meningococcemia
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MENINGOCOCCEMIA
![Page 2: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
I. Definition Meningococcemia is the presence of
meningococcus in the bloodstream. It is an acute and potentially life-
threatening infection of the bloodstream that commonly leads to inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis).
Occurs most commonly in children and young adults
![Page 3: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
II. Other names
Meningococcal septicemia
Meningococcal blood poisoning
Meningococcal bacteremia
![Page 4: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
III. Infectious agent’s profileEtiologic agent: Neisseria meningitidis
Gram (-) bacteria
Frequently lives in a person's upper respiratory tract
![Page 5: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Neisseria meningitidis
![Page 6: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Incubation period:
2-10 days (ave. 3-4 days)
Mode of transmission:
Direct contact through respiratory droplets from nose and throat of infected persons.
![Page 7: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chain of Infection (Meningococcemia)
Neisseria meningitidis
Man
Man
Respiratory tract Respiratory Secretions Direct contact
![Page 8: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
IV. Clinical manifestationEarly signs
- High grade fever for 1st 24 hours
- Weakness
- Joint and muscle pain
- Spotty red or purple rash (petechiae)
Later signs
- Widespread purpura and ecchymoses
- Meningeal irritation like: * Headache * Nausea and vomiting * Stiff neck
-Seizure / Convulsion
![Page 9: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
V. Diagnostic Examinations(1) Blood culture
Is a microbiological culture of blood.
It is employed to detect infections that are spreading through the bloodstream
![Page 12: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Lumbar puncture(2) Complete Blood Count
(3) Lumbar punctureto obtain spinal fluid sample for CSF cultureFetal positionA spinal needle is inserted between the lumbar vertebraeL3/L4 or L4/L5
![Page 13: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
(4) Skin biopsy and gram stainA skin biopsy is a procedure in which a sample of skin tissue is removed, processed, and examined under a microscope.
(5) UrinalysisA urinalysis (or "UA") is an array of tests performed on urine and one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis.
![Page 14: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
VI. Treatment Antibiotics-Penicillin G-Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)-Cefotaxime (Claforan)-Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole
(Bactrim, Septra)
![Page 15: Meningococcemia](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070302/546dcecfb4af9f09738b4a61/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
VII. Prevention and Control(1) Respiratory isolation of patients for the
first 24 hours(2) Vaccination
Although a vaccine is available for meningococcus, it is still difficult to produce a vaccine for the type B organism
(3) Health education(4) Self-awareness