meeting nutritional needs elderly
TRANSCRIPT
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Describe methods of assessing thenutritional status and practices of older
adults. Identify the older adults who are most at
risk for problems related to nutrition andhydration.
(Cont'd)
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(Contd)
Identify selected nursing diagnosesrelated to nutritional or metabolicprocesses.
Identify interventions that will help older
persons meet their nutritional andhydration needs.
Mosby items and derived items 2006 by Mosby, Inc.
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Internal problems
Sensory changes in vision, taste, smell
Cognitive changes Weakness or activity intolerance
Loss of interest in food
Depression
External problems
Medications
Problems related to procurement of food
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Appetite changes, nutritional intake, socialand cultural factors
Nursing goals and outcomes Maintain body weight within normal limits for
height Obtain adequate nutrients to maintain healthy
tissue Identify internal and external clues that influence
eating patterns Adhere to a prescribed therapeutic diet
(Cont'd)
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(Contd)
Nursing interventions in hospital or extendedcare facility
Assess the individual carefully to determinecauses of a problem Schedule weekly weight checks Keep a dietary record Explain the importance of nutrition Determine food likes and dislikes Monitor laboratory values Assess the condition of skin, hair, nails, mucous
membranes
(Cont'd)
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(Contd) Nursing interventions in hospital or extended
care facility
Consult with dietitian Institute measures to increase or decrease
nutritional intake Complete a thorough documentation
Nursing interventions in the home Assist individual in obtaining resources Involve family in shopping, meal planning Identify senior citizen meal programs Use appropriate institutional interventions
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Chapter 17
Lesson 17.2
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Describe methods of assessing thenutritional status and practices of older
adults. Identify selected nursing diagnoses
related to nutritional or metabolicproblems.
Identify interventions that will help olderpersons meet their nutrition andhydration needs.
Mosby items and derived items 2006 by Mosby, Inc.
Slide10
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Risk factors Decreased thirst sensation
Decreased effectiveness of kidney at
concentrating urine Hormonal changes
Side effects of medications
Altered level of mentation
Altered levels of functional ability Fear of incontinence or pain
(Cont'd)Mosby items and derived items 2006 by Mosby, Inc.
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(Contd)
Nursing goals and outcomes Manifest vital signs within normal limits
Evidence moist oral mucous membranes andgood skin turgor
Maintain a stable weight within normal limits
Exhibit balanced fluid intake and output
Report no problems related to thirst or weakness
Exhibit blood studies within normal limits
(Cont'd)Mosby items and derived items 2006 by Mosby, Inc.
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(Contd)
Nursing goals and outcomes Verbalize an understanding of recommended
dietary and fluid intake Demonstrate behaviors necessary to maintain
appropriate fluid intake Demonstrate selection of appropriate foods and
fluids Verbalize an understanding of prescribed
medications Verbalize signs and symptoms that should be
reported to physician
(Cont'd)
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(Contd) Nursing interventions in hospital or
extended-care facility
Complete a thorough assessment Monitor vital signs Monitor intake and output Monitor laboratory values Weigh patient daily before breakfast Measure changes in girth of body parts Maintain adequate fluid intake Administer medications
(Cont'd)
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(Contd)
Nursing interventions in hospital orextended-care facility Refer to dietitian if appropriate Provide appropriate skin care
Report and document findings promptly
Nursing interventions in the home Complete a thorough assessment
Teach individual or family to monitor fluid intake
(Cont'd)
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(Contd)
Nursing interventions in the home
Promote wellness by reviewing prescribeddietary and fluid intake with individual
Explain methods of increasing or decreasing
fluid intake Discuss signs and symptoms that should be
reported to the physician
Use appropriate institutional interventions
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Caused by dysphagia or neurologicdamage
Nursing goals and outcomes Pass food from mouth to stomach without
aspiration
Maintain adequate nutrition and hydration
Maintain or achieve appropriate bodyweight
(Cont'd)Mosby items and derived items 2006 by Mosby, Inc.
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(Contd)
Nursing interventions in hospital orextended-care facility
Assess individual to determine unique problemsand needs Consult with specialists to develop a dysphagia
program Verify dentures fit properly and maintain good
oral hygiene Position patient to facilitate swallowing Encourage rest periods before meals Allow adequate time for meals
(Cont'd)
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(Contd)
Nursing interventions in hospital orextended-care facility
Start with small amounts of foods and thickenedfluids Place foods into unaffected or stronger side of
mouth Present foods in appealing manner Select foods based on taste, texture,
temperature, fluid content Ensure lips are closed Stimulate swallowing
(Cont'd)
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(Contd)
Nursing interventions in hospital or
extended-care facility Give frequent verbal cues
Reduce distractions
Keep suction equipment available
Provide oral hygiene Administer tube feedings
Nursing interventions in the home Use any appropriate institutional interventions
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Chapter 17
Lesson 17.3
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Describe methods of assessing thenutritional status and practices of older
adults. Identify selected nursing diagnoses
related to nutritional or metabolicproblems.
Identify interventions that will help olderpersons meet their nutrition andhydration needs.
Mosby items and derived items 2006 by Mosby, Inc.Slide
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Inhalation of solids or liquids into upperrespiratory tract
Nursing goals and outcomes
Remain free from episodes of aspiration Maintain clear, noiseless breath sounds
Nursing interventions in hospital orextended-care facility
Position person appropriately Assess for stomach distention Avoid feeding too rapidly
(Cont'd)Mosby items and derived items 2006 by Mosby, Inc.
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(Contd)
Nursing interventions in hospital or
extended-care facility Avoid liquids and pureed foods
Monitor respiratory sounds and rate, observeamount and type of sputum
Keep suction equipment available Consult with specialists
(Cont'd)
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(Contd)
Nursing interventions for persons receivingtube feedings Check placement of nasogastric tube Measure stomach contents before starting
feeding, then refill stomach contents
Nursing interventions in the home Explain safety precautions to individual, family,
caregiver Encourage enrollment in home safety course Use appropriate institutional interventions
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