Mental Disorders

Mental Disorders

• An illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life.

• About 20% of the US population (54 million people) are affected by some mental disorder

• Of the 20% of adolescents who suffer from a mental disorder, only 1/3 receive the help they need!

Why people don’t get help!

• People feel embarrassed or ashamed

• A stigma is a negative label or a mark of shame

• Misconceptions and stereotypes

• However, mental disorders require medical attention just as physical illnesses do!

Types of Mental Disorders

• 2 types:– Organic-caused by a physical illness or an injury

that affects the brain (brain tumors, infections, chemical imbalances, exposure to drugs, or injuries)

– Functional-has a psychological cause and does not involve brain damage (heredity, stress, emotional conflict, fear, ineffective coping skills)

Anxiety Disorders

• A condition in which real or imagined fears are difficult to control

• 4 million people in the US suffer from this disorder

• Often people arrange their lives to avoid situations that make them feel anxious or fearful

• 4 main types: phobias, obsessive-compulsive, panic, and post traumatic

Phobias

• A strong irrational fear of something specific, such as high places or dogs

• People with phobias do everything they can to avoid the object of their fear. As a result, a person with a phobia may be unable to live a normal life.

• Puppy Phobia• Pickle Phobia

Different Phobias-pick 3 to write down

– Achluophobia- Fear of darkness.– Alektorophobia- Fear of chickens.– Altophobia- Fear of heights.– Ambulophobia- Fear of walking. – Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter

sticking to the roof of the mouth. – Autodysomophobia- Fear of one that has a

vile odor. – Automatonophobia- Fear of ventriloquist's

dummies, animatronic creatures, wax statues

– Bibliophobia- Fear of books. – Brontophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.– Caligynephobia- Fear of beautiful women. – Coulrophobia- Fear of clowns. – Dextrophobia- Fear of objects at the right

side of the body.– Didaskaleinophobia- Fear of going to school. – Enochlophobia- Fear of crowds.

– Geniophobia- Fear of chins. – Gerontophobia- Fear of old people – Hamartophobia- Fear of sinning. – Lachanophobia- Fear of vegetables. – Logizomechanophobia- Fear of

computers. – Numerophobia- Fear of numbers. – Octophobia - Fear of the figure 8. – Panophobia or Pantophobia- Fear of

everything. – Peladophobia- Fear of bald people. – Pogonophobia- Fear of beards. – Selachophobia- Fear of sharks. – Sesquipedalophobia- Fear of long words. – Testophobia- Fear of taking tests. – Thanatophobia or Thantophobia- Fear of

death or dying. – Zemmiphobia- Fear of the great mole rat.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

• People with obsessive-compulsive disorder are trapped in a pattern of repeated thoughts or behaviors

• Inside Edition

Panic Disorder

• A person with a panic disorder has sudden, unexplained feelings of terror

• Panic attack symptoms:– Trembling, a pounding heart,

shortness of breath, or dizziness• Panic attacks can occur any

time or place, but most are triggered by a particular object, condition or situation

• True Life: I Panic

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

• A condition that may develop after exposure to a terrifying event that threatened or caused physical harm

• This disorder is common after an assault, natural or human-made disasters, accidents, or military combat

• Symptoms: nightmares, emotional numbness, sleeplessness, guilt, and problems with concentrating

• True Life-I have PTSD

Clinical Depression

• Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or despair that last for more than a few weeks and interfere with daily interests and activities

• Can affect a persons ability to sleep, concentrate, perform at school or work, or handle everyday decisions and challenges

• Clinical depression results from a chemical imbalance that a person cannot overcome without professional help

• 19 million Americans are affected by clinical depression each year!

Bipolar Disorder

• Marked by extreme mood changes, energy levels, and behavior.

• Manic “highs” and depressive “lows”

• Teens with this disorder tend to alternate rapidly between the two extremes with few clear periods of wellness

Eating Disorders

• Psychological pressures, possible genetic factors, and obsessions with body image and thinness can lead to eating disorders

• Anorexia-irrational fear of becoming obese results in sever weight loss from self-imposed starvation

• Bulimia-some form of purging or clearing of the digestive tract follows cycles of overeating

• Can experience a wide range of physical health complications

• True Life: I have an eating disorder

Schizophrenia• A severe mental disorder in which a

person loses contact with reality• Symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, and

thought disorders• Causes: a combination of genetic factors

and chemical and structural changes in the brain

• Affect 1% of the population• First appears between the ages of 15 and

35• Professional help and medication are

necessary to successfully treat schizophrenia

• True Life: I have schizophrenia

Personality Disorders

• People afflicted with personality disorders think and behave in ways that make it difficult for them to get along with others

• About 10% of the population has a personality disorder• Antisocial-tend to be irritable, aggressive, impulsive,

violent, and unable to show remorse• Borderline-frequently experience a series of troubled

relationships, engage in high risk activities, and have poor self-esteem

• Passive-aggressive-often uncooperative, resent being told what to do, angry over issues of control

Help Defeat the Social Stigma

• Use respectful language when referring to a person with a mental disorder

• Emphasize abilities over limitations• Express disapproval if someone shows

disrespect or inconsideration toward people with mental disorders

• Encourage people who have emotional problems to seek help

Mental Health Professionals• Psychiatrist-physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating,

can prescribe medication• Neurologist-physician who specializes in organic disorders of the

brain and nervous system• Clinical Psychologist-professional who diagnosis and treats

emotional and behavioral disorders, cannot prescribe medication• Counselor-professional who works to help people with personal

and educational matters• Psychiatric Social Worker-professional who provides guidance

and treatments with emotional problems (mental hospital, mental health clinic, family service agency)

• School Psychologist-professional who specializes in problems of schoolchildren

Therapy Methods

• Psychotherapy-ongoing dialogue between a patient and a mental health professional

• Behavior therapy-treatment process that focuses on changing unwanted behaviors through rewards and reinforcements

• Cognitive therapy-treatment method designed to identify and correct distorted thinking patterns that can lead to feelings and behaviors that may be troublesome, self-defeating, or self-destructive

• Group therapy-treating a group of people who have similar problems and who meet regularly with a trained counselor

• Biomedical therapy-use of certain medications to treat or reduce the symptoms of a mental disorder

• Group Therapy

Mental Disorders

• An illness of the mind that can affect the ___________, ________, and ___________ of a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life.

• About ___% of the US population (54 million people) are affected by some mental disorder

• Of the ___% of adolescents who suffer from a mental disorder, only 1/3 receive the help they need!

Why people don’t get help!

• People feel embarrassed or ashamed•

• Misconceptions and stereotypes• However, mental disorders require medical

attention just as physical illnesses do!

Types of Mental Disorders

• 2 types:– ___________-caused by a physical illness or an

injury that affects the brain (brain tumors, infections, chemical imbalances, exposure to drugs, or injuries)

– ____________-has a psychological cause and does not involve brain damage (heredity, stress, emotional conflict, fear, ineffective coping skills)

Anxiety Disorders

• A condition in which real or imagined fears are difficult to control

• ___ million people in the US suffer from this disorder

• Often people arrange their lives to avoid situations that make them feel anxious or fearful

• 4 main types: _________, ________________, __________, and ______________

Phobias

• A strong ___________ fear of something specific, such as high places or dogs• People with phobias do everything they can to

avoid the object of their fear. As a result, a person with a phobia may be unable to _______________.

Different Phobias– Achluophobia- Fear of darkness.– Alektorophobia- Fear of chickens.– Altophobia- Fear of heights.– Ambulophobia- Fear of walking. – Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter

sticking to the roof of the mouth. – Autodysomophobia- Fear of one that has a

vile odor. – Automatonophobia- Fear of ventriloquist's

dummies, animatronic creatures, wax statues

– Bibliophobia- Fear of books. – Brontophobia- Fear of thunder and

lightning.– Caligynephobia- Fear of beautiful women. – Coulrophobia- Fear of clowns. – Dextrophobia- Fear of objects at the right

side of the body.– Didaskaleinophobia- Fear of going to

school. – Enochlophobia- Fear of crowds.

– Geniophobia- Fear of chins. – Gerontophobia- Fear of old people – Hamartophobia- Fear of sinning. – Lachanophobia- Fear of vegetables. – Logizomechanophobia- Fear of

computers. – Numerophobia- Fear of numbers. – Octophobia - Fear of the figure 8. – Panophobia or Pantophobia- Fear of

everything. – Peladophobia- Fear of bald people. – Pogonophobia- Fear of beards. – Selachophobia- Fear of sharks. – Sesquipedalophobia- Fear of long

words. – Testophobia- Fear of taking tests. – Thanatophobia or Thantophobia- Fear

of death or dying. – Zemmiphobia- Fear of the great mole

rat.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

• People with obsessive-compulsive disorder are ___________ in a pattern of ___________ thoughts or behaviors

Panic Disorder

• A person with a panic disorder has ________, _____________ feelings of terror

• Panic attack symptoms:– ____________, a pounding heart, shortness of

breath, or __________• Panic attacks can occur any time or place, but

most are triggered by a _______________, condition or situation

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

• A condition that may develop after exposure to a _____________ event that threatened or caused physical harm

• This disorder is common after an _________, natural or human-made disasters, _________, or military combat

• Symptoms: ______________, emotional numbness, _____________, guilt, and ____________________

Mood Disorders

• An illness, often with an _________ cause, that involves mood extremes that interfere with everyday living

• The emotional swings of mood disorders are extreme in both intensity and duration

Clinical Depression

• Feelings of _________, _______________, or ____________ last for more than a few weeks and interfere with daily interests and activities

• Can affect a persons ability to ____________, concentrate, ___________________, or handle everyday decisions and challenges

• Clinical depression results from a ________________________that a person cannot overcome without professional help

• ___ million Americans are affected by clinical depression each year!

Bipolar Disorder

• Marked by extreme ____________, energy levels, and __________.

• Manic “highs” and depressive “lows”• Teens with this disorder tend to alternate

rapidly between the two extremes with few clear periods of wellness

Flip Sides of Mood Disorders for Teens

Manic Symptoms• Extreme changes in mood• • Very high energy level• • Distractibility•

Depressive Symptoms• Irritability• • Loss of enjoyment•

• Low energy level•

Eating Disorders

• Psychological pressures, possible genetic factors, and obsessions with body image and thinness can lead to eating disorders

• _____________-irrational fear of becoming obese results in sever weight loss from self-imposed starvation

• _____________-some form of purging or clearing of the digestive tract follows cycles of overeating

• Can experience a wide range of physical health complications

Conduct Disorders

• A pattern of behavior in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violated (________, theft, ____________, violence, __________, arson, and ___________)

• More common among ________ then ________

• Have low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse

Schizophrenia

• A sever mental disorder in which a person loses contact with reality

• Symptoms: _____________, hallucinations, and __________________

• Causes: a combination of ___________ factors and _________ and ___________ changes in the brain

• Affect ___% of the population• First appears between the ages of ___ and ___• Professional help and medication are necessary to

successfully treat schizophrenia

Personality Disorders

• People afflicted with personality disorders think and behave in ways that make it difficult for them to get along with others

• About ___% of the population has a personality disorder• _____________-tend to be irritable, aggressive, impulsive,

violent, and unable to show remorse• _____________-frequently experience a series of troubled

relationships, engage in high risk activities, and have poor self-esteem

• _____________-often uncooperative, resent being told what to do, angry over issues of control

Help Defeat the Social Stigma

• Use respectful language when referring to a person with a mental disorder

• • Express disapproval if someone shows

disrespect or inconsideration toward people with mental disorders

•

Mental Health Professionals• ________________-physician who specializes in diagnosing and

treating, can prescribe medication• ________________-physician who specializes in organic

disorders of the brain and nervous system• ________________-professional who diagnosis and treats

emotional and behavioral disorders, cannot prescribe medication• ____________-professional who works to help people with

personal and educational matters• ___________________-professional who provides guidance and

treatments with emotional problems (mental hospital, mental health clinic, family service agency)

• _________________-professional who specializes in problems of schoolchildren

Therapy Methods

• _______________-ongoing dialogue between a patient and a mental health professional

• _______________-treatment process that focuses on changing unwanted behaviors through rewards and reinforcements

• _______________-treatment method designed to identify and correct distorted thinking patterns that can lead to feelings and behaviors that may be troublesome, self-defeating, or self-destructive

• _____________-treating a group of people who have similar problems and who meet regularly with a trained counselor

• _______________-use of certain medications to treat or reduce the symptoms of a mental disorder