mellone abstractsqcpages.qc.cuny.edu/~jmellone/mellone_abstracts.doc · web viewrecounts the short...

Title:THE SHADOW OF A BIRD FLYING OVER: ANGELO GARIBALDI IN PHILADELPHIA.

Authors:Cowie, Phillip K.

Source:Italian Americana 2003 21(2): 125-149 25p.

Historical Period:1804-35

Subjects:SARDINIA (Italy)DIPLOMATSGaribaldi, Angelo

Abstract:Recounts the short life of Giuseppe Garibaldi's older brother, Angelo Garibaldi (1804-35), who served as acting consul general of the Kingdom of Sardinia to the United States during 1832-35, until he died prematurely of malarial fever. [J. T. Mellone]

Publication Type:Academic Journal

Document Type:Article

Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846

Entry Number:41:4899

Accession Number:A000539386.01

Database: America: History & Life

Title:GIOVANNI VERGA AND THE ROOTS OF ITALIAN AMERICA.

Authors:Guida, George.



Subjects:VERGA, GiovanniMANNERS & customsSHORT storiesPEASANTSSICILY (Italy)

Abstract:The short stories of Giovanni Verga (1840-1922) realistically depicted the harsh life of Sicilian peasants, many of whom emigrated to America yet remained true to the folklore and customs of their native land. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846


Accession Number:H001674386.01

Database: Historical Abstracts

Title:WHERE DID THE GOODFELLAS LEARN HOW TO COOK? GENDER, LABOR, AND THE ITALIAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE.

Authors:Ruberto, Laura E.


Historical Period:1950's-70's

Subjects:WOMENITALIAN AmericansGENDERMOTION pictures'Tarantella' (film)'Household Saints' (film)

Abstract:Through an analysis of two films, namely Helen de Michiel's 'Tarantella' (1996) and Nancy Savoca's 'Household Saints' (1993), asserts that the role of Italian American women has been underappreciated. The author describes the post-World War II contributions they have made in the spheres of family, work, and community. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:FRANK SAMPERI'S 'LAMENTATIONS'.

Authors:Samperi, Frank; Martone, John, ed.



Subjects:POETRYITALIAN AmericansEQUALITYDIARIESSamperi, Frank '(Lamentations)'

Abstract:Excerpts 20% of 'Lamentations,' the diary kept from 1963 to 1965 by Italian American poet Frank Samperi (1933-91), and shows how the diary contributes to a better understanding of his poetry, especially his vision of a culture based on individual difference, not on economic or political hierarchies. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:CAIRNS.

Authors:Barone, Dennis.


Historical Period:20c

Subjects:SEPULCHRAL monumentsNARRATIVESFAMILIESBARONE, DennisDiDonato, Pietro '(Christ in Concrete)'

Abstract:Relates two remembrances, one that tells about the great-uncle of the author's wife, who was the inspiration for a character in Pietro DiDonato's novel 'Christ in Concrete' (1939), and the other regarding his search for his great-grandparents' gravestone. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:GETTING THE STORY STRAIGHT: PRESS COVERAGE OF ITALIAN-AMERICAN LYNCHINGS FROM 1856-1910.

Authors:DeLucia, Christine.



Subjects:STEREOTYPES (Social psychology)SOUTHERN StatesITALIAN AmericansSICILY (Italy)NEWSPAPERSLYNCHINGDISCRIMINATIONNEW York Times, The (Newspaper)

Abstract:Documents coverage by the 'New York Times' of the lynchings of Sicilian Americans in the American South during 1856-1910 and how, despite its antilynching tone, the 'Times' portrayed Sicilians in negative stereotypes, linking them to uncivilized behavior, lawlessness, and organized crime. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:PERSONAL REACTION ON IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING THE ITALIAN-AMERICAN WORKING CLASS.

Authors:DiMaggio, Dan.


Historical Period:1990's

Subjects:WORKING classNARRATIVESITALIAN AmericansETHNICITYDIMAGGIO, Dan

Abstract:Contains reflective observations on the author's Italian American identity and how his views on race and ethnicity within Italian American working-class culture developed in the 1990's through reading the works of Maria Laurino, Richard Gambino, and Jerome Krase. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:ITALIAN IMMIGRANTS IN ARGENTINA: SOME REPRESENTATIONS ON STAGE.

Authors:Sanhueza, Teresa.



Subjects:THEATERITALIANSIMMIGRANTSCOMEDYARGENTINA

Abstract:Shows how the 'sainete' (one-act farce) comedies of Argentine playwrights Rafael José de Rosa (1884-1955), Armando Discepolo (1889-1971), and Florencio Sánchez (1875-1910) depicted the everyday life of immigrant Italians in Argentina and how the latters' values, customs, and social struggles helped to redefine the Argentine traditions of gaucho and creole life. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:COELA TANGO: A LIFE.

Authors:Abetti, Pier Antonio.



Subjects:MEMOIRSFLORENCE (Italy)ABETTI, Pier Antonio

Abstract:A memoir of the author's early life in Florence under Italian Fascism, chronicling the life of his father, Giorgio Abetti (1882-1982), a noted astronomer and director of the Arcetri Observatory (1921-53), and his own youth and education, including his career as an Italian army engineer at the Military Geographic Institute during World War II. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:HOMAGE TO THE CONTADINI: THE INFLUENCE OF RUDOLPH J. VECOLI ON IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC HISTORY.

Authors:Bukowczyk, John J.

Source:Italian Americana 2002 21[i.e., 20](2): 125-134 10p.


Subjects:VECOLI, Rudolph J.ITALIAN AmericansIMMIGRANTSHISTORIOGRAPHYHANDLIN, Oscar

Abstract:In 1964, American historian Rudloph J. Vecoli published 'Contadini in Chicago,' a critique of Oscar Handlin's classic account of the immigrant experience. Vecoli's cultural pluralist approach to ethnic history led to the revival of immigration history during the late 1960's and 1970's. Vecoli substituted the experience of the 'transplanted' Italian American 'contadini' [peasants] in his analysis for that of the assimilating East European immigrant proposed by Handlin. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:RADIO BROADCASTING, CONSUMER CULTURE, AND ETHNIC IDENTITY AMONG ITALIAN AMERICANS IN THE INTERWAR YEARS.

Authors:Luconi, Stefano.



Subjects:MANNERS & customsRADIOPENNSYLVANIAITALIAN Reveries Broadcasting CoITALIAN AmericansFOOD consumptionETHNICITYADVERTISING

Abstract:During the 1920's-30's interwar period, radio advertisements transmitted by the Italian Reveries Broadcasting Company in Pennsylvania, rather than help Italian immigrants assimilate, fostered ethnic pride, a sense of community, and an appreciation for native culture, by encouraging the consumption of Italian American food products and continuing ties to traditional Italian ethnic cuisine. Commercial media, advertising, and consumption helped sustain distinctive ethnic identities rather than Americanizing the immigrants. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:THE CHANGING ROLES OF NICKNAMES IN A SICILIAN IMMIGRANT COMMUNITY.

Authors:Nigro, Marie.



Subjects:ITALIAN AmericansSICILY (Italy)NAMESPennsylvania (Norristown)

Abstract:Based on the recollections of twenty first-generation Sicilian Americans, aged 70 to 85 in 1984, details the nicknaming practices of the Sicilian immigrant community in Norristown, Pennsylvania, during the 20th century. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:THE CASE OF JEANNETTE, PENNSYLVANIA 1888-1950: FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT.

Authors:DiVirgilio, Michael.



Subjects:SOCIAL historyITALIAN AmericansCOMMUNITIESPennsylvania (Jeannette)

Abstract:Features the Italian American community of Jeannette, Pennsylvania, during 1888-1950, the rise of its members from laborers to merchants and 'prominenti' (the prominent ones), the functioning of their mutual aid organizations, and the internecine conflicts between northern and southern Italians after years of cooperation. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:FLIES AND BUGS: ITALIAN PRINTED WORDS IN THE U.S.

Authors:Marazzi, Martino.



Subjects:HISTORY -- ResearchPUBLISHERS & publishingITALIAN language

Abstract:Briefly describes the author's extensive research on Italian American publishers and the Italian-language literature they produced for Little Italy communities throughout the United States from the 1870's to the 1940's. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:LEONARD COVELLO: TEACHING IMMIGRANTS IN THE AMERICAN WAY.

Authors:Iannone, Carol.



Subjects:EAST Harlem (New York, N.Y.)ITALIAN AmericansEDUCATION -- PhilosophyCOVELLO, Leonard, 1887-1982Benjamin Franklin High School

Abstract:Analyzes the bilingualist and interculturalist educational philosophy of Italian American educator Leonard Covello (1887-1982), the son of Italian immigrants, who was a founding planner and longtime principal of the Benjamin Franklin High School for boys in East Harlem. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:ITALIAN WOMEN IN THE RESISTANCE, WORLD WAR II.

Authors:D'Amelio, Dan A.



Subjects:WORLD War, 1939-1945WOMENGOVERNMENT, Resistance toITALY

Abstract:Italian women were an integral part of the anti-Fascist resistance, numbering 35,000 out of a total of 200,000 partisans during the peak period of activity in late summer 1944. Women partisans were engaged in traditional roles at first, such as nursing and collecting supplies and money. As the needs of the resistance grew, so too did the experience and participation of women. They acted as cooks and guides for mountain brigades, led factory strikes, and printed and distributed anti-Fascist literature. Women also worked in the most dangerous roles as couriers carrying orders, reports, propaganda material, and underground newspapers. Eventually they also transported weapons, ammunition, and explosives and engaged in intelligence gathering. In general, Italian women were desirable recruits because they were less likely to be suspected by male soldiers. Moreover, women played an important role in official partisan organizations, including the formation of a special volunteer group overseen by the Committee for National Liberation. All told, hundreds of women partisans in Italy during 1943-45 were killed and thousands arrested or deported to Germany. [J. T. Mellone]

Notes:Based on interviews and secondary sources; biblio.



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:JOSEPH ROCCHIETTI: POLITICAL THINKER IN LITERARY CLOTHING.

Authors:Albright, Carol Bonomo.



Subjects:POLITICS, PracticalNATIVISMLITERATUREITALIAN AmericansAUTHORSRocchietti, Joseph '(Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish)'

Abstract:Joseph Rocchietti, an Italian expatriate in the United States, authored the 1835 novel 'Lorenzo and Oonalaska,' which praised American political ideals. In 1845 he wrote a pamphlet, 'Why a National Literature Cannot Flourish in the United States of North America,' in reaction to nativist politics directed against immigrants, especially the Irish, and by extension their Catholic coreligionists, the Italians. Rocchietti blamed those he considered religious fanatics for nativist policies and practices. He reminded Americans of their immigrant roots, referenced their indebtedness to Columbus's discovery of the New World, and challenged all Americans to live up to the founding ideals of freedom and tolerance. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:FASCISM AND ITALIAN COMMUNITIES IN BRAZIL AND THE UNITED STATES.

Authors:Bertonha, João Fábio.



Subjects:UNITED StatesPROPAGANDAPOLITICAL attitudesITALYITALIANSFASCISMBRAZIL

Abstract:Mussolini's Fascist regime attempted to reclaim the allegiances of Italians who settled abroad, but the response in the Italian communities in Brazil and the United States varied according to class and region. Fascists exercised control over newspapers, schools, and consulate offices in both countries; however, they propagated different propaganda messages to each expatriate community. Right-wing political movements were more accepted in Brazil, and Fascist propaganda tended to be more political and ideological in tone. Italians who identified themseleves as Brazilian supported the Fascist-inspired Integralismo movement, while newer Italian immigrants who still saw themselves as Italians supported Fascism. In the United States, which lacked a strong indigenous right-wing movement, propaganda was more cultural in nature. Most Italians in America showed strong sympathy for Fascism while still participating in American politics as Roosevelt Democrats. Overall, Italians in Brazil and America had generally favorable opinions of the Italian regime during the 1920's-30's as long as Fascist politics did not conflict with loyalty to their new countries. This dual loyalty quickly deteriorated with Italy's entry into World War II on the side of Nazi Germany. [J. T. Mellone]

Notes:Secondary sources; 27 notes.



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846

Entry Number: 54:1707

Accession Number: H000515126.01


Entry Number: 39:12689

Accession Number: A000515126.01


Title:GIOVANNI DE ROSALIA: PLAYWRIGHT, POET AND 'NOFRIO'.

Authors:Accardi, Joseph J.



Subjects:THEATERRADIONEW York (N.Y.)ITALIAN AmericansDRAMATISTSDeRosalia, Giovanni

Abstract:Recounts the early-20th-century literary, theatrical, and radio career of Giovanni De Rosalia, a Sicilian immigrant in New York City, who wrote plays, farces, and Sicilian poetry. He acted in the farces and made famous among the Sicilian American community the buffoonish character Nofrio. He at first tried to perform in classical theater in which standard Italian was spoken, but this failed because his audiences did not have sufficient mastery of the language. So, he turned to Sicilian dialect theater instead. Rapturous audiences faithfully attended his plays 'Nofrio Sindaco' [Nofrio the mayor], 'Nofrio Locandiere' [Nofrio the innkeeper], 'Il Natale di Nofrio' [Nofrio's Christmas], and others. Eventually De Rosalia expanded his dramatic work to include radio. Between 1916 and 1928, he recorded nearly two hundred farces with Columbia, Victor, and Okeh record companies. This made his performances widely known in the Sicilian American community throughout the United States. [J. T. Mellone]

Notes:Based on newspapers, other primary sources, and secondary sources; 23 notes, biblio., discography.



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:THE SWALLOWS OF MONTECILFONE.

Authors:Desiato, Wilma.



Subjects:NARRATIVESITALYITALIAN AmericansEMIGRATION & immigrationFAMILIESDesiato, Wilma

Abstract:Recounts the author's return to her deceased husband Nicholas's hometown of Montecilfone in Molise, Italy. She and Nicholas met in 1952 in her native Bologna, where he attended the university's medical school. In 1959, they emigrated to Philadelphia to live near his parents. Nicholas had never been close to his father, who had worked for many years in the United States as a stonemason. The author fulfilled her husband's desire to share his heritage and family history with his children and grandchildren by restoring the long-neglected family home. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:FRANK SINATRA: MUSICIAN, ACTOR, AND QUINTESSENTIAL ETHNIC.

Authors:Furia, Philip et al.



Subjects:SINGERSSINATRA, Frank, 1915-1998ROLE modelsETHNICITYACTORS

Abstract:Presents five abridged essays originally delivered as papers at Hofstra University's 1998 conference on Frank Sinatra. John Gennari's 'Mammissimo: Dolly and Frankie Sinatra and the Italian-American Mother/Son Thing' interprets Dolly Sinatra's role as a forceful mother as a positive contribution to Sinatra's paradoxical persona of insecure tough guy. In 'Sinatra and the Great American Song Book,' Philip Furia emphasizes Sinatra's willing adaptations of older feminine show tunes as a key to the redefinition of his persona from 1940's bobby-soxer idol to vulnerable yet mature sophisticate during his comeback in the mid-1950's. Joseph Fioravanti's 'Hanging on a String of Dreams: Sinatra `Reads' a Lyric' examines Sinatra's musical treatment of the lyrics in the song 'Last Night When We Were Young' as an example of his maturation as an artist of performing genius. In 'Urbane Villager,' Thomas Ferraro focuses on Sinatra's ability to give masterful 'renditions' of songs and shows how he exhibited a sense of action admired by the proverbial 'boys on the corner.' Rocco Marinaccio's '`Nice Work if You Can Get It': Frank Sinatra and the American Dream' affirms that Sinatra kept his ethnic identity by showing on stage a form of rebellion, demonstrating that puritan virtues of honesty, sobriety, and industriousness had nothing to do with success. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:ETHNICITY AND NEWARK'S 'ITALIAN TRIBUNE,' 1934-1980.

Authors:Eula, Michael J.



Subjects:NEWSPAPERSNEWARK (N.J.)ITALIAN AmericansETHNICITYCONSERVATISM'Italian Tribune'

Abstract:From its founding in the 1930's, Newark, New Jersey's 'Italian Tribune' reflected the identity and aspirations of its Italian American community. It generally supported the Republican Party and endorsed the presidency of Herbert Hoover in particular, holding in disdain the New Deal policies of President Franklin Roosevelt. The 'Italian Tribune' was controlled by Newark's prominent Italian Americans, who supported Benito Mussolini and Italian Fascism throughout the 1930's. By 1940, however, Italian Americans in Newark and throughout the country changed their pro-Fascist stance. This change was reflected in the pages of the 'Italian Tribune' following Italy's entry into World War II alongside Nazi Germany. In the 1950's, the newspaper returned to its earlier conservatism by taking a staunch anti-Communist stance, while the 1960's-70's saw editorial calls for working-class and ethnic solidarity to counter the social and economic upheavals in the inner city. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE: REFLECTIONS OF A LIFETIME.

Authors:Rolle, Andrew.



Subjects:WEST (U.S.)QUALITY of lifeITALIAN AmericansIMMIGRANTS

Abstract:Examines the positive experiences of early- and mid-20th-century Italian immigrants who settled in the American West, offering contrasting analysis to that reflected in Oscar Handlin's pessimistic stereotype of European immigrants, predominantly from Eastern Europe, who settled in large urban areas. Rather than naming Italian immigrants 'the uprooted,' after the title of Handlin's famous book, 'The Uprooted' (1951), the author preferred the phrase 'the upraised,' which he coined in his book, 'The Immigrant Upraised' (1968). Many Italian immigrants made better lives for themselves and their children in the Western states. This was especially so in California, which closely resembled Italian geography and climate. Although frequently hampered by bigotry, Italians made the most of the economic opportunities given them, working hard and excelling in entertainment, restaurant, and winery occupations, as well as in business and education. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:ITALIAN-AMERICAN VOTERS AND THE 'AL SMITH REVOLUTION': A REASSESSMENT.

Authors:Luconi, Stefano.



Subjects:VOTINGSMITH, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944ROOSEVELT, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945ITALIAN AmericansPRESIDENTS -- Election

Abstract:Many 20th-century historians and political analysts contend that ethnic voters began to switch their political support from Republicans to Democrats durng the campaign for president by Al Smith in 1928, and continued to do so in larger numbers in 1932 by supporting Franklin Roosevelt. Using the Italian American experience as a model for the behavior of ethnic groups in general, the author stresses that Italian American support given in 1928 to Al Smith was confined to large urban areas, where most no longer worked as laborers but in blue-collar trades and white-collar professions. They were allowed greater political freedom because their jobs were not dependent on company loyalty or on party-machine patronage. In rural areas this was not the case. In Carbondale, Dunmore, Vandergrift, and Windber, Pennsylvania, laboring Italian Americans, most of them miners, were forced to vote Republican or lose their jobs. These company towns remained strongly Republican until the Great Depression, when widespread unemployment not only caused Italian American laborers to blame their plight on President Herbert Hoover and the Republican Party, but also freed them to vote Democratic in 1932 without fear of company reprisals. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0096-8846




Title:MACHIAVELLI READS BOCCACCIO: 'MANDRAGOLA' BETWEEN 'DECAMERON' AND 'CORBACCIO'.

Authors:Bardin, Gay.

Source:Italian Quarterly 2001 38(149-150): 5-26 22p.

Historical Period:14c-16c

Subjects:DRAMAMachiavelli, Niccolò '(Mandragola)'Boccaccio, Giovanni '(Corbaccio, Decameron)'

Abstract:Places Niccolò Machiavelli's play 'The Mandragola' (ca. 1519) in a comparative center between two works by Giovanni Boccaccio: his playful stories, the 'Decameron' (1349-51), for its voice, language, and character relationships, and his cynical love tale, the 'Corbaccio' (ca. 1354-55), for its ideological framework as a misogynist 'operetta.' [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:REALISMO, INETTITUDINE E FILOSOFIA SCHOPENHAUERIANA NELLE 'MEDIOCRITA' DI EMMA.

Translated Title:Realism, ineptitude, and Schopenhauerian philosophy in the 'Mediocrita' of Emma.

Authors:Pierobon, Ermenegilda.



Subjects:SCHOPENHAUER, Arthur, 1788-1860REALISMFICTIONEmma '(Mediocrità)'

Abstract:Situates the novel 'Le Mediocrità' (1876) by Emilia Viola Ferretti (1844-1929), known as Emma, within the realist tradition of Emile Zola and Gustave Flaubert, compares it with 'Una Vita' (1892) by Italo Svevo (1861-1928), and interprets it according to the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer, especially his theories of 'egoism' and the 'will to live.' [J. T. Mellone]



Language:Italian

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:FORME DELLA LETTERARIETA IN PRIMO LEVI. DIECI ANNI DI CRITICA (1987-1997).

Translated Title:Forms of literariness in Primo Levi: ten years of criticism, 1987-97.

Authors:Santagostino, Giuseppina.



Subjects:CRITICISMLEVI, PrimoITALY

Abstract:Analyzes the most significant literary criticism on Primo Levi (1919-87) to appear in the decade following his death, including the important introductions to the three-volume Einaudi edition of his 'Opere,' by Cesare Cases (Vol. 1, 1987), Cesare Segre (Vol. 2, 1988), and Pier Vincenzo Mengaldo (Vol. 3, 1990). Stresses the recent recognition of the vast complexity of his work and divides the criticism into four categories: the concentration camp experience and fiction, strategies of communication, the use of language and narrative forms, and poetry and theater. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:Italian

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:FASCIST ITALY AND THE DUCE: REVISITED AND REASSESSED.

Authors:Coppa, Frank J.



Subjects:ITALYFASCISMLITERATURE reviews

Abstract:A composite review of some of the most important English-language monographs on Italian Fascism to appear in the last decade. Discusses general surveys, including Philip Morgan's 'Italian Fascism, 1919-1945,' John Pollard's 'The Fascist Experience in Italy,' and John Whittam's 'Fascist Italy;' historiographical and interpretive works, including R. J. B. Bosworth's 'The Italian Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives in the Interpretation of Mussolini and Fascism,' Bosworth and Patrizia Dogliani, eds., 'Italian Fascism: History, Memory and Representation,' and Roy Palmer Domenico's 'Italian Fascists on Trial, 1943-1948;' and social and cultural microstudies, including Franklin Hugh Adler's 'Italian Industrialists, from Liberalism to Fascism: The Political Development of the Bourgeoisie, 1906-1934,' Jonathan Dunnage's 'The Italian Police and the Rise of Fascism: A Case Study of the Province of Bologna, 1897-1925,' Carl Ipsen's 'Dictating Demography: The Problem of Population in Fascist Italy,' Jeffrey T. Schnapp's 'Staging Fascism: 18 BL and the Theater of Masses for Masses,' and Tim Redmond's 'Ezra Pound and Italian Fascism.' [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:L'ITALIA FUORI D'ITALIA: LE SECENTINE ITALIANE DELLA NEWBERRY LIBRARY DI CHICAGO.

Translated Title:Italy outside Italy: 17th-century Italian books in the Newberry Library in Chicago.

Authors:Mancini, Albert N.



Subjects:NEWBERRY Library (Chicago, Ill.)LITERATUREITALYEUROPE, WesternCOLLECTIONS

Abstract:Discusses both the significance of early modern Italian literature and culture for Western Europe, especially Elizabethan England, and the Newberry Library's collection of 17th-century Italian books and its importance to researchers, given the recent rediscovery and reevaluation of this literature by scholars. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:Italian

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:BERNINI'S BUST OF THE SAVIOR AND THE PROBLEM OF THE HOMELESS IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ROME.

Authors:Lavin, Irving.



Subjects:ROMEPUBLIC welfareCHARITYHOMELESSNESSARS moriendiRELIGIOUS artBernini, Giovanni Lorenzo '(Bust of the Savior)'

Abstract:Compares the 'Bust of the Savior' and the 'Sangue di Cristo' of Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680) to similar images in St. John Lateran and Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, two churches spiritually linked by Marian processions, and theorizes that Bernini produced them as an interpretation and application of the traditional 'ars moriendi' (art of dying) and that his nephew and spiritual adviser, Oratorian priest Francesco Marchese (1623-97), encouraged these devotional works as public acts of universal charity and had their likenesses incorporated into the decoration of the new Apostolic Hospice for the Invalid Poor established at the Lateran Palace under reformist pope Innocent XII (reigned 1691-1700). [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:ROSSELLINI'S 'PAISA:' NATIONAL IDENTITY BY MEANS OF MONTAGE.

Authors:Marcus, Millicent.



Subjects:WORLD War, 1939-1945ROSSELLINI, RobertoREGIONALISMNATIONAL characteristicsLIBERTY (Periodical)ITALYMOTION pictures'Paisà' (film)

Abstract:The episodic structure of Roberto Rossellini's film 'Paisà' (1946), depicting six stories during the Allied liberation of Italy, from Sicily to the Po River, mirrors the difficulty of imposing national identity by force on a country comprised of sharp regional differences. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:RENZO DE FELICE: AN OVERVIEW.

Authors:Delzell, Charles F.



Subjects:MUSSOLINI, Benito, 1883-1945ITALYHISTORIANSFASCISMDE Felice, Renzo, 1929-

Abstract:A critical summary of the distinguished, yet controversial, career of Renzo De Felice (1929-96), the Italian revisionist historian of Italian Fascism and author of a monumental four-part biography of Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) in eight volumes. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:JACOBINISM, MARXISM, AND FASCISM: THE HISTORIOGRAPHICAL TRAJECTORY OF RENZO DE FELICE.

Authors:Cannistraro, Philip V.


Historical Period:1940's-96

Subjects:PHILOSOPHY, MarxistJACOBINSITALYHISTORIOGRAPHYFASCISMDE Felice, Renzo, 1929-

Abstract:Traces the early Marxist intellectual development and Communist political activity of Italian historian Renzo De Felice (1929-96), which led to his studies on the Jacobins of Italy, 1789-1815, but gave way to an anti-Marxist approach in his subsequent work, especially his book 'Storia degli Ebrei sotto il Fascismo' and his multivolume biography of Benito Mussolini (1883-1945). [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:RENZO DE FELICE AND THE HISTORIAN'S TASK.

Authors:Painter, Borden.



Subjects:HISTORY -- PhilosophyITALYFASCISMDE Felice, Renzo, 1929-

Abstract:Although anti-Fascism has been the dominant political and historiographical orthodoxy in post-World War II Italy, Italian historian Renzo De Felice (1929-96) tried to write the history of Italian Fascism and Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) without regard to politics or ideology but in fulfillment of the historian's task 'to understand a subject through empirical study based on documentary evidence.' [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954

Entry Number:53:78



Title:DE FELICE'S MUSSOLINI AND THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF FASCISM.

Authors:Sarti, Roland.


Historical Period:1960's-96; 1910's-45

Subjects:MUSSOLINI, Benito, 1883-1945BOOKS -- ReviewsHISTORIOGRAPHYFASCISMDE Felice, Renzo, 1929-

Abstract:Reviews the multivolume biography of Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) by Renzo De Felice (1929-96), crediting the historian with making Italian Fascism 'a topic worthy of serious study' through his commitment to an ethical scientific approach to history, despite the academic isolation he endured because of leftist hostility to his work. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:PATHS TO AN INTERPRETATION: RENZO DE FELICE AND THE DEFINITION OF FASCISM.

Authors:Gentile, Emilio.



Subjects:ITALYHISTORIOGRAPHYFASCISMDE Felice, Renzo, 1929-

Abstract:Discusses the evolving nature of Italian historian Renzo De Felice's (1929-96) interpretations of fascism and Italian Fascism, noting the influence of other social scientists, especially George L. Mosse (1918-99), De Felice's attempts to determine 'a least common denominator' that would define a supranational fascist phenomenon, and his consideration of totalitarianism as a model for comparing Fascism and Nazism. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954

Entry Number:53:453



Title:RENZO DE FELICE, FASCISM AND NAZISM: NON-CONVERGING PARALLELS?

Authors:DeGrand, Alexander.



Subjects:POLITICAL scienceNATIONAL socialismITALYHISTORIOGRAPHYGERMANYFASCISMDE Felice, Renzo, 1929-

Abstract:Analyzes the interpretation of Italian historian Renzo De Felice (1929-96) regarding the fundamental difference between Italian Fascism, a Left totalitarian movement inherited from the French Revolution and containing a progressive focus on the creation of the New Fascist Man, and German Nazism, a Right totalitarian movement derived from the conservative authoritarian tradition of Germanic history and legend. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:RENZO DE FELICE, RELIGION, THE CHURCH, AND CATHOLICISM IN A WORLD OF IDEOLOGIES.

Authors:Moro, Renato.



Subjects:ITALYIDEOLOGYHISTORIOGRAPHYFASCISMDE Felice, Renzo, 1929-CATHOLIC Church

Abstract:Argues for a broad Catholic historiography to go beyond the pro- and anti-Fascist positions, one grounded in the religious-centered writings of Federico Chabod (1901-60), Delio Cantimori (1904-66), and Giuseppe De Luca (1898-1962) and made possible by the studies of their disciple Renzo De Felice (1929-96) on Italian Jacobinism, anti-Semitism, the Catholic Church, and the political-religious ideology of Italian Fascism. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:RENZO DE FELICE AND MUSSOLINI'S FOREIGN POLICY: PRAGMATISM VS. IDEOLOGY.

Authors:Burgwyn, James.



Subjects:MUSSOLINI, Benito, 1883-1945ITALYIDEOLOGYHISTORIOGRAPHYINTERNATIONAL relationsFASCISMDE Felice, Renzo, 1929-

Abstract:Challenges the perspective of Italian historian Renzo De Felice (1929-96) that Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) was a pragmatist in foreign policy who continued the Realpolitik policies of liberal Italy, 1861-1922. The author indicates that it was a determined Fascist ideology that influenced Mussolini to increasingly side with the destructive policies of Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) despite other more pragmatic alternatives. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:DE FELICE AND RESEARCH ON ITALIAN EMIGRATION.

Authors:Rosoli, Gianfausto.



Subjects:ITALYHISTORIOGRAPHYEMIGRATION & immigrationDE Felice, Renzo, 1929-

Abstract:Recounts the important contribution Renzo De Felice (1929-96) made to the study of Italian emigration through his writings and influence, the latter most notably on Philip V. Cannistraro (b. 1942), and includes a bibliography on Italian emigration listing the writings of De Felice and his followers, many of which appeared in his journal 'Storia Contemporanea.' [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:THE RISORIGIMENTO AS CULTURAL CRISIS: GIOBERTI - MAZZINI - CATTANEO.

Authors:Salomone, A. William.



Subjects:ITALY -- History -- 1815-1870POLITICAL scienceMAZZINI, Giuseppe, 1805-1872ITALYGIOBERTI, Vincenzo, 1801-1852CATTANEO, CarloCATHOLIC Church

Abstract:Analyzes the Catholic reform views of Vincenzo Gioberti (1801-1859), the progressive spiritual and democratic ideas of Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872), and the scientific humanism of Carlo Cattaneo (1801-1869), whose collective thought in the Risorgimento period advocated not only the political unification of Italy, but also a cultural revolution to change the very fabric of Italian life. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:PROPHET IN THE WASTE LAND: MAZZINI AS CULTURAL CRITIC.

Authors:Salomone, A. William.



Subjects:ITALY -- History -- 1815-1870POLITICAL scienceMAZZINI, Giuseppe, 1805-1872ITALYEUROPECULTURE

Abstract:Assesses the role of Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) as a European cultural force who sought to transform Italy through a spiritual and cultural Risorgimento. Mazzini's influence went beyond the political unification of Italy and forward to the liberation of the human spirit and a Nietzschean transvaluation of values for Italian and European society. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE PUBLISHED WORKS OF ARCANGELO WILLIAM SALOMONE.

Authors:Cacchione, Richard D., comp.



Subjects:UNITED StatesSALOMONE, A. WilliamITALYHISTORIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHICAL citationsBIBLIOGRAPHY

Abstract:A bibliography of the writings of A. William Salomone (1915-1989), the esteemed Italianist who taught modern Italian history at New York University and the University of Rochester. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:LIBERAL ITALY RECONSIDERED.

Authors:Coppa, Frank J.



Subjects:LIBERALISMLITERATURE reviewsITALY

Abstract:Reviews eight studies that reflect the renewed interest of social scientists in the previously neglected liberal age in Italy (1861-1922): Federico Chabod's 'Italian Foreign Policy: The Statecraft of the Founders' (1996), 'Society and the Professions in Italy: 1860-1914' (1995), edited by Maria Malatesta, Silvana Patriarca's 'Numbers and Nationhood' (1996), Armand Patrucco's 'The Critics of the Italian Parliamentary System' (1992), Albert Schram's 'Railways and the Formation of the Italian State in the Nineteenth Century' (1997), Louise A. Tilly's 'Politics and Class in Milan, 1881-1901' (1992), Gianni Toniolo's 'An Economic History of Liberal Italy, 1850-1918' (1990), and Geoffrey Wawro's 'The Austro-Prussian War: Austria's War with Prussia and Italy in 1866' (1996). [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:SCIENCE AND SELF-REVELATION IN RUGGIERO GIUSEPPE BOSCOVICH'S 'GIORNALE DI UN VIAGGIO DA COSTANTINOPOLI IN POLONIA'.

Authors:Bufalini, Robert.



Subjects:TRAVELJESUITSEUROPE, EasternDIARIESBOSCOVICH, Ruggero Giuseppe, 1711-1787

Abstract:The journal of Italian Jesuit mathematician and physicist Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich (1711-87) recounts his trip through eastern Europe in 1762 and is a fine example of 18th-century scientific travel writing, significant for its personal reflection on religious doubt during the Jesuit order's declining years. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954




Title:CROCE'S NOTION OF EXTERNALIZATION AND THE ALLEGED 'UNPAINTED PAINTING'.

Authors:Xu, Ping.



Subjects:ITALYCROCE, Benedetto, 1866-1952ARTAESTHETICS

Abstract:Presents a theory which refutes the critics of the aesthetic philosophy of Italian statesman, historian, and philosopher Benedetto Croce (1866-1952) by interpreting his view of artistic activity as an ongoing circular process composed of the simultaneous interaction of the artist's inner striving (intuition/expression), artistic technique, and physical recording (externalization) in the production of art. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0021-2954

Entry Number:51B:7139



Title:'COME SCULTOR CHE SCOPRA/GRAND'ARTE IN PICCIOL'OPRA': LUIGI TANSILLO AND A MINIATURE 'CANZONIERE' IN THE 'RIME DI DIVERSI' OF 1552.

Authors:Milburn, Erika.

Source:Italian Studies 2001 56: 4-29 26p.


Subjects:POETRYNAPLES (Italy)Tansillo, LuigiGiolito, Gabriel

Abstract:As a result of its Petrarchan models and its contribution to changes in Mannerist lyric narrative, the miniature 'canzoniere' of Luigi Tansillo (1510-68), published in an anthology by Gabriel Giolito (d. 1578), deserves more scholarly attention than is usually given to Neapolitan verse. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:VERACITY, VERSIMILITUDE, AND OPTICS IN PAINTING IN ITALY AT THE TURN OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

Authors:Glanville, Helen.



Subjects:PAINTINGOPTICSLEONARDO, da Vinci, 1452-1519ITALYMannerism

Abstract:Demonstrates how various Mannerist painters, influenced by the perspectival theories of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), including his mixing of pigments and his use of light, shade, and blue, were able to include a virtual observer into paintings by moving beyond the simulation of objective reality (verisimilitude) to the creation of an alternative subjective realism (veracity). [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:WOMEN READERS AND THE NOVEL IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY ITALY.

Authors:Caesar, Ann Hallamore.



Subjects:WOMENREADINGFICTIONITALY

Abstract:In order to protect women from the perceived worldliness and moral corruption found in nonfiction books of science, history, or politics - so-called manly reading - women in 19th-century Italy were restricted in their reading to devotional books earlier in the century and later to novels, written especially for women, that stressed domesticity or romantic love. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:THE ORIGINS AND INTERNAL DEVELOPMENTS OF THE MSI IN THE EARLY POST-WAR YEARS.

Authors:Keyse, Paola.



Subjects:POLITICAL partiesMOVIMENTO sociale italianoITALY

Abstract:Traces the foundation in 1946 and growth of the Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI) as a replacement for Benito Mussolini's Partito Fascista Repubblicano, known as the Salò Republic, proclaimed in northern Italy in 1943. Stresses the MSI's heterogeneous ideology and its collaboration in local politics with the ruling Christian Democratic Party until 1995. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:PASOLINI CON ADORNO: FASCISMO RIVISITATO.

Translated Title:Pasolini with Adorno: Fascism revisited.

Authors:Vighi, Fabio.



Subjects:PASOLINI, Pier Paolo, 1922-1975ITALYGERMANYFASCISMAdorno, Theodor '(Dialectic of Enlightenment)'

Abstract:Posits a parallel between the mature journalistic writings of Pier Paolo Pasolini (1922-75), who characterized post-1960's Italian society as reflecting a new 'fascism' because of its consumerist mass culture and the resulting loss of a sense of sacredness in everyday life, and the Frankfurt School's analysis of Nazism-Fascism, especially as seen in Theodor Adorno's theories of authoritarianism, alienation, and mimesis in his 'Dialectic of Enlightenment' (1947). [J. T. Mellone]



Language:Italian

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:THE DANGER OF DEMONS: THE ASTROLOGY OF MARSILIO FICINO.

Authors:Catani, Remo.



Subjects:THEOLOGYITALYFICINO, Marsilio, 1433-1499ASTROLOGY

Abstract:Presents an interpretive approach to the seemingly inconsistent thought of Italian scholar Marsilio Ficino (1433-99), who tried to establish a philosophical-religious syncretism of thought by integrating astrological writings into proper Church theology and teaching. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:IL MARCHESE DI ROCCAVERDINA: MYTH, HISTORY, AND HAGIOGRAPHY IN POST-RISORGIMENTO SICILY.

Authors:Barnaby, Paul.


Historical Period:1901-30's

Subjects:SOCIAL commentaryFICTIONSICILY (Italy)Capuana, Luigi '(Marchese di Roccaverdina)'

Abstract:Analyzes the crime and punishment of the protagonist of Luigi Capuana's 'Il Marchese di Roccaverdina' (1901) as a political and historical allegory and argues against the traditional interpretations of Capuana (1839-1915) as a positivist or neo-idealist, viewing him instead as commenting on the agrarian unrest and decline of feudalism in 1890's Sicily, while critiquing the ideologies of his day. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:FASCISM IN FICTION: PRATOLINI RECONSIDERED.

Authors:Hainsworth, Peter.



Subjects:PRATOLINI, VascoHISTORY -- PhilosophyFICTIONPHILOSOPHY, MarxistITALYFASCISM

Abstract:Interprets the fiction of Italian author Vasco Pratolini (1913-91) in light of his Marxist view of history, which led him, like the characters in his novels, to overcome his initial commitment to Italian Fascism and join the resistance movement, taking part in the Communist struggle against fascism and bourgeois capitalism. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:LEZIONE SU 'LA MALORA' DI BEPPE FENOGLIO.

Translated Title:A reading of Beppe Fenoglio's 'Ruin'.

Authors:Saccone, Eduardo.


Historical Period:ca 1945-63

Subjects:FICTIONITALYFenoglio, Beppe '(Malora)'

Abstract:Interprets Italian author Beppe Fenoglio's (1922-63) 'La Malora' as a tale of resistance in which the peasant named Agostino, through his snobbish toughness, obstinately resists his heredity and suffering despite succumbing to his misfortune. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:Italian

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:CECIL GRAYSON.

Authors:Woodhouse, J. R.



Subjects:RENAISSANCELITERATURE -- History & criticismITALYHISTORIANSGREAT BritainGrayson, Cecil (obituary)

Abstract:An obituary of famed Oxford Italianist Cecil Grayson (1920-98), a leading scholar and translator of Italian Renaissance literature, notably the works of Leon Battista Alberti. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0075-1634

Entry Number:51A:7976



Title:THE PUBLISHED WRITINGS OF CECIL GRAYSON.

Authors:Rhodes, Dennis E., comp.


Historical Period:ca 15c-16c; 1949-98

Subjects:RENAISSANCELITERATURE -- History & criticismITALYGRAYSON, CecilBIBLIOGRAPHICAL citationsBIBLIOGRAPHY

Abstract:A chronological bibliography of the books, articles, book reviews, and translations published from 1949 to 1998 by Cecil Grayson (1920-98), a noted British historian and translator of Italian Renaissance literature. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:CARLO DIONISOTTI.

Authors:Richardson, Brian and Saxby, Nelia.



Subjects:LITERATURE -- History & criticismITALYHISTORIANSDionisotti, Carlo (obituary)

Abstract:An obituary and an appreciation of Italian literary historian Carlo Dionisotti (1908-98), whose teaching and scholarship influenced post-World War II British Italianists to view Italian literature in its historical, political, and cultural contexts. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:MARINO, LE STREGHE, IL CARDINALE.

Translated Title:Marino, the witches, the cardinal.

Authors:Slawinski, Maurizio.



Subjects:WITCHCRAFTEPIC poetryITALYINQUISITIONScaglia, DesiderioMarino, Giambattista '(Adone)'

Abstract:Proposes that Giovan Battista (Giambattista) Marino's (1569-1625) treatment of nature, religion, and the supernatural in his epic poem 'L'Adone' (1623) was influenced by Cardinal Desiderio Scaglia's (1567-1639) analyses of witchcraft written while Scaglia was an Inquisitor General of the Roman Inquisition. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:Italian

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND INTELLECTUAL CONTEXT OF LORD CHARLEMONT'S MANUSCRIPT 'HISTORY OF ITALIAN POETRY FROM DANTE TO METASTASIO'.

Authors:Talbot, George.



Subjects:POETRYLITERATURE -- History & criticismITALIANSCharlemont, 1st Earl of '(History of Italian Poetry from Dante to Metastasio)'

Abstract:James Caulfield (1728-99), 4th Viscount and 1st Earl of Charlemont, was a Dublin-born Italophile whose grand tours of Italy inspired him to produce a manuscript history in English of Italian poetry. The work was intended to legitimize the Italian literary tradition in the English-speaking world. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:LA CRITICA MILITANTE DI GIUSEPPE ANTONIO BORGESE.

Translated Title:The militant criticism of Giuseppe Antonio Borgese.

Authors:Parisi, Luciano.



Subjects:POLITICAL scienceCRITICISMJOURNALISMITALYBorgese, Giuseppe Antonio

Abstract:The short journalistic pieces written by Giuseppe Antonio Borgese (1882-1952) for 'La Stampa' and 'Il Corriere della Sera' form a coherent proactive body of literary criticism that provide original interpretative syntheses of his contemporaries' literary works and that contrast greatly with his academic writings, which were reactive to the literary theories of other critics, especially Benedetto Croce (1866-1952). [J. T. Mellone]



Language:Italian

ISSN:0075-1634




Title:ABBOT SCAGLIA, THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM AND ANGLO-SAVOYARD RELATIONS DURING THE 1620S.

Authors:Osborne, Toby.

Source:European History Quarterly 2000 30(1): 5-32 28p.

Historical Period:1620's

Subjects:SPAINSAVOY (France & Italy)ENGLANDDIPLOMACYCHARLES Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, 1562-1630BUCKINGHAM, George Villiers, Duke of, 1592-1628Scaglia, Alessandro Cesare

Abstract:Analyzes in detail the diplomatic efforts of Abbot Alessandro Cesare Scaglia (1592-1641), the ordinary ambassador of Duke Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy (1562-1630), in brokering a peace between England and Spain in the 1620's. Charles Emmanuel sought Spain's support in his claims to the throne of Montferrat. This claim came at the cost of war with rival claimant Mantua and, potentially, conflict with Richelieu's France. Scaglia's goal was to further Anglo-French hostilities to keep France continually occupied militarily in the Atlantic, giving Savoy a free hand in northern Italy. This he attempted through his personal rapport with the duke of Buckingham, George Villiers (1592-1628), and by extension Charles I of England. Their interest in closer dynastic, artistic, and cultural ties to Catholic Europe attracted them to Scaglia, whose status as an art connoisseur and cultured Catholic greatly impressed them. The abbot's diplomacy is usually a neglected aspect of power politics in the 1620's. Charles I's parliamentary difficulties, combined with Buckingham's premature death in 1628, eroded Scaglia's influence in England, leading ultimately to the failure of his diplomacy. Anglo-French hostilities soon ceased and there was a renewal of French preoccupation with northern Italy. [J. T. Mellone]

Notes:Based on material in the Public Record Office, Archivio di Stato di Torino, Archives du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, and other archives; 70 notes.



Language:English

ISSN:0265-6914




Title:THE BUDGET DEBATE OF 1926: A CASE STUDY IN WEIMAR DEMOCRACY.

Authors:Clingan, C. Edmund.


Historical Period:ca 1926

Subjects:GERMANYECONOMIC policyDEMOCRACYDEBATES & debatingBUDGET

Abstract:The widely held view of the 1926 German budget as a contributing cause to the economic depression later in the decade is misleading. The German economic slump was due instead to mistakes made during 1929-32. The Weimar budget of 1926, devised by Finance Minister Peter Reinhold and supported by Chancellor Hans Luther (1879-1962), sought to foster economic growth by cutting taxes. It was the first German budget passed by the annual 1 April deadline. The debates in the Reichsrat and Reichstag exemplified the Weimar democratic system working in a normal fashion and saw reasoned debate take place among Social Democrats, the Nationalist Party, the Catholic Center, the People's Party, and other factions. Interest groups on the right and the left were vocal and influenced the proceedings considerably. Concessions on the part of Reinhold and compromises on the various taxes outlined in the budget contributed to its passage. The budget of 1926 can be seen as a 'premature attempt at societal corporatism,' the real policy failure occurring when the budget was not followed the next year. [J. T. Mellone]

Notes:Based on 'Akten der Reichskanzlei,' 'Verhandlungen des Deutsches Reichstags,' and documents in the Bundesarchiv Koblenz; 61 notes.



Language:English

ISSN:0265-6914




Title:THE PRIETO - GIL-ROBLES MEETING OF OCTOBER 1947: BRITAIN AND THE FAILURE OF THE SPANISH ANTI-FRANCO COALITION, 1945-50.

Authors:Dunthorn, David J.



Subjects:SPAINPRIETO, IndalecioOPPOSITION (Political science)GREAT BritainINTERNATIONAL relationsCOALITIONSGil Robles, José María

Abstract:In 1947 the British Foreign Office assisted the external opposition against the regime of General Francisco Franco (1892-1975) in Spain by bringing together for negotiations in London the leader of the republicans, Indalecio Prieto (1883-1962), and his monarchist counterpart, José María Gil Robles (1898-1980). The pretender to the throne of Spain, Don Juan de Borbón (1913-93), was still maneuvering for a return to power in the form of a constitutional monarchy to replace Franco's dictatorship. In the context of the burgeoning Cold War, and with the risk of civil war great if Franco's regime fell, Britain pursued a contradictory policy of aiding negotiations between opposition leaders but staying clear of direct support for anti-Franco initiatives. The Tripartite Declaration (France, Britain, United States) to the UN in March 1946 and a UN General Assembly resolution in December 1946 called for consensual government and free elections in Spain. The meetings between Prieto and Gil Robles led to the Pact of Saint Jean de Luz in August 1948, in which both sides compromised regarding the role of the monarchy in a post-Franco government. It was stillborn, however, because Don Juan had meanwhile agreed with Franco to honor the latter's succession law, effectively ending any hope of his replacing the dictator. [J. T. Mellone]

Notes:Based on material in the Archives of the Presidency of the Government and Head of State in Madrid, the Pablo Iglesias Foundation, the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Madrid, and the Public Record Office in London; 64 notes.



Language:English

ISSN:0265-6914




Title:THE 'REGIME-MODEL' OF FASCISM: A TYPOLOGY.

Authors:Kallis, Aristotle A.



Subjects:POLITICAL systemsMODELS & modelmakingFASCISMEUROPE

Abstract:Accepts the bilateral view of two types or phases of fascism, one as movement and one as regime, and offers a further explication of the regime model of fascism. Four components are outlined: ideology, domestic consolidation, long-term policymaking, and scope of ambitions. Of the nation-states analyzed, Nazi Germany is seen as the most extreme and dynamic version of the regime model in every component. Fascist Italy is characterized as the archetypal fascist regime. The other countries surveyed include Spain, Portugal, Greece, Austria, Hungary, and Romania, all of which departed from the conventional model of authoritarian regimes by incorporating some but not all aspects of fascism. These regimes adopted a fascist profile and aped formalistic aspects of the fascist style, but lacked the alternative political visions that set Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy apart. The latter two created new versions of authoritarianism based on a radical reordering of social forces, forms of participation, and long-term political objectives. [J. T. Mellone]

Notes:Based mostly on secondary sources; 56 notes.



Language:English

ISSN:0265-6914




Title:WHY THE FRENCH FAILED: NEW WORK ON THE MILITARY HISTORY OF FRENCH IMPERIALISM 1792-1815.

Authors:Black, Jeremy.



Subjects:NAPOLEONIC Wars, 1800-1815MILITARY historyBOOKS -- ReviewsFRANCE -- History -- Revolution, 1789-1799

Abstract:Reviews three new military histories of the French revolutionary and Napoleonic era: Paddy Griffith's 'The Art of War of Revolutionary France 1789-1802,' David Gates's 'The Napoleonic Wars 1802-1815,' and Rory Muir's 'Britain and the Defeat of Napoleon 1807-1815,' which is in essence a bibliographic essay that discusses the most significant works in English to appear on this topic in recent years. These works reflect the apparent demise of military history as a valued genre in academic circles. There is a dearth of academic appointments of military historians in Britain and an even greater one in the United States. This is offset by the quality military history done usually by nonacademics, work that is thoroughly researched, well written, and insightful. The works help explain Napoleon's overextension of his political and military systems. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0265-6914

Entry Number:52:409



Title:THE GERMAN NATIONAL LEAGUE IN BRITAIN AND IDEAS OF A GERMAN OVERSEAS EMPIRE, 1859-67.

Authors:Kirchberger, Ulrike.



Subjects:PROPAGANDADEUTSCHER NationalvereinIMPERIALISMGREAT BritainGERMANYIMMIGRANTS

Abstract:Prior to German unification under Prussia (1866-70), Germans in Britain were propagandized by the German National Union (Deutscher Nationalverein) or National League in order to foster allegiance to their stateless homeland. Rather than assist expatriate Germans in assimilating into British society, the National Union stressed the values of a worldwide German community abroad - its German language, culture, and history. Through articles in 'Hermann,' its weekly periodical, the National Union advocated a unified and democratic Germany but also strongly supported the establishment of a German overseas empire. Political exiles from the Revolution of 1848 were leaders in this call to colonialism. Unlike their compatriots in Germany, where internal concerns were paramount, they observed the effects of empire in fostering British nationalism, and through a competitive imitation saw colonial possessions as a way to further unification. The efforts of the German National Union in Britain foreshadowed the late-19th-century German nationalism and imperialism that tried to achieve great power status for Germany through an overseas empire rivaling the empires of France and Britain. [J. T. Mellone]

Notes:Based on 'Hermann' and secondary sources; 75 notes.



Language:English

ISSN:0265-6914




Title:'AGAINST THE STATE': A GENEALOGY OF THE BARCELONA MAY DAYS (1937).

Authors:Graham, Helen.



Subjects:BARCELONA (Spain)POLITICAL partiesRIGHT & left (Political science)CIVIL warCIVIL disobedience

Abstract:Analyzes the struggles between the political parties of the Left in Catalonia in Republican Spain during the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39: the Esquerra, the Confederación Nacional de Trabajo, the Federación Anarquista Ibérica, the Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista, and the Partido Socialista Unificado de Cataluña. The Generalitat, the autonomous Catalan government led by President Lluis Companys (1883-1940), struggled to maintain order in the face of mounting civil unrest caused by the generally poor working conditions of the urban proletariat and shortages of food and other rationed materials. Political agitation led to the Barcelona street rebellion in May 1937, which saw the anarchist militia forces of these political parties barricade streets and occupy the Barcelona telephone exchange. With war production at risk, as well as the stability of the politically fractured Republican army at the Aragon front, the central Republican government sent state troops to assist the police forces of the Generalitat in disarming the general populace and quashing the militia-led rebellion. The May suppression was a critical component in the consolidation of centralized state power and the end of revolutionary political power within a newly nationalized Republic. [J. T. Mellone]

Notes:Based mostly on secondary sources; 2 maps, 161 notes.



Language:English

ISSN:0265-6914




Title:FALANGE, AUTARKY AND CRISIS: THE BARCELONA GENERAL STRIKE OF 1951.

Authors:Richards, Michael.



Subjects:STRIKES & lockouts, SympatheticBARCELONA (Spain)FASCISMECONOMIC policyAUTARCHY

Abstract:The Franco regime in Spain pursued an economic policy of autarky in the 1940's, that decreased wages, raised prices, and caused poverty among the general populace. Periodic resistance in the late 1940's culminated in December 1950 when the Barcelona tram fare was increased without a concomitant increase in Madrid. Outraged at the unequal treatment, the separatist-minded Catalan populace staged a boycott of the privately owned, state-backed Barcelona tram company. Instigated by students of the Sindicato Español Universitario, old-guard dissidents of the Central Nacional Sindicalista, and the Juntas de Agitación Nacional Sindicalistas, violence ensued due to the intransigence of the civil authorities. In response to police killings of protesters, workers inspired by the Partido Socialista Unificado de Cataluña staged a general strike in March 1951. Police soon ended demonstrations by making a thousand arrests, executing protest leaders, and sending workers back to work. Although the regime was never seriously threatened, unrest spread to other cities, moving the regime to economic and political reform. The general strike of 1951 can be seen as a turning point in the Franco regime in its move from 1940's fascist repression to 1950's authoritarian rule. [J. T. Mellone]

Notes:Based on Foreign Office papers in the British Public Record Office (London) and records of the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista in Madrid; 160 notes.



Language:English

ISSN:0265-6914




Title:POLITICAL CHANGE IN EASTERN EUROPE.

Authors:Gallagher, Tom.



Subjects:POLITICAL changeBOOKS -- ReviewsEUROPE, Eastern

Abstract:Reviews Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries's revisionist historical survey, 'A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change' (1998); Vladimir Tismaneanu's political and intellectual history, 'Fantasies of Salvation: Democracy, Nationalism and Myth in Post-Communist Europe' (1998); 'Crises in the Balkans: Views from the Participants' (1997), edited by Constantine P. Danopoulos and Kostas G. Messas, a well-rounded critique of Western policies in the various Balkan states; Albert P. Melone's account of Bulgaria's success after 1989, 'Creating Parliamentary Government: The Transition to Democracy in Bulgaria' (1998); and 'Central Europe in the Twentieth Century: An Economic History Perspective' (1997), a collection of essays by economic historians on attempts in Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, and Romania to overcome economic backwardness edited by Alice Teichova. [J. T. Mellone]



Language:English

ISSN:0265-6914


