mental health in europe: a long road ahead

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SPECIAL ISSUE - EDITORIAL Giovanni de Girolamo Giovanni Neri Mental health in Europe: a long road ahead Published online: 20 February 2007 Mental health care in Europe underwent profound changes in the last 30 years. Almost everywhere in the western European countries hospital-based care has been downsized and a concurrent increase in various forms of community care has taken place. Despite this general trend, many cross-country differences are visible: they concern the extent of the reduction in size and importance of mental hospitals, the setting up of community-based services and the parallel change in staff training, as professional resources are ultimately the crucial factor for granting a different model of treatment and care. In this perspective a major problem in the often hot discussions among professionals, and also in the very delivery of mental health care, is due to the scarce awareness of a key point spelled out by Thornicroft (2000): community care ‘is a service delivery vehicle. It can allow treatment to be offered to a patient, but is not the treatment itself. This distinction is important, as the actual ingredients of treatment have been insufficiently emphasized’ (Thornicroft 2000). A full understanding of this central point can avoid many of the practical mis- takes and of the speculative expectations in the recent past. This special issue of the European Archives of Psy- chiatry and Neurological Science includes four contri- butions aimed at providing a clear and largely comparable picture of the current state of mental health care in four main European countries: France, Ger- many, Italy and the U.K. As we noted above, these contributions show that, while the tendency for the homogenization of dif- ferent systems of care in Europe, as well as of most aspects of societal sectors and values, is in place, a long road remains to be made in order to achieve a real homogeneity between mental health services in different countries composing the European mosaic. Most of these differences and many of the service shortcomings have to do with the gap between the acquisition of knowledge and its application: the re- sults of most research studies are not opportunely transformed into improved patient care and more cost/effective organization of services. Indeed, new knowledge—if applied—is frequently implemented inadequately, inappropriately, and inconsistently. It is our hope that the contributions included in this issue of the EAPNS will help clinicians, researchers and policy planners cope with these dif- ficult challenges of the future. Reference 1. Thornicroft G (2000) Testing and retesting assertive community treatment. Psychiatr Serv 51, 703 G. de Girolamo (&) Department of Mental Health AUSL di Bologna Viale Pepoli, 5 40123 Bologna, Italy Tel.: +39-051/6584204 Fax: +39-051/6492322 E-Mail: [email protected] G. Neri Department of Mental Health AUSL di Modena Via Emilia Ovest 348 41100 Modena, Italy Tel.: +39-059/8896686 Fax: +39-059/8896683 E-Mail: [email protected] Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (2007) 257:63 DOI 10.1007/s00406-006-0692-0 EAPCN 692

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Page 1: Mental health in Europe: a long road ahead

SPECIAL ISSUE - EDITORIAL

Giovanni de Girolamo Æ Giovanni Neri

Mental health in Europe: a long road ahead

Published online: 20 February 2007

Mental health care in Europe underwent profoundchanges in the last 30 years. Almost everywhere in thewestern European countries hospital-based care hasbeen downsized and a concurrent increase in variousforms of community care has taken place. Despite thisgeneral trend, many cross-country differences arevisible: they concern the extent of the reduction insize and importance of mental hospitals, the settingup of community-based services and the parallelchange in staff training, as professional resources areultimately the crucial factor for granting a differentmodel of treatment and care.

In this perspective a major problem in the oftenhot discussions among professionals, and also inthe very delivery of mental health care, is due tothe scarce awareness of a key point spelled out byThornicroft (2000): community care ‘is a servicedelivery vehicle. It can allow treatment to be offeredto a patient, but is not the treatment itself. Thisdistinction is important, as the actual ingredients oftreatment have been insufficiently emphasized’(Thornicroft 2000). A full understanding of thiscentral point can avoid many of the practical mis-takes and of the speculative expectations in therecent past.

This special issue of the European Archives of Psy-chiatry and Neurological Science includes four contri-butions aimed at providing a clear and largelycomparable picture of the current state of mental healthcare in four main European countries: France, Ger-many, Italy and the U.K.

As we noted above, these contributions show that,while the tendency for the homogenization of dif-ferent systems of care in Europe, as well as of mostaspects of societal sectors and values, is in place, along road remains to be made in order to achieve areal homogeneity between mental health services indifferent countries composing the European mosaic.

Most of these differences and many of the serviceshortcomings have to do with the gap between theacquisition of knowledge and its application: the re-sults of most research studies are not opportunelytransformed into improved patient care and morecost/effective organization of services. Indeed, newknowledge—if applied—is frequently implementedinadequately, inappropriately, and inconsistently.

It is our hope that the contributions included inthis issue of the EAPNS will help clinicians,researchers and policy planners cope with these dif-ficult challenges of the future.

Reference

1. Thornicroft G (2000) Testing and retesting assertive communitytreatment. Psychiatr Serv 51, 703

G. de Girolamo (&)Department of Mental HealthAUSL di BolognaViale Pepoli, 540123 Bologna, ItalyTel.: +39-051/6584204Fax: +39-051/6492322E-Mail: [email protected]

G. NeriDepartment of Mental HealthAUSL di ModenaVia Emilia Ovest 34841100 Modena, ItalyTel.: +39-059/8896686Fax: +39-059/8896683E-Mail: [email protected]

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (2007) 257:63 DOI 10.1007/s00406-006-0692-0E

AP

CN

692