meljun cortes computer information processing chapter 8 with notes
TRANSCRIPT
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CCT101: Chapter 8
Operating Systems and Utility Programs
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OBJECTIVES
Identify the various types of system software
Differentiate between an operating system and utilityprogram
Describe the features of operating systems
Describe the functions of an operating system Identify and briefly describe popular operating systems
used today
Discuss the purpose of the following utilities:
File viewer, file compression, diagnostic, disk scanner,defragmenter, uninstaller, backup, anti virus, and screensaver
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SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Consists of the programs that control the operations of
the computer and its devices
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OPERATING SYSTEMS
A set of programs containing instructions that
coordinate all of the activities among
computer hardware resources
Allows you to run application software
The operating system used on a computer is called
the software platform
Some applications run on several operating system
(cross-platform)
For example, FileMaker Pro, runs on MicrosoftWindows and Macintosh operating system
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OPERATING SYSTEMS
User interfaces
Part of the software with which you interact
Controls how data and instructions are entered and
information is presented in the screen
Command-line interface
Type keywords or press special keys
Command language (The set of commands you use to
interact with the computer)
Graphical user interface (GUI)
Use menus and visual images such as icons, buttons to
issue commands User-friendly
Browser-like features
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OPERATING SYSTEMS
Features of Operating Systems
Single user (single tasking)
Allows only one user to run one program at a time
Multitasking
Allows a single user to work on two or more applications that
reside in memory at the same time
Foreground application
Background applications
Multiuser
Enables two or more users to run a program simultaneously
Multiprocessing Can support two or more CPUs running programs at the same
time
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OPERATING SYSTEMS
Functions of an Operating System
Memory management Use virtual memory to optimize RAM
To allocate, or assign data and instructions to an area of
memory while they are being processed
To monitor carefully the contents of the items in memory
To clear the items from memory
Manages the contents ofbuffer (Area of memory orstorage in which data and information is placed)
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OPERATING SYSTEMS
Virtual memory (VM)
OS allocates a portion of storagemedium, to function as additional RAM
Swap file
The area of the hard disk used forvirtual memory
Swap data and program instructions
Pages and paging
Page : The amount of data and programinstructions exchanged at a given time
Paging : The technique of swappingitems
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OPERATING SYSTEMS
Spooling print jobs Jobs placed in a buffer before sent to a printer
Because the CPU sends print jobs to the printer at a
rate much faster than the printer can print The CPU is available to process next instruction
Print spooler : The program that manages and
intercepts print jobs and places them in the queue
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OPERATING SYSTEMS
Configuring devices Device drivers : A small program that accepts
commands from another program and then converts
the commands into commands that the device
understands When you add a new device, a driver also must be
present
Plug and Play
Interrupt request (IRQ)
Communications line between a deviceand the CPU
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OPERATING SYSTEMS
Monitoring system performance Performance monitoring software
Accesses and reports information about
various system resources and devices
Helps user to identify problems withresources
Administering security
Logging on
User ID
Password
Compare with file
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OPERATING SYSTEMS
Managing storage media and files
File manager program
Formatting and copying disks
Displaying lists of files
Checking the amount of used and free space
Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting
files
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POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS
DOS
Disk Operating System
Several versions
PC-DOS : For IBM computers MS-DOS : For IBM-compatible personal computers
Command-line
Less popular
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POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS
Windows 3.x
Windows 3.0, Windows 3.1, and Windows 3.11
Operating environment
Graphical user interface that works in combination with an operatingsystem to simplify its use
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POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS
Windows 95
True multitasking operating system
Improved graphical user interface
Supports networking Plug and Play technology
Longer file names
E-mail
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POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS
Windows 98
Upgrade to Windows 95
Includes Microsoft Internet Explorer
New features Faster system startup and shutdown
Better file management
Supports USB
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POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS
Windows 2000
Upgrade to Windows 98 and Windows NT
Graphical user interface
Windows 2000 Server Network servers
Windows 2000 Professional
Stand-alone business desktop or laptop computers, and clients
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POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS
Windows CE
Designed for use on wireless communicationsdevices and smaller computers
Graphical user interface
Requires limited memory Supports multitasking, e-mail and Internetcapabilities
Auto PC
Is a device mounted onto a vehicles dashboard
Using an automobile equipped with Auto PC, thedriver can obtain information such as drivingdirections, traffic condition and etc
Direct through voice commands
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POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS
UNIX
Multi-user and multitasking
Command-line interface
Difficult to remember and use Capable of handling a high volume of transactions in a multi-user
environment and working with multiple CPUs using
multiprocessing
Used on Workstations and servers
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POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS
Linux
Free
Open-source software
The code is made available to the public Customers can personalize the software to meet their needs
Users can modify the software to share their improvement with
others
Gaining in popularity
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POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS
NetWare
Widely used network operating system designed for client-server
networks
Server portion resides on network server Client portion resides on each client computer
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UTILITY PROGRAMS
Also called a utility
Performs a specific task, usually related to managing a
computer, its devices, or its programs
Built into operating system
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UTILITY PROGRAMS
File viewer
Displays the contents of a file
Quick view Display the content of text files
Imaging preview For graphics files File compression utility
Reduces, or compresses the size of a file
Takes up less storage space
Improves system performance
Reduces downloading and transmission time
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UTILITY PROGRAMS
Diagnostic utility Compiles technical information about the
computers hardware and certain system software
programs
Prepares a report outlining any identified problems
Disk scanner
Detects and corrects both physical and logical
problems on a hard disk or floppy disk
Scandisk
Detects and corrects problems Disk cleanup
Searches for and removes unwanted files
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UTILITY PROGRAMS
Disk defragmenter
Reorganizes the files and unused space on a computers hard
disk
Data can be accessed more quickly Programs can run faster
Uninstaller
Removes an application, as well as any associated entries in the
system files
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UTILITY PROGRAMS
Backup utility
Allows user to copy, or backup selected files or the
entire hard disk
Compress files
Antivirus
Prevents, detects and removes viruses from a
computers memory or storage devices
Virus is a program that copies itself into other
programs and spreads through multiple computers
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UTILITY PROGRAMS
Screen saver
Causes the monitors screen to display a moving image or blank
screen
To secure a computer, user can configure the screen saver byentering password