metabolism of ammonia
TRANSCRIPT
Metabolism of Ammonia Dr. Rohini C Sane
Metabolism of AmmoniaNH3 → NH4 ⁺ ion ( exist ammonium ion at p H 7.4)
I .Formation of Ammonia :
a ) Transamination & Deamination of biogenic amines ,NH2 group of Purines & Pyrimidine
b) Urea bacterial urease NH3
II . Transport & storage :
Conc of serum ammonia 10 -20 micro gram /dl
Efficient transport &immediate utilization of ammonia for urea synthesis
Ammonia is transported as Glutamine & Alanine (Glucose –Alanine cycle
No free Ammonia in serum under physiological conditions
Functions of AmmoniaWaste products of nitrogen
Synthesis of compounds like
a) Non essential amino acids
b) Purines
c) Pyrimidine
d) Amino sugars
e) Asparagine
f) NH₄⁺(acid base balance )
PURINE BASE
Disposal of Ammonia1) Ammonitelic : ammonia excreted in water eg aquatic animals
2) Uricotelic : ammonia excreted as uric acid eg reptiles & birds
3) Ureotelic : ammonia excreted as urea (non toxic ,water soluble )eg mammals
AMMONIA URIC ACID
UREA
Toxicity of Ammonia
Symptoms of Toxicity of Ammonia
• Marginal elevation –toxic to brain
• Slurring of speech
• Blurring of vision
• Tremors
• Coma
• Death
Biochemistry of Toxicity of AmmoniaNH3 ↑
↓GLUTAMATE ↑
↓α KGA (intermediate of TCA CYCLE ) ↓
↓TCA ( impairment of TCA ) ↓
↓ATP in brain ↓
Hyperammonemia
(a) Genetic defects in enzymes of Urea cycle (neonates )
↓
Mental retardation
(b) Acquired Hepatitis ( alcoholism- defective urea synthesis )
Metabolic disorders of Urea cycleType of Hyperammonemmia Defective Enzyme
HYPER AMMONEMMIA I CPS I
HYPER AMMONEMMIA II Ornithine Trans carbomylase
HYPER AMMONEMMIA IIICitullinemia
Argino sucdefective encinatesynthtase
HYPER AMMONEMMIA IVArginosuccinic aciduria
Arginosuccinase
HYPER AMMONEMMIA VHyperargininemia
Arginase