mentally ill offenders and sex offenders. the problem mental illness and the lack of sufficient...
TRANSCRIPT
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Mentally Ill Offenders and Mentally Ill Offenders and Sex OffendersSex Offenders
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The ProblemThe Problem
Mental illness and the lack of sufficient mental health care have driven offenders into the CJ system for control.
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HistoryHistory
Why has society relied on the CJ system rather than the health care system to control so many mental health cases?
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HistoryHistory
• 1970s Economic Recession• Business Closings $$$$ Strained States• States Sought Budget Cuts
• Targeted Unpopular Programs• Targeted Programs With Low Voter Backlash• Saved Money• Eliminated Potential Political Liabilities
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RealityReality
Programs that cost the most and have the least impact on voting members of society usually deal with:
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What Happened?What Happened?
There was a major initiative to close state mental hospitals or greatly reduce the number of patients.
How could this be done?
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What HappenedWhat Happened
If medication worked, why was there a problem?
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How Prevalent Is The How Prevalent Is The Problem?Problem?
• More than a half million probationers and 180,000 state inmates are believed to be mentally ill.
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Who Are These Cases?Who Are These Cases?
Mentally ill probation cases most generally fit the following description.
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Corrections ProblemsCorrections Problems
• Correctional staff typically have little training in identifying and dealing with mental health cases.
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Corrections ProblemsCorrections Problems
• The problem is exacerbated with the serious psychotic offender who typically poses the greatest risk to society.
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Mentally Ill Offender ProblemsMentally Ill Offender Problems
• Understanding and Remembering Directions
• Behavioral Requirements May Difficult or Impossible to Satisfy
• Inaccessible or Overtaxed Community Mental Health Resources
• Service Integration Is Lacking
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ImplicationImplication
Effective supervision of the mentally ill correctional client population is critical.
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Some Successful StrategiesSome Successful Strategies
Some successful strategies and programs have been developed to deal with these cases.
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Specialized Mental Health Specialized Mental Health ProgramsPrograms
• Fully Utilize Existing MH Services• Locate and Use Existing MH Professionals• Develop Alternative Funding Sources
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Specialized Training For Specialized Training For Correctional StaffCorrectional Staff
• Identification and Assessment• Effective TX Modalities• Location of TX Providers• Confidentiality Laws RE: Mental Illness• Reasonable Expectations• Cross Training With MH Staff
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Specialized Supervision Specialized Supervision Policies and ProceduresPolicies and Procedures
• Specialized Caseloads• Consider Likelihood of Relapse• Develop Progressive Sanctions
• Realizing This Is A Different Client Population
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Overall GoalOverall Goal
Deal with mental health criminal cases in the most effective manner.
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Sex OffendersSex Offenders
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Public PerceptionPublic Perception
Even murderers are accepted by communities with less resistance than the average sex offender.
Why?
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Public ResistancePublic Resistance
• Nature of the Criminal Offenses• Trauma the Offenses Cause Victims• Long Term Psychological Effects
• Especially On Young Victims
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Why Use Community Why Use Community Corrections?Corrections?
Most sex offenders will eventually be released from prison.
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Keeping Track Of Keeping Track Of Sex OffendersSex Offenders
Notification Laws were established to create and maintain a central registry, which would serve as a community resource, so sex offenders would not be able to hide from citizens interested in knowing if their neighborhoods were at risk.
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Sex Offender Sex Offender Supervision StrategiesSupervision Strategies
• Offender Containment Programs• Specialized Caseloads• Interagency Cooperation Programs• Community Education Programs
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Offender Containment Offender Containment ProgramsPrograms
The goal has less to do with offender rehabilitation than with public safety.
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Offender Containment Offender Containment ProgramsPrograms
• Program Beliefs
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Offender Containment Offender Containment ProgramsPrograms
• Program Beliefs• Most sex-related crime is done in secret and
planned in advance.• Most sex offenders are high functioning
persons with well-developed social and cognitive skills.
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Offender Containment Offender Containment ProgramsPrograms
• Program Beliefs• Sex offenders typically have serious and deep-
rooted psychological problems, and they are able to create convincing facades to hide the truth about their actions.
• Sex offenders are likely to be repeat offenders and typically commit many and varied acts of sexual deviancy over the course of their lives.
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Offender Containment Offender Containment ProgramsPrograms
What do offender containment programs regard as highest priority?
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Offender Containment Offender Containment Program StructureProgram Structure
• Five Key Points• Public safety is paramount.• Sex offender POs require specialized training.• All facets of offenders life must be involved.• Maintain consistent public policy.• Ongoing program evaluation is essential.
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Specialized CaseloadsSpecialized Caseloads
Can specialized caseloads be utilized without an offender containment program approach to supervision?
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Interagency Cooperation Interagency Cooperation ProgramsPrograms
How can interagency cooperation programs enhance offender supervision and reduce the risk of recidivism?
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Community Education Community Education ProgramsPrograms
What is the major focus of community education programs in relation to sex offenders?
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Ethical QuestionsEthical Questions
• Do sex offender notification laws and community education programs infringe of sex offender rights?
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Ethical QuestionsEthical Questions
• Do sex offender notification laws and community education programs actually serve to increase the likelihood of sex offender recidivism (Labeling Theory)?
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What WorksWhat Works
The Supervision Triangle