meljun cortes--computer ict it definition

8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer ICT IT Definition

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INFORMATION TECHONOLOGY

What is ICT (Information Communication Technology)?ICT ± is the term used to describe the convergence of Information Technology

telecommunications and Data Networking Technologies into singleTechnology.

ICT ± is the fusion of computers & Telecommunications. Computers

enable people to work creatively.

ICT ± is practically the catch-all phrase used to describe a rangeof technologies that enable society to create, collect, consolidate,communicate, manage and process information inmultimedia and various digital formats for different purposes

example:computersCD-ROMCable TVCellular phonesInternet




What is a Computer?What is a Computer?

Computers are not very intelligent devices, but

they handle instructions flawlessly and fast.They must follow explicit directions from both

the user and computer programmer.

Computers are really nothing more than a very

powerful calculator with some greataccessories. Applications like word processing

and games are just a very complex math

problem.




COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM- is made up of 6 parts:

1.) HARDWAREHARDWARE2.) SOFTWARESOFTWARE3.) DATA/INFORMATIONDATA/INFORMATION4.) PROCEDURESPROCEDURES5.) PEOPLEPEOPLE6.) COMMUNICATIONS (Connectivity)COMMUNICATIONS (Connectivity)

- its purpose is to transforms raw DATADATA--inputinput touseful & meaningful INFORMATIONINFORMATION--outputoutput.

COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM




Hardware ComponentsHardware Components

Input Devices -- "How to tell it what to do" - A keyboard and mouse are the standard way to interact withthe computer. Other devices include joysticks and game padsused primarly for games.Output Devices -- "How it shows you what it is doing" - The monitor (the screen) is how the computer sendsinformation back to you, whether it be surfing the web orwriting a memo. A printer is also an output device.Storage Devices -- "How it saves data and programs" -Hard disk drives are an internal, higher capacity drive whichalso stores the operating system which runs when you poweron the computer.

³Floppy" disk drives allow you to save work onsmall disks and take the data with you.




Memory -- "How the processor stores and uses immediate data"

- When you use a program, the computer loads a portion of

the program from the hard drive to the much faster memory

(RAM). When you "save" your work or quit the program, thedata gets written back to the hard drive.

Microprocessors -- "The brain of the computer"

PCs primarily use microprocessors (sometimes called the chip)manufactured by Intel. The older Intel versions include the 386,486 and now the Pentium line.- Macintoshes use PowerPC processors by Motorola.- Megahertz (MHz) is the internal processor speed in whichcomputer instructions are performed. The MHz speed does notalways indicate the power of the microprocessor. Newerprocessors can execute more instructions at the same or slowerMHz. For example, an Intel 486 @100MHz is less powerful than a

Pentium @75 MHz (but the MHz is "faster").




Hardware Accessories

Modems- Modems allow you to communicate with other computers using a phoneline. Modem speeds are in bits per second (14.4, 28.8 and 56 thousandbits per second are standard).

CD-ROM Drives- A CD-ROM drive is a high capacity storage device which lets you readdata from the disk, but not write data back. The speed of the drive (howfast the CD platter spins) is measured in multiples from the firstgeneration drives. New drives are up to 24X (or 24 times the first drives),but while the CD spins faster, it is not really 24 times faster in actual

output.Printers-There are different types of printers (laser, ink jet, dot matrix) withdiffering quality of output. They are measured in dpi (dots per inch) andppm (pages per minute), the higher the better.Scanners

- Scanners "digitize" printed material (like photos and graphics) and saveit to a graphic file format (like .GIF or .JPG) for display on the computer.




Operating System SoftwareOperating system software provides a "userinterface" for users to manage files, startprograms, customize computer settings, andother tasks. The operating system also providesthe fundamental core computer functionality for

programmers.

Intel based PCs use Microsoft Windows version3.1 (older) or Windows 95 as the operatingsystem. Macintoshes use the Macintosh operatingsystem.




Computer Components· Monitor· Keyboard

· Mouse· Floppy Disk (A: drive)· CD ROM· Hard Disk (C: drive)· Printer· Speakers and Headphones· Central Processing Unit (CPU)

. Hardware· Read-Only Memory (ROM)· Random Access Memory (RAM)· Operating System· Wind ows· windows

. Floppy Disks· CD ROMs· Other CDs· Storage Device Organization




Monitor- Video Display

The monitor displays the text and graphics generated by the computer.

In

putDevice




KeyboardThe keyboard allows you to enter information into your

computer. It is similar to a typewriter but has somedifferent keys that perform special functions.

Input

Device




MouseThe mouse is a pointing device that allows you to selectand manipulate objects you see on your monitor.




Floppy Disk (A: drive)Floppy disks go in the A: drive of your computer. They are removablestorage on which your computer can read or write files.




CD-ROM (D: drive)The CD-ROM disks are inserted into your system's D: drive. They can

store much more information than a floppy disk, but your computer cannot

write to them. This is because they are Read-Only Memory (ROM




Hard Disk (C: drive)The hard disk is located inside the CPU and is similar to a floppy disk. Theonly differences are it cannot be removed, can store more data or files, andcontains important files or programs.




PrinterThe printer prints text and pictures you create on your machine.




Speakers or headphonesThe headphones and speakers allow the user to hear the audioportion of a program




Central Processing Unit (CPU)The unit houses the brain of your computer, including the memory, power

supply, and central processor. All other components are considered

peripheral.



INFORMATION TECHONOLOGYHardware

Hardware is the tangible computer equipment such as a CPU, keyboard, mouse, monitor, etc.Software

Software is the computer programs, routines, and symbolic languages that control the function of the

hardware, such as Windows, Word, Excel, etc.

Memory

Memory is the internal storage areas in the computer. The term identifies data storage that comes in

the form of chips, and the word storage is used for the memory that exists on tapes or disks.

Moreover, the term memory is usually used as shorthand for physical memory, which refers to the

actual chips capable of holding data. Therefore, memory is both hardware and software.Read-Only Memory (ROM)

ROM is computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written on a

ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read. ROM retains its contents even when the

computer is turned off. ROM is referred to as being nonvolatile. Most personal computers contain a

small amount of ROM that stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer. In

addition, ROM is used extensively in calculators and peripheral devices such as laser printers, whose

fonts are often stored in ROM.

Random-Access Memory (RAM)RAM is a type of memory that can be accessed randomly and is the most common type of memory

found in computers and other devices, such as printers. Also called the main memory.

Operating System

An operating system is the program (software) on top of which all programs run. It controls or

o perates the system and the relationships of the hardware and software. Windows is an example of

an operating system.

Windows

W ind ow s is an operating system. It is a multi-tasking environment and is a graphical user interface(GUI) that uses windows.




windowsA window is an element of Wind ows and contains othercomputer programs, which operate independently of each other. Information can be shared betweenwindows. Windows have frames and contain minimize,resize, and close buttons in the upper right corner.




Files A File is a contiguous group of bytes. For instance, your resume would

be contained in a single File. Every File must have a name. Filenames

cannot contain the characters

* | \ < > " ? /

Files are also designated by their type. For instance, your resume may

have been created in Microsoft Word, but your budget may have been

created in Mocrosoft Excel. Files are given an extension, such as .d oc,

.xls, .pdf , .jpg , .bm p. The extension is located after a period, which is

placed between the extension and the filename.

You do not have to type the extension or period when naming a file. The

computer program you are working in will perform this operation for you.




File StorageFiles are stored on disks. The floppy disk (called"floppy" because inside the plastic casing there is aflexible disk) is placed in the A: drive and the harddisk inside the computer is generally the C: drive.

FoldersFolders can be created on storage disks to helporganize information. Folders have an iconresembling a file folder. An example of a folder is "MyDocuments.""My Documents" folder is located on the hard disk C:.In most computer programs, "My Documents" is thelocation where files will be stored.If you want to change the location of where files willbe stored, you must make sure that the disk youwould like to store your information on is thedesignated disk.




Thank you«.Thank you«.