practices and

standards for discovery, exchange and use of standards for discovery, exchange and use of datadata– Single-level description at collection levelSingle-level description at collection level– Multilevel description from collection through file and Multilevel description from collection through file and

item levelsitem levels Developed and maintained by Society of Developed and maintained by Society of

American ArchivistsAmerican Archivists– LC hosts the website: http://www.loc.gov/ead/LC hosts the website: http://www.loc.gov/ead/


Advantages of EADAdvantages of EAD

Documents explicitly the interrelated Documents explicitly the interrelated descriptive information of an archival descriptive information of an archival finding aidfinding aid

Preserves the hierarchical relationships Preserves the hierarchical relationships existing between levels of descriptionexisting between levels of description

Represents descriptive information that is Represents descriptive information that is inherited by one hierarchical level from inherited by one hierarchical level from anotheranother

Supports element-specific indexing and Supports element-specific indexing and retrieval of descriptive informationretrieval of descriptive information


Uses of EADUses of EAD Based on the needs of the archival communityBased on the needs of the archival community

– Hierarchical structure difficult to map to non-Hierarchical structure difficult to map to non-hierarchical schemashierarchical schemas

– Lower levels assume some inheritance of Lower levels assume some inheritance of information, can’t be mapped separatelyinformation, can’t be mapped separately

Good at describing blocks of information, poor at Good at describing blocks of information, poor at providing granular informationproviding granular information

Some uptake by museum communitySome uptake by museum community Provides standard method for re-using existing Provides standard method for re-using existing

printed Finding Aids in a digital environmentprinted Finding Aids in a digital environment


EAD Example

<eadheader audience="internal" countryencoding="iso3166-1" dateencoding="iso8601" langencoding="iso639-2b“relatedencoding="DC" repositoryencoding="iso15511" scriptencoding="iso15924">

<eadid countrycode="us" identifier="bachrach_lf" mainagencycode="NSyU">bachrach_lf</eadid> <filedesc>

<titlestmt> <titleproper encodinganalog="Title">Louis Fabian

Bachrach Papers</titleproper> <subtitle>An inventory of his papers at Blank

University</subtitle> <author encodinganalog="Creator">Mary

Smith</author> </titlestmt>

• <publicationstmt>


EAD Example, cont. <publisher encodinganalog="Publisher">Blank

University</publisher> <date encodinganalog="Date"

normal="1981">1981</date> </publicationstmt>

</filedesc> <profiledesc>

<creation>John Jones <date normal="2006-09-13">13 Sep

2006</date> </creation> <language>

<language encodinganalog="Language" langcode="eng">English</language>

</langusage> </profiledesc>

</eadheader> 53Metadata Standards &

Applications

Status of EADStatus of EAD

EAD 2002 (current)EAD 2002 (current) EAD Roundtable of SAA promotes EAD Roundtable of SAA promotes

implementation and use of EAD.DTDimplementation and use of EAD.DTD Design Principles for enhancements Design Principles for enhancements

to EAD enable to grow rationallyto EAD enable to grow rationally– http://www.loc.gov/ead/eaddesgn.htmlhttp://www.loc.gov/ead/eaddesgn.html


A Selection of EAD ProjectsA Selection of EAD Projects

Archives Hub [UK] Archives Hub [UK] http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/

Library of Congress Finding Aids Library of Congress Finding Aids Project http://www.loc.gov/rr/ead/Project http://www.loc.gov/rr/ead/

Cartoon Research Library, Ohio State Cartoon Research Library, Ohio State University http://cartoons.osu.edu/University http://cartoons.osu.edu/

Virginia Heritage Virginia Heritage http://www.lib.virginian.edu/vhp/http://www.lib.virginian.edu/vhp/


VRA CoreVRA Core

Maintained by the Visual Resources Maintained by the Visual Resources AssociationAssociation

A categorical organization for the A categorical organization for the description of works of visual culture as description of works of visual culture as well as the images that document themwell as the images that document them

Consists of a metadata element set and Consists of a metadata element set and an initial blueprint for how those an initial blueprint for how those elements can be hierarchically structuredelements can be hierarchically structured


VRA: Work, Collection, or ImageVRA: Work, Collection, or Image

work, collection or work, collection or imageimage

agentagent culturalContextculturalContext datedate descriptiondescription inscriptioninscription locationlocation materialmaterial measurementsmeasurements

relationrelation rightsrights sourcesource stateEditionstateEdition stylePeriodstylePeriod subjectsubject techniquetechnique textReftextRef titletitle workTypeworkType


Advantages of VRA CoreAdvantages of VRA Core

Allows description of original and digital Allows description of original and digital objectobject

Level of granularity supports specific Level of granularity supports specific disciplinediscipline

New content rules have been developed: New content rules have been developed: Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO)Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO)– Extensive community developing around the Extensive community developing around the

standards: standards: http://vraweb.org/ccoweb/cco/index.html http://vraweb.org/ccoweb/cco/index.html


Uses of VRA CoreUses of VRA Core

Standardized description of art worksStandardized description of art works– Includes description of analog objects Includes description of analog objects

that have been digitizedthat have been digitized Some acceptance by museums, art Some acceptance by museums, art

collectionscollections CCO standard based on print CCO standard based on print

publication model publication model – ““Selections” and examples on web page, Selections” and examples on web page,

but full standard not available therebut full standard not available there


Ex.: VRA Core <work><titleSet>

<title pref="true” source=“LC NAF”>Rotunda</title></titleSet><agentSet><agent>

<name type="personal“ vocab=“LC NAF” refid= “n 79089957”>Jefferson, Thomas</name><dates type="life">

<earliestDate>1743</earliestDate><latestDate>1826</latestDate></dates><role>architect</role><culture>American</culture>

</agent></agentSet><agentSet><agent>

<name type="personal“ vocab=“LC NAF” refid= “n 50020242”>White, Stanford</name><dates type="life">

<earliestDate>1853</earliestDate><latestDate>1906</latestDate></dates><role>architect</role><culture>American</culture><notes>Architect of 1896-1897 renovation</notes>

</agent></agentSet>


<dateSet><date type="construction">

<earliestDate>1822</earliestDate><latestDate>1826</latestDate></date>

<notes>Construction begun October, 1822, completed September, 1826.<notes>

</dateSet><dateSet>

<date type=“destruction"><earliestDate>1895</earliestDate>

</date><notes>Burned October 27, 1895.</notes>

</dateSet><dateSet>

<date type=“renovation"><earliestDate>1896</earliestDate><latestDate>1897</latestDate>

</date><notes>Rebuilt to designs of Stanford White, 1896-1897.</notes>

</dateSet><locationSet><location type="site">

<name type="geographic" vocab="TGN" refid="2002201">Charlottesville, Virginia</name>

</location></locationSet></work>


More VRA Core<image><titleSet>

<title type="descriptive">general view</title></titleSet><agentSet><agent>

<name type="personal“ vocab=“LC NAF” refid=“n 82111472”>Lay, K. Edward</name><culture>American</culture><role>photographer</role>

</agent></agentSet><dateSet><date type=“creation">

<earliestDate>1990</earliestDate><latestDate>2000</latestDate>

</date></dateSet><locationSet><location type="repository">

<name type="corporate">University of Virginia Library</name><name type="geographic" vocab="TGN" refid="2002201">Charlottesville</name>

</location></locationSet><rightsSet>

<rights type=“credit”>K. Edward Lay</rights><rights type=“access”>Publicly accessible</rights>

</rightsSet></image> 62Metadata Standards &

Applications

Metadata Standards & Applications

63

<image><titleSet>

<title type="descriptive">View from gymnasia</title></titleSet><agentSet><agent>

<name type="personal“ vocab=“LC NAF”refid=“n 82111472”>Lay, K. Edward</name>

<culture>American</culture><role>photographer</role>

</agent></agentSet><dateSet><date type=“creation">

<earliestDate>1995</earliestDate><latestDate>2000</latestDate>

</date></dateSet><locationSet><location type="repository">

<name type="corporate">University of Virginia Library</name><name type="geographic" vocab="TGN" refid="2002201">

Charlottesville</name></location></locationSet><rightsSet>

<rights type=“credit”>K. Edward Lay</rights><rights type=“access”>Publicly accessible</rights>

</rightsSet></image>

Status of VRA CoreStatus of VRA Core

Version 4.0 (9 April 2007)Version 4.0 (9 April 2007)– http://www.vraweb.org/projects/vracore4/http://www.vraweb.org/projects/vracore4/

Endorsed by METS as an official Endorsed by METS as an official extension schema for images of cultural extension schema for images of cultural heritage resourcesheritage resources

Unrestricted versionUnrestricted version– Specifies the basic structure of the schemaSpecifies the basic structure of the schema

Restricted versionRestricted version– Adds controlled type lists and date formatsAdds controlled type lists and date formats


A Selection of VRA Core ProjectsA Selection of VRA Core Projects

Luna ImagingLuna Imaging– http://www.lunaimaging.com/index.htmlhttp://www.lunaimaging.com/index.html

ARTstor ARTstor – http://www.artstor.org/http://www.artstor.org/

Visual Information Access (VIA), Visual Information Access (VIA), Harvard University Libraries Harvard University Libraries – http://via.lib.harvard.edu/via/http://via.lib.harvard.edu/via/


PB CorePB Core

Public Broadcasting Core element setPublic Broadcasting Core element set– http://www.pbcore.org/http://www.pbcore.org/– Built on Dublin Core (but does not Built on Dublin Core (but does not

comply with the Abstract Model)comply with the Abstract Model) Provides a shared descriptive Provides a shared descriptive

language for public broadcasterslanguage for public broadcasters– Used for television, radio, Web activitiesUsed for television, radio, Web activities


PBCore ElementsPBCore Elements

53 elements arranged in 15 53 elements arranged in 15 containers and 3 sub-containerscontainers and 3 sub-containers

Four classes:Four classes:– Intellectual Content (title, subject, description, Intellectual Content (title, subject, description,

audienceLevel …)audienceLevel …)– Intellectual Property (creator, contributor, Intellectual Property (creator, contributor,

publisher, rightsSummary)publisher, rightsSummary)– Instantiation (dateCreated, formatFileSize, Instantiation (dateCreated, formatFileSize,

formatDuration, formatTracks, language)formatDuration, formatTracks, language)– ExtensionsExtensions


Uses of PBCoreUses of PBCore

Shared descriptive language for Shared descriptive language for public broadcasterspublic broadcasters

Useful for both public search and Useful for both public search and viewing, and internal asset viewing, and internal asset managementmanagement

Facilitates production collaborationsFacilitates production collaborations Ability to parse programs into short Ability to parse programs into short

segments for Web distribution, niche segments for Web distribution, niche community needscommunity needs


<PBCoreDescriptionDocument xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.pbcore.org/PBCore/PBCoreNamespace.html http://www.pbcore.org/PBCore/PBCoreSchema.xsd"><pbcoreIdentifier><identifier>8sMPyUcqFUTvVHzq1bNB</identifier><identifierSource>PBCore Cataloging Tool</identifierSource></pbcoreIdentifier><pbcoreTitle><title>Secrets of the Lost Canyon</title><titleType>Program</titleType></pbcoreTitle><pbcoreSubject><subject>Prehistoric Native American culture; Desert Cultures; Ancestral Puebloans; Anasazi; Fremont culture; Prehistoric art; Early Native American arts and crafts; Prehistoric Native American arts and crafts; Desert Cultures; Desert Gatherer arts and crafts; Range Creek Canyon, Utah</subject><subjectAuthorityUsed>Library of Congress Subject Headings</subjectAuthorityUsed></pbcoreSubject><pbcoreDescription>

PB Core


<description>When the existence of Range Creek Canyon, with its hundreds--if not thousands--of ancient, undisturbed, Fremont Indian sites was announced in the Summer of 2004, worldwide interest focused on a unique parcel of land wedged in a remote corner of Utah. A Utah ranching family had defied the pressures of encroaching modern society and [portion omitted] </description><descriptionType>Abstract</descriptionType></pbcoreDescription><pbcoreGenre><genre>Documentary; Educational; History; Politics; Western; Nature; Science; Environment</genre><genreAuthorityUsed>PBCore Genre Picklist</genreAuthorityUsed></pbcoreGenre><pbcoreRelation><relationType>relationType0</relationType><relationIdentifier>relationIdentifier0</relationIdentifier></pbcoreRelation>

… and so forth …70Metadata Standards &

Applications

Status of PBCoreStatus of PBCore

Version 1.1 (1Version 1.1 (1stst quarter 2007) quarter 2007) Freely available to use under Freely available to use under

Creative Commons license, with Creative Commons license, with attributionattribution

National Center for Accessible Media National Center for Accessible Media (NCAM)/WGBH Educational (NCAM)/WGBH Educational Foundation is authority & Foundation is authority & maintenance organizationmaintenance organization

Listserv: pbcore-usersListserv: pbcore-users


Selection of PBCore projectsSelection of PBCore projects

Wisconsin Public Television (WPT) Wisconsin Public Television (WPT) Media Library Online Media Library Online http://wptmedialibrary.wpt.org/http://wptmedialibrary.wpt.org/

Kentucky Educational Television Kentucky Educational Television (KET) http://www.ket.org/(KET) http://www.ket.org/

New Jersey Network (NJN) New Jersey Network (NJN) http://www.njn.net/http://www.njn.net/


Text Encoding Initiative (TEI)Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Consortium of institutions and research Consortium of institutions and research

projectsprojects Maintains and develops guidelines for the Maintains and develops guidelines for the

representation of texts in digital formrepresentation of texts in digital form Representation of title pages, chapter Representation of title pages, chapter

breaks, tables of contents, as well as breaks, tables of contents, as well as poetry, plays, charts, etc.poetry, plays, charts, etc.

The TEI file contains a “header” that The TEI file contains a “header” that holds metadata about the digital file & holds metadata about the digital file & the original sourcethe original source


TEI HeaderTEI Header

File description <fileDesc>File description <fileDesc>– Required for TEI headerRequired for TEI header– title, edition, extent, publication, series, title, edition, extent, publication, series,

notes, sourcenotes, source Encoding description Encoding description

<encodingDesc><encodingDesc> Text profile <profileDesc>Text profile <profileDesc> Revision history <revisionDesc>Revision history <revisionDesc>


Advantages of using TEIAdvantages of using TEI

Hardware-, software-, and Hardware-, software-, and application-independentapplication-independent

Conventions for many key text types Conventions for many key text types and featuresand features

Applicable to many disciplines and Applicable to many disciplines and purposes (computational linguistics, purposes (computational linguistics, literary analysis, theological textual literary analysis, theological textual analysis)analysis)


Uses of TEIUses of TEI

Document texts for scholars, Document texts for scholars, catalogers in libraries and archives, catalogers in libraries and archives, and software to process the textsand software to process the texts

Equivalent of code books or manuals Equivalent of code books or manuals that accompany electronic data setsthat accompany electronic data sets

TEI allows scholars to analyze texts, TEI allows scholars to analyze texts, test authenticity, compare versionstest authenticity, compare versions


TEI<fileDesc>

<titleStmt><title type="main">A chronicle of the conquest of Granada</title><author><name type="last">Irving</name><name type="first">Washington</name><dateRange from="1783" to="1859">1783-1859</dateRange></author>

</titleStmt><extent>455 kilobytes</extent><publicationStmt>

<publisher>University of Virginia Library</publisher><pubPlace>Charlottesville, Virginia</pubPlace><date value="2006">2006</date>

<availability status="public"><p n="copyright">Copyright © 2006 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia</p><p n="access">Publicly accessible</p>

</availability>77Metadata Standards &

Applications

More TEI

• <sourceDesc>– <titleStmt>

• <title type="main”>A chronicle of the conquest of Granada</title>

• <author>• <name type="last">Irving</name>• <name type="first">Washington</name>• <dateRange from="1783"

to="1859">1783-1859</dateRange>• </author>

– </titleStmt>– <extent>345 p. ; 21 cm.</extent>– <publicationStmt


Status of TEIStatus of TEI

TEI P4 (2004)TEI P4 (2004)– XML-compatibleXML-compatible

Guidelines and resources for learning Guidelines and resources for learning TEI availableTEI available– http://www.tei-c.org/index.xml http://www.tei-c.org/index.xml

Most intensively used in the Most intensively used in the humanitieshumanities


Selection of TEI projectsSelection of TEI projects

American Memory (uses a TEI-conformant American Memory (uses a TEI-conformant DTDDTD– http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.htmlhttp://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html

Early Canada Online Early Canada Online – http://www.canadiana.org/http://www.canadiana.org/

Victorian Women Writers Project Victorian Women Writers Project – http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/

index.htmlindex.html Oxford Text Archive Oxford Text Archive

– http://ota.ahds.ac.uk/http://ota.ahds.ac.uk/


Modeling metadata: why use Modeling metadata: why use models?models?

To understand what entities you are To understand what entities you are dealing withdealing with

To understand what metadata are To understand what metadata are relevant to which entitiesrelevant to which entities

To understand relationships between To understand relationships between different entitiesdifferent entities

To organize your metadata to make To organize your metadata to make it more predictable (and be able to it more predictable (and be able to use automated tools)use automated tools)


Descriptive metadata modelsDescriptive metadata models

Conceptual models for bibliographic and Conceptual models for bibliographic and authority dataauthority data– Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Functional Requirements for Bibliographic

Records (FRBR)Records (FRBR)– Functional Requirement for Authority Data Functional Requirement for Authority Data

(FRAD)(FRAD) Dublin Core Abstract Model (DCAM)Dublin Core Abstract Model (DCAM) Some other models:Some other models:

– CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (emerged CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (emerged from museum community)from museum community)

– INDECS (for intellectual property rights)INDECS (for intellectual property rights)


Bibliographic relationships Bibliographic relationships (pre-FRBR)(pre-FRBR)

Tillett’s Taxonomy (1987)Tillett’s Taxonomy (1987)– EquivalenceEquivalence– DerivativeDerivative– DescriptiveDescriptive– Whole-partWhole-part– AccompanyingAccompanying– SequentialSequential– Shared-characteristicShared-characteristic


Bibliographic relationships in Bibliographic relationships in MARC/MODSMARC/MODS

MARC Linking entry fieldsMARC Linking entry fields MARC relationships by specific MARC relationships by specific

encoding formatsencoding formats– Authority/bibliographic/holdingAuthority/bibliographic/holding

MODS relationshipsMODS relationships– relatedItem typesrelatedItem types– Additional structural relationships when Additional structural relationships when

used in METS documentsused in METS documents


FRBR (1996)FRBR (1996)

IFLA Study Group on the Functional IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Requirements for Bibliographic RecordsRecords

Focused on the bibliographic record Focused on the bibliographic record rather than the catalog rather than the catalog

Used an entity relationship model, Used an entity relationship model, rather than descriptive analysis rather than descriptive analysis without a structural modelwithout a structural model

Broader in scope than previous Broader in scope than previous studiesstudies


FRBR EntitiesFRBR Entities

Bibliographic entities: Bibliographic entities: works, works, expressions, manifestations, itemsexpressions, manifestations, items

Responsible parties: Responsible parties: persons, persons, corporate bodiescorporate bodies

Subject entities: Subject entities: concepts, objects, concepts, objects, events, placesevents, places


Group 1 Entities & Their Relationships

WorkWork

ExpressionExpression

ManifestationManifestation

ItemItem

A Work “Is realized through”

An Expression

An Expression “Is embodied in”A Manifestation

A Manifestation“Is exemplified by”

An Item

An Expression“realizes”

A Work

A Manifestation“embodies”

An Expression

An Item “exemplifies”

A Manifestation

[Thanks to Sherry Vellucci for this slide.]


DC Abstract ModelDC Abstract Model

Reaffirms the One-to-One PrincipleReaffirms the One-to-One Principle Defines ‘statement’ as the atomic levelDefines ‘statement’ as the atomic level Distinguishes between “description” and Distinguishes between “description” and

“description set”:“description set”:– DescriptionDescription: “One or more statements about : “One or more statements about

one, and only one, resource.”one, and only one, resource.”– Description SetDescription Set: “A set of one or more : “A set of one or more

descriptions, each of which describes a single descriptions, each of which describes a single resource.”resource.”

RDA vocabularies being developed to use RDA vocabularies being developed to use the DC Abstract Modelthe DC Abstract Model


representation

representation

statementstatement

descriptiondescription

record

descriptionset

description

statementproperty

value

representation

value string

relateddescription

is groupedinto

is instantiatedas

has oneor more

has one

has one

is representedby one or more

is a

is a

OR

A record consists of descriptions, using properties and values.A value can be a string or a pointerto another description.


Basic model: Resource with properties

A Play has the title “Antony and Cleopatra,” was written in 1606 by William Shakespeare, and is about “Roman history”


… related to other Resources


An ExerciseAn Exercise

Each group will be given a printout of a Each group will be given a printout of a digital objectdigital object

Create a brief metadata record based Create a brief metadata record based on the standard assigned to your groupon the standard assigned to your group

Take notes about the issues and Take notes about the issues and decisions madedecisions made

Appoint a spokesperson to present the Appoint a spokesperson to present the metadata record created & the issues metadata record created & the issues involved (5-10 minutes)involved (5-10 minutes)


metadata standards and applications 2. descriptive metadata standards, bibliographic relationships...

Documents

orgwg12 http

ead http

pbcore http

tei http

data content standards

ieeelom http

orgwg12 onix http

vra core http