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Medical Illustration

Do something Cool Project By Jennifer Delaney

Medical illustration is field of study involving professional artists with advanced education in both the life sciences and visual communication. Collaborating with scientists, physicians, and other specialists, medical illustrators transform complex information into visual images. The work of medical illustrators promotes education, research, patient care, public relations, and marketing efforts. A medical illustrator is a visual problem solver. Background research, including reading scientific papers, meeting with scientific experts, perhaps observing surgery or a laboratory procedure, is often an integral part of the creative process.

This is a basic pencil drawing of the anatomy of the ribcage. Jennifer Delaney 2008

First appearing in Hellenic Alexandria during the 4th century BC, medical illustration was created on individual sheets of papyrus that covered anatomy, surgery, obstetrics and plants of medical value.

Early anatomical illustrations centered on the five-figure series, with each figure representing an organ system diagramed within a body in a squatting pose, limbs splayed. In contrast, surgical illustrations were more naturalistic covering a wide range of medical procedures.

Artists were inspired by the naturalistic sculptures of the Greeks and Romans during the Renaissance. The naturalistic representations of the human figure, the discovery of the laws of perspective, and the use of cadavers, gave way to more accurate representations of anatomy.

History

Leonardo Da Vinci was the first medical illustrator and produced over 800 anatomical drawings.

Leonardo Da Vinci. A skull sectioned, 1489Leonardo Da Vinci anatomy studies of the Golden ratio

As Leonardo ended his career, Andreas Vesalius began his by authoring and publishing De Corpus Fabrica Humani, the most well known book of anatomy ever. Vesalius sought to make illustrations that were true to nature, but many of his figures conform to classical ideals of beauty and proportion, and stand in classical poses.

Basel, 1543. Woodcut. National Library of Medicine.

Basilæ : ex officina Ioannis Oporini, 1543

{• Max Brödel• medical illustration at Johns

Hopkins• first school of medical

illustration• formation of the Association of

Medical Illustrators in 1945

19th century brought new printing techniques, color printing became practical, & color atlases of pathology and colorful anatomy books were available for the public.

Surgical illustration] Max Brödel.

Frank H. Netter(25 April 1906-17 September 1991) was an artist, physician, and was known as the Michaelangelo of medical illustrators. He was also a Fellow of The New York Academy of Medicine. He created 4500 paintings, a 13-volume collection of medical illustrations, and an atlas of human anatomy thst hsve been translated in 12 different lanuages. Today, there is a school of medicine in Conneticut named after him.

{ {The Heimlich Maneuver, After Frank Netter, 2013 digital painting & prisma colored pencils on illustration paper, Artist: Jennifer Delaney

Posterior view of Heart, After Netter, 2013, acrylic paint on board, artist: Jennifer Delaney

If the victim is standing, the rescuer wraps his (or her) arms around the victim's waist; making a fist against the Abdomen .Te rescuer grasps the fist and presses in withfirm, quick, upward thrusts.

Whenever I paint, I visually memorize that material. This process helps me a lot to know which part goes where and the functions.

Colorful cranium I rendered for the beginning of a graphic design piece.I used Netter’s anatomical finds for the shape but different colors for The sections. I used prisma colored pencils and photoshop cs6.

Now, the Internet and wireless technology enables information to be widely available. Computer graphics and imaging allow for microscopic human processes to come alive through computer animations. There is a growing need for patients to better understand their state of health and their medical options, which can rely on simplified but sophisticated graphics.

While many medical illustrators still produce illustrations for books and journals, others now act as art directors and producers of a broad range of work from animations and patient education programs to advanced computerized training simulations.

Today

SpecializationsMedical illustrators develop considerable knowledge and expertise within their specialty and become an integral part of the production team.

By subject matter, such as surgery, veterinary medicine, or ophthalmology

by media, such as computer animation or the making of three-dimensional models

by targeting specific markets such as medical publishing, pharmaceutical advertising, or medical-legal work.

authors and co-authors of textbooks or articles in which they've made major contributions to the content.

For example, an author writing a book on epilepsy could meet up with an illustrator that they know is proficient in epilepsy knowledge or will be able to learn and have adequate research.

Jennifer Delaney, Epilepsy & the Brain, Prisma colored pencils, Micron pens, water color and Photoshop cs6.

Education & Schools

The majority of medical illustrators in the profession have a master's degree from an accredited two-year graduate program in medical illustration

Currently 4 programs in the United States and one in Canada accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education programs

16 or less students are accepted each year

most medical illustrators have a Master's degree

Graduate programs in medical illustration are two years in length, and admission requirements vary from program to program

An increasing number of medical illustrators are choosing to obtain PhD degrees in related fields of science or education, particularly those working in academic settings.

Entrance into all of these schools is very competitive. Course work includes:

Course work varies somewhat from program to program, but all include a combination of basic science courses in anatomy, pathology, microanatomy, physiology, embryology, and neuroanatomy

Most programs require master's thesis projects and may have optional courses available in specialty fields such as advanced computer and video graphics, endoscopic illustration, or patient prosthetics.

electronic media in surgical and conceptual illustration to storyboard creation, interactive media development, web design, animation, 3-D modeling, and prosthetics

Admission requirements for the accredited graduate programs in medical illustration vary from program to program. In general, a bachelor's degree with a major in art and a minor in the biological sciences, or a major in science with a minor in art, is preferred. In addition, a portfolio of artwork and a personal interview are generally required. I’m considering the 2-year graduate program at the University of Illinois

Jennifer Delaney, Adrenal Gland, water color, Micron pens, and Photoshop Auxillary Bone by Jennifer Delaney, Acrylic paint on board

Board of Certification of Medical Illustrators

administers a certification program as a recognizable means to signify a practitioner's current competency in the profession

Certified Medical Illustrator (CMI) has passed examinations dealing with business practices, ethics, biomedical science, and drawing skills, and has undergone a rigorous portfolio review

must be renewed every five years

certification program is based on standards established by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA)

Skeleton Heads, Oil Paint on board

Medical illustrations and animations appear in virtually all media and markets :

trade and consumer publications

advertising textbooks and journals web television patient education continuing medical

education (CME) interactive learning trade shows museums veterinary, dental, and

legal markets

Bronchial Carcinoma, oil paint, acrylic paint, and photoshop cs6. The neoplasm arises from the epithelium of the terminal bronchiole or the alveolus. The neoplastic cells are columnar. The neoplasm, almost always arising in the periphery, is solitary or forms multiple coalescing nodules.

Employment

The majority of medical illustrators were first employed at large medical centers where they worked closely with physicians to produce illustrations for publications, medical textbooks and scientific journals, as well as instructional videos, films, presentations, and exhibits.

half of medical illustrators are self-employed

may work primarily alone or they may form creative teams, perhaps with allied professionals such as writers, graphic designers, photographers, or filmmakers.

May work at medical schools, hospitals and clinics, research institutions, medical publishers, law firms, advertising agencies, web or animation firms, and other creative services businesses.

Attorneys use medical illustration to clarify complex medical information for judges and juries in personal injury and medical malpractice cases.

Created by me on photoshop cs6. Something as simple as this could be the cover of an anatomy book.

Attorneys use medical illustration to clarify complex medical information for judges and juries in personal injury and medical malpractice cases. They can bring in specific illustrations that are commisioned for the case. These would visually explain. Its easy to learn with both a picture and verbally, because people are either more right brained or left brained and this effects the way they interpret and learn information. Images are usually more efficient in sparking a reaction.

The external carotid artery, Prisma colored pencilOn Canson paper

ascends through the upper part of the side of the neck and behind the lower jaw into the parotid gland, where it divides into various branches. The external carotid artery gives off the following branches: (1)superior thyroid to the larynx and thyroid gland, (2)(2) lingual to the tongue and sublingual gland, (3)(3) facial to the face, palate, tonsil, and submaxillary..

Earnings

vary according to the experience and ability of the artist, the type of work, and the area of the country where one works

medical illustrators with diverse skills and more responsibility for concept development command higher salaries

median salary for a medical illustrator is $70,000 and can range up to $250,000

supervisory and director positions earn a median of $75,000 and $93,000 per year

about 46% of salaried illustrators supplement their income with freelance

the earnings of self-employed illustrators may be less predictable than those who are salaried, but the highest earnings are generally made by those artists whose entrepreneurial expertise, art, and professionalism keep them in constant demand.

In addition to earnings from a salary or freelance projects, some medical illustrators receive payments from the reusing of existing artwork

Phallanges, Jennifer Delaney, 2010

Graphite & charcoal subtraction

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This piece was inspired by my recent elbow fracture. I’m having surgery where there will be plates and screws inserted into my arm and I will be able to take them out a year from now. I did it on photoshop cs6 with my left hand!

In 5th grade, my appendix burst during a basketball game. I had a condition where the appendix was actually hidden underneath the cecum. Now that I painted it out usingoil paint, it makes more sense .

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The brachial plexus is a group of nerves that run from the lower neck through the upper shoulder area. These nerves allow the arm, forearm, and hand to move and feel things.

Graphite pencil 2011 Bic pen 2012

This was orriginally supposed to be an anatomical self portrait, but it inspired me to create a better one…

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The demand for accurate, effective medical illustration is continuously expanding.

Jennifer Delaney

Works Citedhttp://www.ami.org/medical-illustration/

http://chicago.medicine.uic.edu/cms/One.aspx?portalId=506244&pageId=15710421

http://www.medicalillustrator.com/

http://explorehealthcareers.org/en/Career/87/Medical_Illustrator

April, Ernest W. Anatomy. New York: Wiley, 1990. Print.

&Na;. "Anatomy." The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 82.1 (1827): 191-93.