menara mesiniaga building science report

MENARA MESINIAGA

MALAYSIA

Architect : Ken Yeang

Project 1 : Case Study: Identifying innovative passive design strategies

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

NATURAL AND MAN-MADE FACTOR

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

SUN ANALYSIS WIND ANALYSIS THERMAL ANALYSIS

CONCEPT ANALYSIS

REFERENCE LIST

1 - 4

5 - 8

9 - 11

12 - 17

18 - 21

22 - 27

28 - 30

31 - 34

TITLE PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION : The Building “The building that took benefits from natural renewable sources”

Project:

Location:

Case Study: Identifying innovative passive design strategies

Subang Jaya, Malaysia.

Building: Menara Mesiniaga

“we’ll see green buildings long before 2020 — I think the movement is intensifying. Within the next 5-10 years we’ll see a lot more green buildings being built. Not just buildings but green cities, green environment, green master plans, green products, green lifestyles, green transportation. I’m very optimistic.”Ken Yeang, Quote

Introduction

Architect: Ken Yeang

The futuristic bio-climatic tower, Menara

Mesiniaga, also known as IBM tower was

built in Subang Jaya, Malaysia in 1992. The

tower which belongs to MesiniagaBerhad,

was designed and built by the architect

Kenneth Yeang using his 10 years research

into bio-climatic design principle.

According to the case study done by Bill

Chan “ The bioclimatic high-rise is a tall

building with passive low energy benefits,

achieved through design responses to the

climate of the place and through optimizing

the use of the locality’s ambient energies,

to enhance the quality of life and comfort

for its occupants”.

Climate

Climatically both Singapore and Malaysia

are a hot and humid country;The city of

Kuala Lumpur is situated 3° North of the

equator.According to the report by

Safamanesh (1995), rainfall in Malaysia is

heavier along the East coast than the

West coast. Most urban and agricultural

land is on the West coast and,

consequently, so is most of the

population. Due to its position relative to

the equator, the country has no distinct

winter or summer and temperatures are

consistently somewhere between 20c

and 40c with humidity level between 60

and 70 percent.

Green Certification

Menara Mesiniaga received the Aga

Khan Award for Architecture. This is

possible due to Kenneth Yeang’s

ten-year research into bio-climatic

principles for the design of medum-to-

tall buildings. These concepts can be

applied to many-storied structures in

tropical climates

(The Aga Khan Development Network,

2007).

1

Title Image 1 & 2 :Mesiniaga Logo and Aga Kahn Award Logo

TopImage 3: View of the building from the main entrance

BottomImage 4: View of thebuilding from its surrounding greenery.The sloped berm can be seen on the left side of the image.

2

The building sits beside a highway towering above a mixture of unplanned

structure and environment; a lake which can be seen from every level of the

building, some residential complexes and townhouses, office buildings, and a

mosque. There is also a medical centre which is within view of the building.

Overall, many of the surrounding buildings are low budget adaptations of older

houses. The natural landscaping catches the eye’s attention with a substantial

amount of growth within the area, in respect to community development. The

traffic ranges from moderate to congested at certain hours of the day, due to

the existence of the federal highway nearby.

SITE LOCATIONTopImage 5: Site Plan of Menara Mesiniaga

3

Plans, Sections ,drawings

Image 6Ground Floor Plan of Menara Mesiniaga

Image 7East Elevation of Menara Mesiniaga

Image 8South West Elevation of Menara Mesiniaga

Image 9Section of Menara Mesiniaga

4

NATURAL AND MAN- MADE FACTOR“How is the thermal environment of Menara Mesiniaga affected

by natural and man-made factors?”

Mesiniaga’s verticality allows exposure to the full extent of heat, weather and

temperatures. Mesiniaga’s exoskeleton which are the exposed steel and rein-

forced concrete structure helps to reflect the sun, and the entirely exposed col-

umns and beams are open to cross ventilated cooling. This single core services

are built on the hot side which is on the east.

Built FormTopImage 10: Part of Elevation on Menara Mesiniaga

5

In order to shelter and insulate the lowest three levels from the morning sun,

artificial sloping landscape was created to connect the land to the verticality of

the building. Moreover, its circular spiralling body with landscaped sky courts

that helps cools, ventilates and provide a space for occupants to relief.

Planting and Sky a Garden TopImage 11: Sky Garden in Menara Mesiniaga

6

Curtain wall glazing which are the garden insets provided on the north

and south side helps reduce solar gain and provide thermal comfort for the

occupants while the recessed and shaded windows are on the east and west

side as a response to the tropical sun path. Moreover, cantilevering rooftop pool

and a gym with curvilinear roof on the south facade helps provide thermal

comfort for users of the facilities especially during the high-angled afternoon sun.

Furthermore, the pool insulates and reflects the overhead sun.

Solar orientation and shading devicesTopImage 12: Part of Elevation on Menara Mesiniaga that shows cantilevering roof top pool

7

Large multi-storey transitional spaces provides airflow in between the

zones and provide better circulation of hot and cool air in and out of the building.

Moreover, the permeable external walls of the building provides cross ventilation

even in air conditioned spaces. Air movement is encouraged underneath the

building, specifically at the lobby entrance as it is half open to the surrounding

land while the other half is circled by the sloped berm.

VentilationTopImage 13: The lobby entrance which is the half open to the surrounding land

8

CLIMATE ANALYSIS“The basic analysis to understand the character of the site, Climate”

Climate Data

Climate Location Malaysia

Figure 1: Annual Relative Humidity for Kuala Lumpur

Figure 2: Annual Maximum Temperature for Kuala Lumpur

TemperatureLocation Malaysia

9

Figure 3: Annual Minimum Temperature for Kuala Lumpur

Figure 4:Annual Average Temperature for Kuala Lumpur

10

The Figure 1 shows that Kuala Lumpur has

a high relative humidity in the range of 80% - 85%.

Malaysia has a tropical wet climate with no dry or

cold season as it is constantly moist due to

year-round rainfall.

With relations to building design, it is better

to include passive ventilation by having windows

open on opposite sides of the building to maintain

a good cross air flow and eliminate interior

humidity build up.

Humidity

Based on the Temperature’s graph

(Figure 2, 3 and 4) the annual average

temperature is around 26.6 degrees Celsius. On

average, the warmest month is in April while the

coolest is September. April would be also be

the wettest month and June would be the driest

month.

For high rise building in high temperature

locations, proper HVAC or adequate passive

ventilation is necessary to maintain a cool

temperature inside the building.

Temperature

Image 14 On-site Perspective sketch of Menara Mesiniaga

11

SUN ANALYSIS“Building that took benefit from renewable sources, the Sun”

Sunpath Case Studies

Project Location Menara Mesiniaga, Malaysia

Image 15January 1st 1200

Image 16May 15th 1315

12

Image 17August 29th 1415

Image 18November 1st 0915

13

In the design of Menara Mesiniaga, the

architect purposely take advantage of all the sun light to penetrate inside the

building. He intended to build the building

in such a way to benefit natural sunlight

and environment. (Safamanesh. K). When

we went for a site visit to Menara

Mesiniaga, we could feel the architect’s

intention through every inner facade and

spaces.

Next, the enclosed rooms does

not need much light and are located near

the central core, which allows worksta-

tions to be located on the outside edge

where natural lighting and high quality

views are available.

The Advantages

Annual and Daily Sun Pathway

Image 15, 16, 17, and 18 is a proof of the

annual and daily sun path of Menara

Mesiniaga.

It is proving that the architect’s

intention is to benefit the natural

sunlight from every direction into the

Menara Mesiniaga. In addition, from

the Image 18, 19 and 20 , it is proven

that more shading elements been in-

sert on East and West Elevation rath-

er than North and South Elevation.

Moreover, the lobby of the building is

inserted further inside to be shaded

by the second floor’s balcony of the

menara. Lastly, the natural sunlight

also enter through the sun roof of

the basement parking to reduce the

light’s man made source.

TopImage 19 Lobby of Menara Mesiniaga that been shaded by the floor on top of it

14

Design Profile

Building Profile Building Name Menara Mesiniaga

Architect Ken Yeang

LocationBuilding Type

Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

IT Offices

Site Areas 6503 square meters

Solar Design Profile Latitude latitude (3.0827 degrees) 3° 4’ 57” North of the Equator

Heating Degree Days mean ambient temperatures of around 26-27°C year around

Cooling Degree DaysConservation Strategies

N/A

ecological principles into high-rise architecture

Passive Solar Strategies

exterior shading, direct gain passive solar, open able windows, Thermal mass placed in the service core

Active Solar Strategies

Sun Roof System

Other renewable energy strategies

None

High Performance Strategies

High Performance glazing and envelope, Innovative performance in green building strategies

15

Sunshade Details

LOUVRE

A louvre that shade the offices and an uppermost floors that houses recreational areas, a swimming pool, and sun roof.

SUN ROOF

The sunroof is the skeletal provision for panel space for the possible future placing of solar-cells to provide back-up energy source. BAS (Building Automation System) is an active Intelligent Building feature used in the building for energy-saving.

TopImage 20Model of Menara Mesiniaga to show Louvres andSun Roof

Image 21On the north and south facades, curtain wall glazing is used to control solar gain highlighted green colour

16

Image 22On the east and west facades, external aluminium fins and louvers provide sun shading highlighted green colour

Image 23Model massing that shows the Glazing and Shading of Menara Mesiniaga higlighted green colour

17

WIND ANALYSIS“The Ventilation”

Due to various wind directions, the winds

are nearly transferred equally.(Figure 5)

Menara Mesiniaga main ventilation is by

air conditioning and natural ventilation.The

air conditioning systems for the counter

area, offices, meeting rooms, cafeteria

and few other areas are divided into two

types. One of the air conditioning systems

is the Energy Saving System which is

used around the counter area and offices,

as shown by the yellow ellipse, and the

staying period in these areas are longer.

(Image 21 & in Picture 33) Another one is

called the Split Air Conditioner which is

usually used in houses as it cools one or

two rooms. For this building, Split AC are

used in the meeting rooms and cafeteria

for only a certain period of time. Moving

on to natural ventilation¬¬, winds, the

escape stairs are unenclosed and pushed

to the edge of the building to allow wind

to take part. The elevator lobby and

washroom spaces have shaded window

openings that gives in view and natural

ventilation (Architectural review.V. 192

1993 Jan-June).The sliding doors on the

terraces could be open up for natural

ventilation to flow throughout the office

areas. (Picture 32) Besides that, part of

highest floor which is an opened space

swimming pool area allows for natural

ventilation. Moreover, tiny gap to allow

the wind to ventilate into the gymnasium

under the overhang-curved roofing is

provided. Lastly,the basement parking

area is also ventilated as the entrance and

exit are opened.

Ventilations

(Picture 31) Since the energy

consumption is reduced, the

electricity costing of Menara

Mesiniaga is maintained in certain

amount which is cheaper compared

to other building. Morevoer, the air of

the site surroundings is also fresher

due to the greener site context and

also the flow of the wind.

18

Wind & weather statistics Morib/Kuala Lumpur Airport

Figure 5Table and WInd Rose of Wind and Weather statistic of Morib/Kuala Lumpur Airport

19

Image 24

The air flows(green arrows) and air conditioning air flows

(yellow ellipse) throughout the building.

BottomImage 25The basement parking area of Menara Mesiniaga

20

TopImage 26Air Conditioning in the office spacesin Menara Mesiniaga

BottomImage 27Terraces found at each levels.

21

THERMAL ANALYSIS“Comforbality in the site”

LeftImage 28Primary Shading Louvres

RightImage 29Secondary Shading Louvres

A large part of the building, from

stairways and lift lobbies to the toilet

areas, was regarded as a penetrable

membrane to enable natural aeration.

The building is fitted out with an Energy

Saving System which controls energy

features including air-cooling system,

elevators and other mechanical systems

and it is used to monitor and reduce

energy consumption in equipment. So,

the main office areas are air-conditioned

but the use of this system and the natural

ventilation throughout the building, help to

reduce its use to negligible levels, saving

energy.

Thermal Comfort The evident building features of the

IBM tower not only visually express

the high-tech style of the company

and its conceptual organic character,

but also define it as a bioclimatic high-

rise. Firstly, the building’s overall form,

structural methodology, module cores,

glazed surfaces, is oriented for maxi-

mum environmental efficiency shading

against direct heat but allowing for

natural daylight. Second, where the

main components of the building and

its orientation cannot shade the build-

ing, inventively calculated shading

devices are fitted on the building face

for passive cooling. Lastly, the exten-

sion of the land that starts at

22

the sloped berm spirals up the height of

the building with planted terraces that fin-

ishes at the inhabited rooftop. These ter-

races not only provide for vertical gardens

and transitional spaces, but also shades

and ventilates the building.

The simple extension of the

tower’s base produces several positive

environmental effects. The sloped berm

circles around half the circumference

of the building, the other half opens the

mezzanine floors to the surrounding land.

This allows for a functional

connection with the site, avoiding how

typical confined lobbies separate the

building from its landscape. As well, it

inspires air movement beneath the

building, producing a lobby entrance that

is shaded as well as ventilated without

mechanical effort(Balfour A. & Yeang K.

1994). The program that is in the entresol

requires slight daylight; therefore, by

building the hollow berm up to these

levels it increases the surface area for

planting and provides a chance for the

building to involve the nearby vegetation.

The visible steel and reinforced

concrete structure can be regarded as an

exoskeleton that is suspending the

differently shaped office floors with each

floor’s main girders connecting to the

concrete core for shear resistance. Where

the general rule of thumb for buildings in

colder regions is ‘skin outside, structure

inside’, the tropical climate may have

an exposed structure without contrary

temperature effects. In fact, the structure

that wraps around the curtain wall shields

the sun off the building face and act as a

heat sink. (Balfour A. & Yeang K. 1994)Of

course, in a tropical climate where winter

The core uses extensive passive heat-

ing and cooling strategies and has

no mechanical supportv because it’s

programmed functions of circulation

and washrooms involve low useperi-

od. Instead of an internal service core,

the concrete core of the building faces

the outside and is located on the east

side of the tower. This orientation

allows the core to shade the building

from direct sun rays and its material

construction allows it to become a

heat sink that will reradiate absorbed

heat into the insides at night. The

escape stairs are unenclosed and the

elevator lobby and washroom spaces

have shaded window openings that

give in view and natural ventilation

(Architectural review. V. 192 1993).

The majority of the building’s dou-

ble-glazed, operable curtain walls lie

flush to the facade only on the north

and south side. Most of the west half

of the building, external solar shades

are installed. The southwest and

northwest are protected by alumi-

num fins offset approximately 40cm

away from the building face (Powell

R. 1999). These devices are utilized

where high-angled rays may hit the

curtain walls. But for more far reaching

direct light, deeper, single panel alu-

minum louvers offset from the building

twice as far as the fins is fixed.(Powell

R. 1999)

Where extensive west-side shading

is concerned, the alternately shaped

floor plates partners with terraces to

create indentations in the building

form that help it shade itself. The land-

scaped terraces that appear on every

office level also allows for full height

sliding glass doors that let in fresh

23

air and greened intermediate spaces

for a break from computer screens. The

stepped terraces can be traced spiraling

back down to the berm and the surround-

ing landscape, generating a hall where

employees may feel part of a progressive

organization that has strong environmen-

tal awareness. Inside, enclosed rooms are

placed as a central core rather than being

situated at the edge. This ensures good

natural lighting and views out for the pe-

ripherally located workspaces. Because

the building is circular in plan, there are

no dark corners.(Balfour A. & Yeang K.

1994)

Thermal comfort in this building is

more than effectively achieved by these

specific features, where mechanical cool-

ing system is put to optimum use,

not overuse. Furthermore, studies

have shown greater occupancy happi-

ness and employee output where the

building can offer a connection with

external spaces whether it is natural

daylight or sky gardens that let work-

ers relax and feel as if they belong to

a whole (Space Design. 9401-9403

1994).

The major visible architectural ele-

ments topping off the office levels in-

clude a cantilevering rooftop pool and

a gym with a curvilinear roof; these

facilities are open to employees. The

pool ‘greens’ the rooftop by insulat-

ing and reflecting the overhead sun.

The overhang of the curvilinear roof

is enough to shade most of the entire

south facade from the high angled

afternoon sun. Crowning the building

is a tubular steel trellis that shades the

top floor amenities and is designed

to accommodate solar panels in the

future that will further increase the

building’s ecological efficiency.

24

Image 30Cross section showing main green features

BottomImage 31Sun Shaders andGarden Insets

25

TopImage 32cross section showing natural ventilation thru building

BottomImage 33heat map thru section-red is warmest, green is coolest

26

Image 34basic air flow. Allowing for natural ventilation to interact with the internal cooling system cuts down on cooling costs.

27

CONCEPT ANALYSIS“The Conclusion of Our Analysis”

Menara Mesiniaga maximizes the passive solar design into their building. It plays with the sunlight

that penetrates through the building and controlling it by using appropriate shading devices to reduce

overheating and providing comfort

( Image 32 ).

The circular exterior shape of the building and orientation affects the amount of sunlight passing

through as it accepts sunlight from all angles ( Image 33 ). Glazing and shading of glass windows are

incorporated into the design to minimize the solar gain and heat load in the morning.

Glazed curtain walling is applied throughout the building to enhance natural lighting and also

reduce temperature of the building and avoid overheating. Shading devices are also strategically placed

at locations with high sunlight intensity ( Image 34 ). This is to give thermal comfort for users inside the

building and reduce glaring as well.

Natural lighting is also found in the basement of the building which illuminates the parking lot,

toilets and air-conditioning generator. Window openings are placed on the ground directly above these

spaces in order to provide sufficient lighting ( Image 35 ). This helps reduce cost of electricity.

Open spaces and well planned ventilated areas can be found throughout the MenaraMesiniaga

building. Spaces like garden terraces, rooftops, service core and stairs located in the building helps en-

hances thermal comfort for the users of the area by providing natural sunlight and ventilation

( Image 36 ).

The core uses extensive passive heating and cooling strategies and has no mechanical support

because it’s programmed functions of circulation and washrooms involve low use period. Instead of an

internal service core, the concrete core of the building faces the outside and is located on the east side

of the tower. This orientation allows the core to shade the building from direct sun rays and its material

construction allows it to become a heat sink that will reradiate absorbed heat into the insides at night.

The escape stairs are unenclosed and the elevator lobby and washroom spaces have shaded window

openings that give in view and natural ventilation.

Thermal comfort in this building is more than effectively achieved by these specific features,

where mechanical cooling system is put to optimum use, not overuse. Furthermore, studies have

shown greater occupancy happiness and employee output where the building can offer a connection

with external spaces whether it is natural daylight or sky

gardens that let workers relax and feel as if they belong to a whole ( Image 37 ).

The major visible architectural elements topping off the office levels include a cantilevering rooftop

pool and a curvilinear roof. The pool on the rooftop helps by insulating and reflecting the overhead sun

( Image 38 ). The overhang of the curvilinear roof is enough to shade most of the entire south facade

from the high angled afternoon sun.

Thermal Comfort

Passive Solar Design

28

TopImage 35Sketch on different types of shading design used to reduce overheating.

MiddleImage 36Sketch of sunlight direction due to circular exterior.

BottomImage 37Sketch of glazed curtain walling and shading devices

Drawing of our ConceptAnalysis

29

TopImage 38Sketch of window placement on ground level

MiddleImage 40Sketch of natural daylight for garden terraces

BottomImage 41Sketch of reflection and absorption of sunlight.

MiddleImage 39Sketch of natural sunlight and ventilation through spaces.

30

REFERENCE LIST

Architectural review. V. 192 1993 Jan-June Space Design. 9401-9403 1994 Jan-Mar

Balfour A. &Yeang K.Bioclimatic Skyscrapers – Ken Yeang, 1994 retrieved from http://www.world-cat.org/title/bioclimatic-skyscrapers/oclc/154770772

Bill Chan, M. F. ARCH 366: Environmental Design Case Study.

Ching, D.K. (2014) Green Building Illustrated, pg 32. Canada: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Google Maps. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.google.com.my/maps/@3.0302815,101.5852174,13z?hl=en

Law J.H.Y. The Bioclimatic Approach to High-rise Building Design: An Evaluation of Ken Yeang’s Bioclimatic Principles and Responses in Practice to Energy Saving and Human Well-being, De-cember 2001.

Powell R.Rethinking the Skyscraper: The Complete Architecture of Ken Yeang, 1999re-trieved from http://www.worldcat.org/title/rethinking-the-skyscraper-the-complete-architec-ture-of-ken-yeang/oclc/43097372

Principles of Passive Solar Design. (2008, January 1). Green Building. Retrieved April 26, 2014, from http://www.greenbuilding.com/knowledge-base/principles-passive-solar-design

Passive Design. (1994, January 1). . Retrieved April, 2014, from http://wiki.naturalfrequency.com/wiki/Passive_Design

What is thermal comfort?.(n.d.).HSE. Retrieved May , 2014, from http://www.hse.gov.uk/tempera-ture/thermal/explained.htm

Safamanesh, K. (1995). Technical Reviw Summary.

The Aga Khan Development Network. (2007). Menara Mesiniaga. Retrieved from Aga Khan Award for Architecture: http://www.akdn.org/architecture/project.asp?id=1356

Wind Finder (n.d.). Wind & weather statistics Morib/Kuala Lumpur Airport (near Putrajaya Lake) - Windfinder. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/morib_kua-la_lumpur?fspot=putrajaya_lake

Webkey (2008). Solaripedia | Green Architecture And Green Building. Retrieved April 28, 2014, from http://www.solaripedia.com/images/large/3414.jpg

Yeang K. & Hamzah T. R. Menara Mesiniaga Features Bioclimatic, 2010 retrieved from http://www.solaripedia.com/13/302/3419/menara_mesiniaga_sun_roof.html

31

32

IMAGE REFERENCE

Image 1 : retrieved by http://mssb.mesiniaga.com.my/asset/scms/image/public/mesiniaga.jpg

Image 2 : retrieved by http://www.akdn.org/assets/7/1573.JPG Image 3 : retrived by https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8046/8085414843_4f4e66e12c.jpg

Image 4 : retrieved by http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/62479721.jpg

Image 5 : retrieved by Google Map

Image 6 : retrieved by http://www.solaripedia.com/images/large/3411.jpg

Image 7 : retrieved by http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/134430345.png

Image 8 : retrieved by http://www.solaripedia.com/images/large/3413.jpg

Image 9 : retreived by http://www.archilibra.com/thesis/case_studies/menara_mesiniaga/east-west-section.jpg

Image 10 : Photograph taken by Adila ZAAS




Image 14 : Sketch by Zhafri Azman

Image 15 : Ecotech Analysis by Zhafri Azman

Image 16 : Ecotech Analysis by Zhafri Azman Image 17 : Ecotech Analysis by Zhafri Azman

Image 18 : Ecotech Analysis by Zhafri Azman


Image 20 : Massing Model edited by Adila ZAAS




Image 24 : Retrieved by http://myweb.wit.edu/oakess/Catalog/MM_ventilation.html Image 25 : Photograph taken by Kee Ting Ting

Image 26 : Photograph taken by Kee Ting Ting

33

Image 27 : Photograph taken by Kee Ting Ting

Image 28 : Photograph and Edited by Trevor Nico Image 29 : Photograph and Edited by Trevor Nico

Image 30 : Edited by Trevor Nico




Image 34 : Edited and sketched by Trevor Nico

Image 35 : drawn and sketch by Sharifah Diyana







34

FIGURE REFERENCE

Figure 1 : Ecotech graph by Zhafri Azman




Figure 5 : Retrieved by http://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/morib_kuala_lumpur?fspot=putrajaya_lake

COVER PAGE REFERENCE

Cover page 1 : Photograph taken by Adila ZAAS

Cover page 2 : Introduction : The Building Photograph taken by Adila ZAAS

Cover page 3 : Natural and Man Made Factor Photograph taken by Adila ZAAS

Cover page 4 : Climate Analysis Retrieved by http://pws.yeesiang.com/upload/wysiwyg/image/blank_ malaysia_map/blank_malaysia_map.png

Cover page 5 : Sun Analysis Retrieved by http://www.solaripedia.com/images/large/3419.jpg

Cover page 6 : Wind Analysis Photograph taken by Kee Ting Ting

Cover page 7 : Thermal Analysis Photograph taken by Trevor Nico

Cover page 8 : Concept Analysis Photograph taken by Nur Adila ZAAS

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