Medieval Roman EmpireMedieval Roman Empire

Otto Gospels 1000Otto Gospels 1000 (four personified (four personified provinces venerate Otto III)provinces venerate Otto III)

The Homage to Emperor Otto IIThe Homage to Emperor Otto IIfrom the Registrum Gregoriifrom the Registrum Gregorii

(983-996)(983-996)miniature on parchmentminiature on parchment

J.P. Getty TrustJ.P. Getty Trust

• OttonianOttonianBenedictine abbey of Saint Michael's HildesheimBenedictine abbey of Saint Michael's Hildesheim1001-31 1001-31

St. Michael’s, Hildesheim St. Michael’s, Hildesheim (interior)(interior)

• Accession of ChristAccession of Christ

• Unknown Unknown Ottonian, Mainz or Ottonian, Mainz or Fulda, about 1025 - Fulda, about 1025 - 10501050TemperaTempera colors and colors and gold leafgold leaf on on parchmentparchment

• Adoration of Adoration of the Magithe Magi

• Unknown Unknown Ottonian, Ottonian, Regensburg, about Regensburg, about 1030 - 10401030 - 1040TemperaTempera colors and colors and gold leafgold leaf on on

parchmentparchment

• J.P. Getty TrustJ.P. Getty Trust

• Gero Cross Gero Cross (Cologone (Cologone Cathedral), ca. Cathedral), ca. 970-976970-976

Lothar Cross, ca. 1000Lothar Cross, ca. 1000

Byzantine Empire, 867-1045Byzantine Empire, 867-1045 (yellow is area acquired in this period(yellow is area acquired in this period))

Nicephorus II Phocas (“white death of the Nicephorus II Phocas (“white death of the Saracens”), Byzantine emperor 963-9Saracens”), Byzantine emperor 963-9

Conrad II and Henry IIIConrad II and Henry III

Basil II (“the Bulgar Slayer”), 958-1025 (11Basil II (“the Bulgar Slayer”), 958-1025 (11thth century century manuscript)manuscript)

Pre-Norman Italy, ca. Pre-Norman Italy, ca. 980980

Robert Guiscard (1057-85), count of Robert Guiscard (1057-85), count of Apulia ca. 1071 coinApulia ca. 1071 coin

Robert Guiscard, gold coinRobert Guiscard, gold coinGold coin (quarter dinar, called the tarì) struck in Sicily, "by order of Duke Robert, Gold coin (quarter dinar, called the tarì) struck in Sicily, "by order of Duke Robert, illustrious Lord of Sicily" (inscription in the field, on the coin's obverse), "... in Sicily, in the illustrious Lord of Sicily" (inscription in the field, on the coin's obverse), "... in Sicily, in the year 464" (circular legend, on the coin's obverse). The inscriptions are in Arabic, and give year 464" (circular legend, on the coin's obverse). The inscriptions are in Arabic, and give a date in the Moslem calendar corresponding to the year 1072. The legend on the a date in the Moslem calendar corresponding to the year 1072. The legend on the reverse bears a verse of a sura from the Koran. Sicilian coinage from the start of the reverse bears a verse of a sura from the Koran. Sicilian coinage from the start of the Norman period preserved certain Islamic characteristics, probabl for both economic and Norman period preserved certain Islamic characteristics, probabl for both economic and

political reasons.political reasons. (from www.norman-world.com)(from www.norman-world.com)

AmalfiAmalfi

Amalfi cathedral (11Amalfi cathedral (11thth century) century)

St. VincenzoSt. Vincenzo

San Miniato, Benedictine Monastery, San Miniato, Benedictine Monastery, ca. 1090ca. 1090

Pisa Cathedral, begun 1063Pisa Cathedral, begun 1063

Archangel Michael, 11Archangel Michael, 11thth century (St. Mark’s, Venice) century (St. Mark’s, Venice)

• St. Michael St. Michael and his and his angels angels fighting the fighting the dragon dragon

• From the From the nave West nave West wall lunette wall lunette San Pietro al San Pietro al Monte Civate Monte Civate Late 11th Late 11th century century