message points from sara...sara members: audi, avtovaz, bmw, daimlerchrysler, fiat, ford, gm,...

SARA members: Audi, Avtovaz, BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Fiat, Ford, GM, Jaguar, MAN, Opel, Porsche, Saab, Seat, Skoda, Volkswagen, Volvo,Autocruise, Autoliv, Bosch, CEL, Continental Temic, Delphi, Hella, Infineon, InnoSent, Mitsubishi Electric, Siemens VDO, s.m.s., STMicroelectronics, Takata-Petri, TDK, TRW, Tyco Electronics, ValeoRaytheonSystems, Visteon.

1. Information about Automotive UWB SRR

2. Worldwide Regulatory Situation

3. Proposals for Japan

1

Dr. Gerhard RollmannSARA consortium26 March 2007

Message points from SARAActive Safety through Automotive UWB Short Range Radar (SRR)

SARA members: Audi, Avtovaz, BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Fiat, Ford, GM, Jaguar, MAN, Opel, Porsche, Saab, Seat, Skoda, Volkswagen, Volvo,Autocruise, Autoliv, Bosch, CEL, Continental Temic, Delphi, Hella, Infineon, InnoSent, Mitsubishi Electric, Siemens VDO, s.m.s., STMicroelectronics, Takata-Petri, TDK, TRW, Tyco Electronics, ValeoRaytheonSystems, Visteon. 1

SARA


Widely independent of adverse weather conditions like rain, snow, fog or soiling of sensors or objects

High resolution system is capable of reliable object tracking by using UWB

Same sensor can be used for multiple applications (sensing in all directions)

Systems/Components are availablein the market

Low cost radar technology because of widely used technology at 24GHz ISM - band.

Higher take rate than ACC alone because of safety benefit.

US FCC statement:SRR expected to offer road safety benefits similar to airbags.24GHz UWB SRR Technology could also contribute to road safety in Japan.

24GHz UWB SRR- Distronic Plus,- Brake Assist Plus (BAS Plus)- Presafe Brake, …

Example BAS Plus (*driving simulator study with 100 test subjects)

77 GHz (narrow band)- Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)


Why Automotive 24GHz UWB SRR ?

2

Accident rate*

With BAS Plus 11%

With conventional BAS 44 %


24GHz UWB--- …

77GHz ( )-

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)

2

*

BAS 11%

BAS 44 %


+


Comparison of Different Sensor Technologies

3

Source: Siemens

Radar is robust and therefore preferred for safety applications


+

++ : / + : / o : - : / - - : / n.a. :

3


Collisionwarning

Collisionmitigation

Blind spotdetection

Lane changeassistent

Rear crash collisonwarning

Stop & Go for ACC

Parking aid

Precrash

Backup parkingaid

Blind spotdetection

Complete surround sensing up to 30 m with 8 sensors

Multiple applications with one kind of sensor possible


Possible Safety Applications based on UWB SRR

4


8 30m1

4


Frequency band24.000 – 24.250 GHz

21 - 26GHz

Bandwidth250 MHz

5 GHz

Resolution R0.6 m

0.03 m

• 4 - 5 GHz operation bandwidth necessary for high local resolution

Plastic tube

Pede-strian

Motor-bike

BicycleMotor-bike

Plastic tubeDetection Capacity

5010501010100Repetition rate in ms202020202020Vertical Field of view in deg

100100100100100160Horizontal Field of view in deg0.511110.1Speed resolution in m/s0.10.10.50.10.10.05Distance resolution in m307010010020020Relative speed in km/h105208101.8Max. range in m0.50.50.30.50.20.2Min. range in m

Applications portfolio

Park

ing

Aid

Prec

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Blin

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ot

Stop

&G

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Pede

stria

nPr

otec

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Back

-up

aid


Bandwidth Requirements for SRR

5



Since cars are offered worldwide, a globally harmonized frequency regulation is very important. Already more than 50 countries over the world have approved 24GHz UWB SRR for contribution to their road safety. Canada even allows the usage before the frequency allocation is finalized.

US: Regulation in forcesince 2002

EU: European Commissionapproved the allocation in January 2005

Australia: regulated in July 2006

Canada: Frequency allocation is expected for beginning of 2007. An interim allowance was given to start using vehicles equipped with UWB SRR already in 2006.

Further countries under discussion (red bullets)

ITU allows the usage of quasi MMW band UWB SRR based on national decisions

2. Worldwide Regulatory Situation

24 GHz UWB SRR

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Frequency band: 24.15GHz +/- 2.5GHz

e.i.r.p. Average PSD:below -41.3dBm/MHz

e.i.r.p. Peak power: below 0dBm/50MHz

Only automotive purpose

Deactivation area in the vicinity of RAS, protection radius to be defined

Time limitation to be defined by prediction of penetration of car fleet

If the prediction is up to 1% based on the total number of cars in Japan;(Total number of cars in Japan 79 million cars) x 1% = (790 thousands cars(4 SRR/car in average) x (790 thousands cars) = (3.16 million SRR)(3.16 million SRR) / (Whole area in Japan 380 thousand km2) = (8.3 SRR/km2)


Interim Solution at 24 GHz band (Proposal)

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22 23 24 25 26 27Frequency (GHz)

ISM

Passiveservices

UWB Short Range Radar

Cars with 24 GHz UWB SRR are already on the market in many countriesand could contribute to road safety also in Japan right now


22 23 24 25 26 27(GHz)

ISM

UWB



Compatibility study at 24 GHz band

Compatibility study of Interim Solution at 24 GHz band (Proposal)

23.0 dB26.4dB119.5 dBTotal

3.0 dBActivity factor (ITU-R TG1/8)

20.0 dB(100% => 1%)

23.4 dB(453x4 => 8.3 SRR/km2)

10.8 dB(100 => 8.3 SRR/km2)

Equipped rate 1%8.3 SRR/km2

FSEESSRAS

-41.3 dBm/MHz

(Study Case 2)

-66.6 dBm/MHz(AMSU-A, 453cars/km2,

5% apportionment)

-91.3 dBm/MHz(100SRR/km2,

Spectral observation)

Permitted UWB Radar EIRP(ITU-R TG1/8)

-41.3 dBm/MHzUWB radar PSD EIRP

0.0 dB25.3 dB50.0 dBRequired isolation

--105.7 dBSpecific study

23.0 dB1.1 dB69.5 dBMargin

Mitigation factors

Positive margin shows also for Japan that any risk of harmful interferenceis negligible.




Long term Solution at 26 GHz band (Proposal)

Frequency band: 24.25 – 29.0 GHz(upper part of FCC R&O)

e.i.r.p. Average PSD:below -41.3dBm/MHz

Intentional emissions into the assigned frequency band,ISM guard band will protectpassive services,

No deactivation for RAS necessary

Technology available in very few years

Long term Solution - no restrictions in time or quantity Any restrictions, especially restrictions in time, could block the technology.

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29Frequency (GHz)

ISM

Passiveservices

Intentional UWB emissions24.25 – 29 GHz

Spurious emissionsbelow 24.25 GHz

UWB Short Range Radar


22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29(GHz)

ISM

UWB24.25 – 29 GHz

24.25 GHz

UWB


4.0 dB (100% => 40%)Equipped rate 40 % (ITU TG1-8)

7.0 dBTotal

7.0 dBMargin

3.0 dBActivity factor (ITU-R TG1/8)

Mitigation factors

0 dBRequired isolation

-41.3 dBm/MHzUWB radar PSD EIRP

-41.3 dBm/MHzPermitted UWB Radar EIRP ( ITU-R TG1/8 study case 2)

FS

10


Compatibility study at 26 GHz band (Proposal)

Compatibility study of Long term Solution at 26GHz band (Proposal)

Emissions into the passive band 23.6–24.0 GHz (EESS, RAS) are reduced by at least 20 dB due to the frequency shift (spurious-emissions are below -61.3 dBm/MHz) . In comparison to the 24 GHz solution this will result in an additional margin of 4 dB (car fleet 1% => 40% =16 dB) . That means 4 dB more conservative for the RAS and EESS compatibility than that of 24GHz band.

Positive margin shows that any risk of harmful interferenceis negligible.



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Low

Ear

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Geostationary OrbithGeo

Since no real system parameters are available it is straight forward to use EESS compatibility scenario and to adapt the parameters accordingly. RX antenna parameters can be assumed to be similar.

1. FSS operating in a geostationary orbit (~36000km)

EESS operating in a low earth orbit (~700-850km)resulting free space mitigation =20log(36000/850)= 32dB

2. FSS Protection criteria defined in ITU-R SA.1155

Interference threshold: -178dBm/Hz

EESS Protection criteria defined in ITU-R SA.1029-2

Interference threshold: -219dBm/HzResulting mitigation: -178dBm/MHz – (-219dBm/MHz)= 41dB

Total margin compared to EESS scenario around 24GHz: about 73dB


Compatibility - Fixed Satellite Service (Earth to Space)

11


hLeo

Low

Ear

thO

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Geostationary OrbithGeo

EESS

1. FSS (~36000km)

EESS (~700-850km)=20log(36000/850)= 32dB

2. ITU-R SA.1155 FSS

-178dBm/Hz

ITU-R SA.1029-2 EESS

-219dBm/Hz-178dBm/MHz – (-219dBm/MHz)= 41dB

24GHz EESS 73dB

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• General tendency to higher frequencies over time

• 79 GHz Frequency band is allocated in Europe

ETSI standard is in progress

• SARA members are involved in the development of the 79 GHz technology

• In the future both technologies – 26 and 79 GHz - will be available


Additional allocation of the 79 GHz band

12


•

• 77 – 81 GHz

ETSI

• SARA 79GHz

• 26GHz 79GHz

12


Start with 24 GHz

Cars with 24GHz UWB Short Range Radar are on the market in many foreign countries (in more than 50 countries including Europe and US), and can contribute to road safety also in Japan right now.

Flexible Allocation 26 GHz

Any intentional emissions into the passive band (EESS and RAS) will be avoided.

No deactivation in the vicinity of Radio Astronomy necessary

Allocation of 79 GHz Band

In future both technologies – 26 and 79 GHz - will be available


Proposals

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Thank you for your kind attention

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message points from sara...sara members: audi, avtovaz, bmw, daimlerchrysler, fiat, ford, gm,...

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