The Coming Decade of DiscoveryGeorge Musser

Snowball XXXIII – 3 March 2007

Gauguin, D'où venons-nous? Que sommes-nous? Où allons-nous?

The Past Decade of DiscoveryGeorge Musser

Snowball XLIII – 4 March 2017

The View in 2007

Many particle physicists look upon the past 15 years as an era of consolidation, rather than ferment. Yet even as the Standard Model gains ever more comprehensive experimental support, experiment and observation have yielded a growing list of phenomena that lie outside its purview…. Taken together, the notable accomplishments in theory and experiment point to a very lively decade ahead. Perhaps we will look back to see that revolution has been brewing all along.

—Chris Quigg (Fermilab) in Sci Am Nov 07

The Tree of Physics

Mercury Nov/Dec 97

The Large Hadron Collider

CERN-SI-0107014_01

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Particle Accelerators 101

www.atlas.ch/multimedia/animation_lhc_event.html; CERN-EX-0401001

CERN-AC-0510028_01, LHC-PHO-1999-119

CERN-EX-0610010_03

www.opensciencegrid.org/images/06-0141-20D.jpg

press.web.cern.ch/press/PressReleases/Releases2007/PR01.07E.html

Solenoid Lowered Into CMS Detector28 Feb 07

LHC Trivia

• Accelerates protons to c – 10 km/hr• 3,000 bunches of 100 billion protons each,

spaced 25 nanoseconds (7 meters) apart, doing 11,000 loops a second

• Beam current: 0.5 Amp• Total power consumption: 120 MW• One DVD’s worth of data every five seconds

Other Discovery Machines

www.auger.org; glast.gsfc.nasa.gov; sci.esa.int; snap.lbl.gov

Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory (2007)

Joint Dark Energy Mission (2013)

Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (2007)

Planck Surveyor (2008)

1. What Doctor Higgs Ordered

CERN-EX-9710002_05www.physics.rutgers.edu/~evahal/sip/sip_20061003.pdf

2. Supersymmetry

Science 299:1171 (2003)

www.ippp.dur.ac.uk/~georg/lhcilc/cern0702/lhclco_tricomi.pdf; iguanacms.web.cern.ch/iguanacms/gallery-page4.html

Creation of Gluinos

3. The Matter Formerly Known as Dark

Sean Carroll (cosmicvariance.com/wp-images/dmmotivator_01.jpg)

Dark Matter Comes Down to Earth

collargroup.uchicago.edu

Michael Kuhlen and Jürg Diemand

The Milky Way, by the Glow of “Dark” Matter

4. Cosmological Inconstant

Overall Composition of the Universe

Ostriker & Steinhardt, Sci Am Jan 01

Can You Find the Supernovae?

STScI-2006-52

Peter Garnavich (Notre Dame)

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72

5. The Other Dark Energy

Cosmic Microwave Background

map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_ig/060913/CMB_ILC_Map75BK.jpg

Cosmic Microwave BackgroundWith Polarization

map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_ig/060917/CMB_ILC_PolMap75bk.jpg

Cosmic Microwave BackgroundWith Polarization Swirls

astro-ph/9807319

Ripples in Spacetime

www.einstein-online.info/en/spotlights/gw_waves

QuickTime™ and aGIF decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aGIF decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aGIF decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Cosmic Microwave BackgroundShaped by Gravitational Waves

astro-ph/9807319

Inflation:I Feel It in My GUT

6. Gravitational Waves (Direct Detection)

Catching the Waves

www.ligo.caltech.edu; geo600.aei.mpg.de; www.ego-gw.it; lisa.jpl.nasa.gov

LIGO (2002)

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (2015)

GEO 600 (2002)

Virgo (2003)

If You HadGravitationalWave Vision

www.srl.caltech.edu/lisa/graphics/06.LISA.sky.jpg

7. Things Fall Apart

www-sk.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/whatsnew/new_060711-e.html

ale.physics.sunysb.edu/superk/physics/nucleon-decay/;www.pp.rhul.ac.uk/hep/pubs2/1999/Tbilisi.ppt

d

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u

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u

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0

8. D.I.Y. Black Holes

iguanacms.web.cern.ch/iguanacms/gallery-page4.html

Sci Am May 05

Black Holes and Extra Dimensions

Sci Am May 05

9. Other Universes

The Cosmic Coincidence

You are here

Sci Am Jan 01

Sci Am Feb 07

Dark Energy Nips Cosmic Structures in the Bud

Dwarf Galaxies and Successors

AAT 76 (from STScI-2000-33); STScI-2005-04; Nature 443:186 (2006)

47 Tucanae Small Magellanic Cloud

IOK-1

Is It Really Such a Coincidence?

You are here

Sci Am Jan 01

10. Other Earths

The Earth-Finders

www.extrasolar-planets.com; planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/images/SIM_Concept2006.jpg; origins.jpl.nasa.gov/habitable-planets/images/ra6in13-coronagraph.jpg;

sci.esa.int/science-e-media/img/4c/35292.jpg

COROT (2006)

TPF/Darwin Interferometer (2020)

Space Interferometry Mission (2014)

TPF Coronagraph (2014)

planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Navigator/material/SIMPlanetSearching.ppt; origins.jpl.nasa.gov/habitable-planets/images/ra6in13-coronagraph.jpg

Wobble From SIM Image From TPF-C

Exo-Earth Spectrum From TPF-I

nai.arc.nasa.gov/year5/year4.cfm?PageAction=5&Section=11&Page=57&Proj=547

H20

CH4 CO2O3

1. HIGGSwhy is the weak force weak?

2. SUPERSYMMETRYhow does the other half live?

3. DARK MATTERwho’s da boss?

4. DARK ENERGYwhat is the invisible hand?

5. INFLATIONwhy did space go bang?

6. GRAVITATIONAL WAVEScan gravity send signals?

7. PROTON DECAYis your body falling apart?

8. CUTE LITTLE BLACK HOLESare there extra dimensions?

9. ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLEare there other universes?

10. OTHER EARTHSare there other creatures asking these same questions?

For a copy of the talk, visit blog.sciam.com next week

Backup Slides

Achievements of 1997–2007

1.Neutrino mass2.Top quark3.CP violation4.Dark matter5.Dark energy6.Conceptual problems

Alex Kim (LBL)

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Discovery of Squarks

Dave Newbold (www.phy.bris.ac.uk/gallery/illustration-018.jpg)

Cosmology Fundamental Physics

• Mysteries

• The Great Big Particle Accelerator in the Sky

• The Great Big Microscope in the Sky

Cosmic Eras

Inflation Era

Radiation Era

Matter Era

Dark Energy Era

Other Cool Things

• Signals from before the big bang (Planck satellite, gravitational-wave observatories)

• Evidence that spacetime is discrete (gamma-ray dispersion, interferometer fluctuations, GHZ limit)

• CP violation

CERN-EX-9710002_10 CERN-EX-9710002_05

www.physics.rutgers.edu/~evahal/sip/sip_20061003.pdf

Creation of Gluinos

iguanacms.web.cern.ch/iguanacms/gallery-page4.htmlwww.ippp.dur.ac.uk/~georg/lhcilc/cern0702/lhclco_tricomi.pdf; iguanacms.web.cern.ch/iguanacms/gallery-page4.html

Overall Composition of the Universe

Ostriker & Steinhardt, Sci Am Jan 01