mesoamerica i - james monroe high school · pdf file01.04.2015 · 6 areas of...
TRANSCRIPT
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MESOAMERICA I
“Intro & Olmecs”
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6 AREAS OF MESOAMERICA
GULF COAST
MAYA
OAXACA
WESTERN MEXICO
CENTRAL MEXICO
NORTH
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MESOAMERICA
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HISTORICAL PERIODS
PRE CLASSIC PERIOD
(1500BC - 150BC)
CLASSIC PERIOD
(150BC - 900AD)
POST-CLASSIC PERIOD
(900AD – 1521 AD)
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SOURCES
1. Archeological Sources
2. Native Written Accounts
3. Spanish Written Accounts
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I. ARCHEOLOGICAL
SOURCES
A) Large Scale:
Temple platforms,”Pyramids”,
Massive architecture
B) Small Scale:
Figurines, Human remains,
Jewelry,Ceramic vases
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II. NATIVE WRITTEN
ACCOUNTS
A) Hieroglyphic Codices(Pre-Conquest)“Amoxtlis”,Indigenous books,as few as little
as a dozen in existence
B)Native Oral LiteratureSpanish translations of poems, ballads,
prayers, etc..
1) Nahuatl Language Documents
“Florentine Codex”, etc.
2) Mayan Language Documents
“Popol Vuh”, Books of Chilam
Balam
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NATIVE WRITTEN ACCOUNTS
cont..
C)Hieroglyphic Inscriptions
Found carved throughout Temples,
structures, stelaes, etc..
D)Accounts of Post-Cuahutemoc
Historians
Fernando Alvarado “Tezozomoc”
Fernando de Alva “Ixtlilxochitl
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III. SPANISH WRITTEN
ACCOUNTS
Documents, letters, histories
Cortez’s “Cartas de relacion”
Diaz’ “True Conquest of New Spain”
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“The Olmecs”
(1500 BC-250 BC)
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SOURCES
MOST INFO KNOWN IS THROUGH
ARCHEOLOGICAL REMAINS
NO SKELETAL REMAINS
REASON: ARID REGION WITH
HIGH ACIDITY IN SOIL.
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I. LARGE SCALE SOURCES:
TEMPLE MOUNDS
LARGE “COLOSAL HEADS” (KING
REPRESENTATIONS?)
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“COLOSAL HEADS”
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II. SMALL SCALE SOURCES:
ART SHOWING SMALL “CHILD-LIKE
JAGUAR BABIES”
CHARACTERISTICS: “WERE-
JAGUAR MOUTH” MOTIFF
CEREMONIAL “Kuntz axes”
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“Were-Jaguar”
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ARCHEOLOGY
M. Stirling
M. Covarrubias
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Matthew Stirling
(1896-1975)
Excavations in Olmec heartland id Olmecs as
a pre-maya civilization
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Miguel Covarrubias
(1904-1957)
Art background id Olmec
culture as being
“Mother culture”
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GEO LOCATION:
“Olmec Heartland” in modern S.
Veracruz & Tabasco. Also: Guerrero
and as far a Costa Rica.
Olmec Culture and Influence found
throughout Mexico.
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SOCIETY
The Majority of what is know about
Olmec is through their art.
Aztecs descibe them as the
“TAMOANCHAN”(Maya word) the old
society or ancestors.
Most likely “War-like” as art and
influece is found throughout
Mesoamerica.
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SOCIETY cont..
This type of cutural influence occurs
usually through military subjegation.
They were a large agricultural society
Maiz, beans, squash, chile its main
products.
Had a large trade network.
Extensively used of unusual
blu/greenjade . But with no local
source.( Motagua River, Guatemala-
2003)
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LANGUAGE
Unknown. Maybe a form of pre Mixe-
zoquen. Or pre-Maya
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RELIGION
Art was connected to belief system.
Theorized that “were-jaguar statues
are belief in “NAHUALISMO” in
human’s connection to nature.
Originated religious ball-game.
(Theorized that Colosal heads are
wearing the game helmets)
Losing opponents would be sacrificed
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Were Jaguar
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Ceremonial Ballgame
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“MOTHER CULTURE”
Influece found throughout
Mesoamerica
“Olmecoid” figures common.
Later Mesoamerican belief systems
can be traced to Olmecs.
Developed writing, numerical,
calendric systems.
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WRITING
Hieroglyphs have been found on
Olmec art, but cannot be read.
Connected to Mayan hieroglyphs
Oldest example dated to 650
BC(2003)
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Tuxtla Statue Olmec Writing
(March 14 162 AD)
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“King 3 AJAU” (650 BC)
Oldest example of Writing in the Americas
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NUMERICAL SYSTEM ..
Olmec(Usually called “Mayan”) is a vigesimal system made up of 3 symbols.
Our arab-indian numerical is a a decimal system made up of 10 symbols.
Ex: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0
Had the concept of the “0” 1000 years
before Europeans.
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Numerical system cont…..
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CALENDRIC SYSTEM
Calendar dates found throughout
Olmec art. The oldest being the
“Tuxtla Statue” = 14 March, 162 AD.
Aug 13, 3114 BC is start date of Maya
calendar. ???
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CEREMONIAL CENTERS
1) San Lorenzo( 1500 BC- 1200BC)
2) La Venta (1200 BC- 400 BC)
3) Tres Zapotes (1200 BC- 400 BC)
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DECLINE
Either through revolution or invasion.
Evidence at the 3 ceremonial centers
indicated that statues were purposely
broken, burried, and buildings burned.
By 250 BC, Olmec centers were
abandoned
Links to the Classic Maya in “Isthmus
Culture”
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La Mojarra Stelae
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