Merrill’s Component Display Theory (II)

Presentation Taxonomy

A Review of First Two Taxonomies:

• Performance taxonomy- Remember- Use- Find

• Subject-matter taxonomy (Content)- Fact- Concept- Procedure- Principle

Component Display Theory

FindCognitive

Fact ConceptProcedural

Principle

Use

Remember

Intellectual

Verbal

FindConcept

RememberConcept

UseConcept

Find procedural

UseProcedural

RememberProcedural

RememberFact

Rememberprinciple

Use Principle

Find principle

The Third Taxonomy

• Presentation taxonomy- Primary presentation- Secondary presentation

LegendE-tell/expository G-generalityI – question/inquisitoryeg-example, instance

c-contextp-prerequisitemnemenic-mnr-alternative representationFB-feedbackca-correct answerh-helpN – new exampleP-paraphrase

Component Display TheoryPerformance-PPF consistency

Presentation Practice Performance

Find

Use

RememberGenerality

Paraphrase

RememberGenerality

Verbatim

RememberInstance

Paraphrase

RememberInstance

Verbatim

EG’h, EG’p, EG’r, Eeg’h, Eeg’r

EG’mn, Eeg’h

EG, EegsIeg’r, FB’h

FB’u

Iegs.N, IG.N Iegs.N, IG.N

Iegs.N Iegs.N

FB’ca.h

Eg, Eeg IG.P IG.P

EG’mn

EG IG IG

Eeg Iegs.r Iegs.r

Eeg Ieg Ieg

Eeg’r Ieg’r, FB’ca.h

FB’ca

Component Display Theory cont’dContent-PPF consistency

Generality Instance Instance Generality Practice Practice

Fact

Concept

Procedure

Principle

Symbol – SymbolSymbol – ObjectSymbol - Event

Definition:

•Name•Superordinate class•Attributes•relationships

Example:

•Name•Object, event symbol•Attributes present•representation

Classify:

•New object event, or symbol•Attributes present•representation

State Definition:

•Name•Paraphrase or verbatim•?(definition)

Process:

•Goal ● branches•Name•Steps•Order•decisions

Demonstration:

•Goal•Name•Materials•Sequential execution•representation

Demonstration:

•Goal•New materials•Response representation

State Steps:

•Goal•Paraphrase or verbatim•Response representation

Proposition:

•Name•Component concepts•Causal relationships

Explanation:

•Name•Event, situation, orproblem•representation

Explain:

•Name•New problem•Response representation

State Relationship:

•Name•Paraphrase or verbatim•Response representation

Symbol - ?Object - ?Event - ?

Learning Objectives

Students will learn howpistons work in a four-cylinder engine.

They will learn the conceptsand procedures related to thework of pistons.

They will examine the procedures of one piston and how it works with other piston (in this case, three other pistons) to generate power.

IntakeAir/fuel mixture

Exhaust… Compression … Power …

Step 1: Identify knowledge components- Concepts- Procedures

Step 2: Identify performance levels- Remember- Use

• Primary presentation forms– Teach the general concept – Give an example

Tell/Expository (E)

Generality (G)

Instance (eg)

Rule or generality

Example

Instructional strategies for primary presentation:

EG, Eeg

• What are the issues associated with learning concepts and procedures?Concept- boundary overlap- lack of context- other?Procedure- steps/sequence- logical relationship between steps- other?

• Boundary overlap– Classifications of concepts– Dimensions of the conceptsSupport strategies:- Memorization - Context- Pre-requisites

Instructional strategies for secondary presentation:EG, EG’p, Eeg’c, EG’mn, EG’ca, EG’h, EG’r

Context EG’c Eeg’c

EG’mn EG’mn

EG’p

EG’h

EG’ca

EG Eeg

Memorization

Pre-requisites

Help

Feedback

Learning the Concept

Concept of piston

Correctly define the concept?

Objective

yes

No1

1No

EG’p

No

Prerequisites?

Concept dimensions

Yes DefinitionEG

MemorizationEG’mn

ExamplesEeg

Define conceptEG’caEG’h

…. Levels of answers and associated support

1. Correctly define the concept2. Incomplete

E.g., Sea gull is a bird (lives on fish)Support: EG’h, Eeg’c

3. Too broadE.g., Oxygen is critical to everything alive (doesn’t apply to plants)Support: EG’h, Eeg’c

Memorize definition?

Yes

No EG’hEG’ca

LegendE-expository G-generalityeg-exampleh-helpc-contextp-prerequisitemnemenic-mnr-alternative representationca-correct answer

CDT

Content-PPF consistency

Generality Instance Instance Generality Practice Practice

Fact

Concept

Procedure

Symbol e.g., p = piston

Definition:

•Name•Superordinate class•Attributes•relationships

Example:

•representation

Classify:

•representation

State Definition:

•Paraphrase or verbatim

Process:

•Steps

Demonstration:

•representation

Demonstration:

•representation

State Steps:

•Paraphrase or verbatim•representation

Symbol e.g., p = piston

Demo