mesopotamia and ancient egypt
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Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. Chapter 10.1. Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia = “between the rivers” Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers Est. roughly around 4500 B.C. City States. Each city was considered to be an independent country or nation - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptChapter 10.1
Mesopotamia Mesopotamia = “between the rivers” Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers Est. roughly around 4500 B.C.
City States Each city was considered to be an
independent country or nation Earliest city-states arose in an area
called Sumer (est. 4000 B.C.)
Trivia question: What person from the Bible was from the city of UR?
Religion and Government At the center of each city was a ziggurat
Their religion was based on Polytheism Religious leaders were in charge of the
government (Theocracy)
Sumerians Invented the wheel and sailboat First people to keep records and write down laws Writing system was called Cuneiform
(3500B.C) Believed to have written the first story, Epic of
Gilgamesh (2000 B.C.)
Akkad and Babylon Sumer was taken over around 2300 by
the Akkad kingdom led by King Sargon Sargon was the first to create an
empire
Akkadian empire was then taken over by Babylon around 1800BC
Akkad and Babylon One of Babylon’s greatest kings was
Hammurabi Hammurabi put together one set of laws
for the entire empire called Hammurabi’s Code
Phoenicians
Lived in current day Lebanon (1200B.C.) Most important traders of their day
Helped to spread ideas and cultures around the known world
They are known for their alphabet which led to the Greek, Hebrew, and Latin alphabet
Ancient EgyptChapter 10.1
Egypt Egyptian Civilization developed along
the Nile River
Originally was split up into 2 kingdoms (Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt)
Narmer, King of Upper Egypt, Conquered Lower Egypt and united the 2 Kingdoms
Government
Egypt’s government was a theocracy, with the Pharaoh being the leader Pharaoh was considered a god and was the center of Egyptian Life
Religion Egyptians believed in many gods
Re= god of the sun Hapi= god of the Nile Osiris= god of the harvest
Religion Egyptians believed in the afterlife, and
that the soul could not live without the body
Egyptians embalmed and mummified those who could afford it
Religion The poor were buried in caves or in the
sand
The largest tombs belonged to Pharaoh
Great Pyramid of Khufu
Egyptians Form of writing = hieroglyphics
Developed math based system on the #10
Developed geometry
First to use splints and bandages for wounds
Created clocks