Meeting the Needs of Families Part 1 Dyslexia

Meeting the Needs of Families Part 1DyslexiaBy: Louise Elaine Santos300805225

Case: A child with dyslexiaAnnie is in School Age program during the summer program. During the end of the school year, Annie has been diagnosed with dyslexia. She has really struggled on her report card, failing many academic subjects. I have notices that Annie has very low self-esteem and becomes uncomfortable when asked to play board games or any activities that involves reading. Her parents are very upset and disappointed with the diagnosis. In their Asian culture, the expectation for children are to be highly successful in school to ensure higher education in the future. Annies parents do not agree with the diagnosis and feel that Annie is just not working hard enough.

What are the needs of the family in this case?

Annie was diagnosed with dyslexia.Annie needs support to learn how to read and to be more comfortable in reading.Her self esteem is very low because of her disability.Her parents have very high expectation for Annie to excel in academics.Her parents are upset, disappointed and do not agree about her diagnosis.

Dyslexia is a learning disability where in a child has difficulty understanding spoken and written words. The brain processing of words looks different for a child with dyslexia and how a child without dyslexia looks. In this picture, a child that has dyslexia might write and perceive some letters and words differently. Like in this picture, the child writes letter s and letter e differently in other words of her sentence. (photo: www.gannett-cdn.com)

Dyslexia

DyslexiaAccording to Thereadingclinic.ca (2016), Dyslexiais a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge.

DyslexiaAccording to Mayoclinic.org (2014), Dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words. Also called specific reading disability, dyslexia is a common learning disability in children. It is a lifelong condition caused by inherited traits that affect how your brain works.From Thereadingclinic.ca, dyslexia may present with varying degrees of severity. In Ontario, dyslexic students may be identified by the Ministry of Education as learning disabled with a Communication Exception. The terms Specific Reading Disability, Specific Spelling Disability or Specific Writing Disability may also be used. Many people refer to dyslexia simply as a reading disability.

DyslexiaDyslexia is not an indication of low intelligence or laziness. It is a disability wherein the brain of a child process words and letters differently. Dyslexia is one of the most common diagnosed learning disability in children. It is estimated that 15-20% of the population has dyslexia and approximately 5 million Canadians have this disability. In every classroom, there are likely 4-5 students have difficulty in reading and writing. Here is an example video of a child with dyslexia reading by Wendy Wick uploaded on youtube.com last May 9, 2011 entitled Maya Reading.

Causes of DyslexiaAccording to researches and studies, dyslexia is hereditary. It might run in the family or could be pass to members of the family. Dyslexia is linked to some defect from genes that control the development and processing of the brain. Typically, a person with dyslexia has problems with phonological awareness. Here is a sample MRI of a person without dyslexia and a person with dyslexia. The red shaded part are the parts of the brain that are usually functioning during reading. In this image, we could see that a person with dyslexia, in (photo: archive.adl.org)this case, functions only one part of his brain when reading.

Causes of Dyslexia

According to Lapkin E. (2014), there are three possible cause of dyslexia. Genes and heredity:Dyslexia often runs in families. About 40 % of siblings of children with dyslexia may have the same reading issues. As many as 49% of parents of children with dyslexia may have it.Brain anatomy:The planum temporale, the area of the brain for understanding language, is typically larger in the dominant hemisphere (the left side of the brain for right-handed people) than the other hemisphere. But a child with dyslexia, the planum temporale is about the same size on both the left and right sides of the brain.

Causes of DyslexiaBrain activity:To be able to read, our brains have to translate the symbols we see on the page into sounds. Then those sounds have to be combined into meaningful words. Childrens brain with dyslexia does not work the same way.

Causes of DyslexiaAccording to Dyslexiacentre.ca (2016), Another cause of dyslexia is the absence of phonemic awareness. Phonemic awareness is related in learning to read. It is the capability of a person to distinguishing between different sounds that make up syllables or spoken words.

According to Dysleciacentre.ca (2016), Children without phonemic awareness are incapable of executing phoneme segmentation, phoneme elimination, phoneme comparison and association, phoneme numbering, phoneme replacement, sound segregation and rhymes.

Causes of DyslexiaPhoneme segmentation is the ability to break a word into individual sounds of its letters.Phoneme elimination is the ability of know what letters would be left if a letter in a word is removed.Phoneme comparison and association is the ability of comparing and knowing the similarity of words with the same starting letter.Phoneme numbering is knowing the sound of the letters in a word.Phoneme replacement is determining what new word would be formed if replaced by one letter in a word given. Sound segregation is the ability to recognize a word when combing several letters.Rhymes or rhyming is the ability to know words that have the same ending sound.

Effects of Dyslexia

There are negative effects brought by dyslexia. There are social and developmental skills that could be affected when a child has dyslexia. According to Mayoclinic.org (2014), the number one effect of dyslexia to children is having trouble in learning. Since reading is a basic skill needed most in academic activities, a child with dyslexia might have a hard time learn lessons and may have trouble keeping with peers. This would also cause withdrawal behaviours and low self esteem. According to Mayoclinic.org (2014), children with dyslexia has a high risk of having ADHD as well.

Developmental skills affected by DyslexiaAccording to Lapkin E. (2016), there are everyday skills that are affected by dyslexia to a child. Here are the following skills that are affected by dyslexia:Social skills:Dyslexia can affect a childs social life. Struggling in school can make a child feel inferior around other children. Listening comprehension:People with dyslexia tend to be better listeners than readers. But dyslexia can make it hard to filter out background noise. This means that a child could have trouble understanding what a person is saying in a noisy classroom.

Developmental skills affected by DyslexiaMemory:Children with dyslexia can take so long to read a sentence that they may not remember the sentence that came before it. This makes it tough to grasp the meaning of the text. Navigation:Children with dyslexia may struggle with spatial concepts such as left and right. Time management:Dyslexia can make it hard to tell time or follow to a schedule.

Signs and symptoms of Dyslexia to childrenChildren whos speech and language during early age has a high risk to have dyslexia. There are many signs and symptoms that a child might have dyslexia and these signs and symptoms must go together and does not go away easily. Basically, children with dyslexia shows signs and symptoms of difficulty in developing learning skills such as determining letters, speaking, writing, or grasping pencil or crayon. Children with dyslexia has difficulty recognising letters in the alphabet and was not able to learn to read even in older age.

Signs and symptoms of Dyslexia to children

Here are the signs and symptoms of dyslexia in preschool age according to Lapkin E. (2016):Has trouble recognizing the letters of the alphabetStruggles to match letters to sounds, such as not knowing what soundsbor h makeHas difficulty blending sounds into words, such as connecting C-H-A-T to the word chatStruggles to pronounce words correctly, such as saying mawn lower instead of lawn mowerHas difficulty learning new wordsHas a smaller vocabulary than other kids the same ageHas trouble learning to count or say the days of the week and other common word sequencesHas trouble rhyming

Signs and symptoms of Dyslexia to childrenHere are the signs and symptoms of dyslexia in school age according to Lapkin E. (2016):Struggles with reading and spellingConfuses the order of letters, such as writing left instead of feltHas trouble remembering facts and numbersHas difficulty gripping a pencilHas difficulty using proper grammarHas trouble learning new skills and relies heavily on memorizationGets tripped up by word problems in mathHas a tough time sounding out unfamiliar wordsHas trouble following a sequence of directions

Forms of DyslexiaThere are three common forms of dyslexia determined DDT or Dyslexia Determination Test. Dysnemkinesia (motor)- A deficit in remembering how to do the movements needed for writing. A child would reverse writing letter such as b and d. Dysphonesia (auditory)- A deficit in the ability to sound off, to syllabicate, to pronounce and to distinguish sounds of unfamiliar words.Dyseidesia (visual)- A deficit in the ability to recognize whole words by sight and match them to whole-word sounds.

Strategies to Meet the Needs of Annie

1. Using S-E-E-SFor Annie to be able to easily read the boards and charts such as the scheduled routine in the room, I will make it printed in bigger fonts, I will use pictures for her to see and I will simplify the words that I will use so that she can understand it easily. Here is an example of a scheduled routine that is simplified with bigger fonts and pictures.

1. Using S-E-E-SI will also label the bins of toys, shelfs and materials in the room with bigger fonts and pictures. I will also glue a sample of the toy in the bin or in the shelf if possible for Annie to see where the things in the room go.

2. Talking Near to AnnieFrom the definition of dyslexia from the previous slide, it was stated that a child with dyslexia sometimes has a hard time decoding spoken words especially when there is too much noise. Talking closer to Annie and going to her eye-level would be another strategy to support her.

3. Buddy SystemTo boost Annies self-esteem and social skills, I will use a buddy system for the children. It is not only for her but also for all the children in the room to make more friends and increase their social skills. Everyday, I will assign each child in the room with a partner. This buddy system will change everyday so that all the children could connect more to all the children in the room. The buddy system will also assist Annie if she also struggle with spatial concept of left and right. With a partner, Annie would be able to get more familiarize with the environment of the center.

4. Using Adaptive Device

Since Annie is in school age now, she is able to use and navigate gadgets and use applications to help her learn to read and write without having a hard time by using adaptive devices. Here are some examples of adaptive devices that Annie can use for her homework and for learning. Dragon Naturally Speaking- According to L. McCaie (2016), it is a computer program that has a speech dictation program. It uses the power of speech to create, format and edit documents. This amazing adaptive devicelets the child talk to it and types for the child.

4. Using Adaptive DeviceInspiration Child- According to L. McCaie (2016), it is a computer program that helps the children organize their ideas using pictures in a form of a diagram. Here is an example how this computer program works:

4. Using Adaptive DeviceKurzweil 1000 and Kurzweil 3000- According to L. McCaie (2016), this two software that can access virtual information whether it is printed, electronic or from the internet. It reads aloud using a humanlike voice. It also highlights, enlarge fonts, brighten text, use voice notes and text circle tools for better visual learning. It is also used to create outlines, study guides or word list. Here is a video how Kurweil 1000 works by Berman J. (2014):

4. Using Adaptive DeviceZoom Text- According to L. McCaie (2016), it is a device that enlarges and enhances everything on the computer screen, and making applications larger. Here is a tutorial video by Aisquared (2012) on how to use Zoom Text.

4. Using Adaptive DeviceHere are more applications that is available to be downloaded directly through the phone or tablet:Reading AppsClaroPDFClaroSpeakGoogle Play BooksKNFB ReaderLearning Ally AudioNaturalReaderOCR Instantly ProPocketPrizmoShakespeare in BitsTalk Text to VoicevBookzvBookz PDF Voice ReaderVoice Dream Reader

Writing AppsCo:WriterGinger PageGoogle KeyboardGoogle KeyboardKeeble KeyboardSnapType ProSpell BetterVoice Dream Writer

5. Providing Role ModelsProviding role models with the same disability would also help Annie to be inspired to work on her disability. Renowned people such as Albert Einstein, Orlando Bloom, Jackie Chan, Selma Hayek, and Whoopi Goldberg are well known people who also have the same disability but was still successful in life.

6. Full disclosure and providing accommodations for the familyIt is very important that we educate not only the child but also the family about the disability of the child. They have to know how it happened and how we can help the child meet the needs. We should set SMART goals for the child in her reading ability by working and adapting with her disability. It is very important that the family supports the child especially in this cases. School, teachers and ECEs should also educate theirselves how they could accommodate Annie and her familys needs. As an ECE, we should be flexible and open for new environment suitable for Annies needs.

Agencies and Resources for Dyslexia in TorontoAssessment and Therapy CentersSick Kids HospitalSick kids hospital is a hospital located in downtown Toronto that accommodates children. They accommodate and assess children with disability. Address: Phone No.555 University Avenue 1-866-797-0000Toronto, OntarioCanadaM5G 1X8

Agencies and Resources for Dyslexia in TorontoAssessment and Therapy CentersLearning SolutionsLearning Solutions is a therapy center for people with learning disability. They have a specific dyslexia program the uses the method of Ronald Davis called Davis Dyslexia Correction.

AddressPhone No. The Harbour Centre (905) 825-315320 Stavebank Rd #201, Mississauga, ON L5G 2T4

Agencies and Resources for Dyslexia in TorontoAssessment and Therapy CentersACE ClinicsAdvanced Cognitive Enhancement (ACE) clinic is a therapy clinic in Toronto, specializing in treating children and adults suffering from learning disabilities such asdyslexia.

AddressPhone No.148 Finch Ave 416-222-0004West Toronto, ON M2N 2J2

Agencies and Resources for Dyslexia in TorontoResources and WebsitesInternational Dyslexia Association (www.eida.org)The International Dyslexia Association (IDA) is an organization that looks with the complex issues of dyslexia. The IDA members are consist of a variety ofprofessionals in partnership with dyslexicsand their families and all others interested in there mission.

Agencies and Resources for Dyslexia in TorontoSchools that has Dyslexia programDunblaine SchoolDunblaine is a non-profit elementary school that meets the needs and abilities of students who have been diagnosed as learning disability. Address Phone No. 21 Deloraine Avenue, 416 483 9215Toronto, Ontario M5M 2A8

Agencies and Resources for Dyslexia in TorontoSchools that has Dyslexia programClaremount SchoolClaremont School is the only elementary co-educational school dedicated exclusively to the teaching of students with dyslexia from Grades 1 9Address Phone No. C-1, 310 Danforth Avenue 416-778-6336Toronto, ON M4K 1N6

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