mental state representation: insights from non-human primates, alia martin
TRANSCRIPT
Mental state representation insights from non-human primates
Alia Martin Harvard University
Lecturer, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand (2016)
Cognitive Origins
How do monkeys reason about the world around them?
cameraperson
presenter
monkey
How do monkeys reason about mental states?
Reasoning about visual perception
Flombaum & Santos (2005)
Reasoning about visual perception
Facing MONKEY Compe8tor
Facing AWAY
Compe8tor
Results
Flombaum & Santos (2005)
Santos, Nissen, & Ferrugia (2006)
Reasoning about auditory perception
Santos, Nissen, & Ferrugia (2006)
Reasoning about auditory perception
Santos, Nissen, & Ferrugia (2006)
Reasoning about auditory perception
Santos, Nissen, & Ferrugia (2006)
Reasoning about auditory perception
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
NOISY SILENT
# of Monkeys
Santos, Nissen, & Ferrugia (2006)
Results
*
Santos, Nissen, & Ferrugia (2006)
Reasoning about auditory perception
Santos, Nissen, & Ferrugia (2006)
Results
*
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
# of Monkeys
NOISY SILENT
Monkeys reason about perceptions…
What about beliefs?
Monkeys reason about perceptions…
What about beliefs?
False Beliefs in Infants
False Belief True Belief
EXPECTED EXPECTED UNEXPECTED UNEXPECTED
Results
0
5
10
15
20
25
Loo
king
Tim
e (
s)
expected unexpected expected unexpected
TRUE BELIEF FALSE BELIEF
* *
False Beliefs in Monkeys?
Do monkeys reason about beliefs to predict behavior?
Can monkeys represent false beliefs?
True Belief False Belief
EXPECTED EXPECTED UNEXPECTED UNEXPECTED
NOW: Monkey Results
.
1
2
3
4
5
0
FALSE BELIEFTRUE BELIEF
EXPECTED UNEXPECTED EXPECTED UNEXPECTED
DURA
TIO
N O
F LO
OKIN
G
(SECO
ND
S) *
Monkeys reason about perceptions…
What about beliefs?
Not to predict behavior…
Do they show any sensitivity to beliefs?
Automatic Belief Processing
Automatic Belief Processing
Kovacs, Teglas, & Endress (2010)
Kovacs, Teglas, & Endress (2010)
Automatic Belief Processing
Kovacs, Teglas, & Endress (2010)
Automatic Belief Processing
Baby Thinks Agent Thinks Outcome
empty empty empty
empty empty
empty empty
empty
EXPECTED
Automatic Belief Processing
Kovacs, Teglas, & Endress (2010)
Automatic Belief Processing
Kovacs, Teglas, & Endress (2010)
?
Automatic Belief Processing
Baby Thinks Agent Thinks Outcome
empty empty empty
empty
empty empty
empty empty
EXPECTED
UNEXPECTED
Automatic Belief Processing
Kovacs, Teglas, & Endress (2010)
Automatic Belief Processing
Kovacs, Teglas, & Endress (2010)
?
Automatic Belief Processing
Baby Thinks Agent Thinks Outcome
empty empty empty
empty
empty empty
empty empty
EXPECTED
UNEXPECTED
Automatic Belief Processing
Baby Thinks Agent Thinks Outcome
empty empty empty
empty
empty empty
empty empty
EXPECTED
UNEXPECTED
UNEXPECTED
Automatic Belief Processing
Baby Thinks Agent Thinks Outcome
empty empty empty
empty
empty empty
empty empty
EXPECTED
UNEXPECTED
UNEXPECTED
UNEXPECTED
Automatic Belief Processing
Are monkeys automatically influenced by others’ beliefs?
Automatic Beliefs in Monkeys?
Procedure
Familiarization 1
Familiarization 2
Automatic Beliefs in Monkeys?
Monkey TRUE BELIEF
Human TRUE BELIEF
Monkey FALSE BELIEF
Human FALSE BELIEF
TEST
Monkey TRUE BELIEF
Human FALSE BELIEF
Monkey FALSE BELIEF
Human TRUE BELIEF
0
1
2
3
4
Monkey TB Monkey FB
Loo
king
Tim
e (
s)
Agent TB
Agent FB
Results
Human TB
Human FB
Conclusion
Monkeys reason about perceptions - they recognize that perception leads to knowledge
No evidence that monkeys represent false beliefs
- similar findings in other nonhuman primates (e.g., chimpanzees)
Conclusion
Monkeys reason about perceptions - they recognize that perception leads to knowledge
No evidence that monkeys represent false beliefs
- similar findings in other nonhuman primates (e.g., chimpanzees)
Conclusion
Monkeys reason about perceptions - they recognize that perception leads to knowledge
No evidence that monkeys represent false beliefs
- similar findings in other nonhuman primates (e.g., chimpanzees)
Conclusion
Monkeys reason about perceptions - they recognize that perception leads to knowledge
No evidence that monkeys represent false beliefs
- similar pattern of findings in other nonhuman primates (chimpanzees)
Thank you Laurie Santos CPRC