mendel and punnett squares - weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · mendel...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mendel and Punnett Squares
![Page 2: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DAY 1
• MENDEL AND HIS PEAS
• HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID PUNNETT SQUARE
![Page 3: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Father of Genetics • Gregor Mendel- known as the
father of genetics.
• He genetically crossed pea plants to determine how traits or characteristics were passed down.
• He started by looking at the inheritance patterns of a single character: a monohybrid cross
![Page 4: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mendel’s Conclusions 1. Passing traits to Offspring:
1. An Individual’s characteristics are controlled by factors (genes) that are passed from parents to their offspring
2. Dominant and Recessive Alleles:
1. Principle of Dominance: some alleles are dominant and some are recessive
![Page 5: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Probability
•We cannot always know the exact outcome of a genetic cross but we can predict the possible outcomes using probability
• The best ways to predict the outcome of a genetic cross is to use a diagram known as a Punnett Square
![Page 6: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How to Punnett Square 1. Write the genotypes that will serve at the parents of the cross
2. Determine what alleles would be found in all possible gametes
3. Draw a box with 4 squares. Write the genotypes of the parents on the left and top of the squares, 1 letter per square.
4. Fill in the table by combining the gametes’ genotypes
5. Determine the genotype and phenotype of each possible offspring
![Page 7: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Examples
1. Cross a heterozygous male for Brown hair with a blond female. (Brown hair is dominant) What percentage of the offspring will be blond?
2. Cross 2 heterozygous parents. What are the genotypes and phenotypes possible?
![Page 8: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Day 2
• Mendel’s new rules
• Dihybrid Crosses
![Page 10: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Law of Independent Assortment • Genes for different traits can separate by
themselves during the formation of gametes.
![Page 11: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Codominance
![Page 12: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Incomplete Dominance
![Page 13: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Multiple Alleles
![Page 14: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Polygenic Traits
![Page 15: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
DiHybrid Crosses When two genes/factors are crossed
1. Write the genotypes of the parents
2. Determine what allele combinations could be made in all the possible gametes
3. Each parent can make 4 different types of gametes so the table needs to have 16 boxes. Write each gametes for the parents on the top and left side
4. Fill the boxes by combining the genotypes. Keep like letters together and write capital letters first.
5. Determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring.
![Page 17: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Practice
• Cross two heterozygous yellow, round peas.
![Page 18: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Short Cut The Multiplication Rule!
![Page 19: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Sex-Linked Traits
• The genes located on the X and Y chromosomes show a pattern known as sex-linkage.
• Males – XY
• Females – XX
• In a male (XY) only the X chromosome must carry it to show the disease. (XhY)
• In females (XX), both X chromosomes must have the recessive allele. (XhXh)
![Page 25: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Common Sex-Linked Traits In Humans:
• Colorblindness
• Hemophilia
• Muscular Dystrophy
Calico Cats:
Tricolored cats whose fur spots are controlled by the X chromosome. Most calico cats are female.
![Page 26: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Normal color Vision
Monochromate Vision
![Page 27: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
NORMAL
![Page 28: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
RED/GREEN color blind
![Page 29: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Color deficient does not read
![Page 30: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Hemophilia:
![Page 31: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Muscular Dystrophy
•In the US, 1 out of 3,000 males are born with the disease.
![Page 32: Mendel and Punnett Squares - Weeblypelphreyscience.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/8/5888586/... · Mendel and Punnett Squares . DAY 1 •MENDEL AND HIS PEAS •HOW TO SET UP A MONOHYBRID](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050315/5f77a7e272aae6030d0b9a91/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Punnett Square with X-Linked