medieval europe feudalism. charlemagne takes center stage / built an empire greater than any known...
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Charlemagne Takes Center StageCharlemagne Takes Center Stage
built an empire greater than any known since ancient Rome
built an empire greater than any known since ancient Rome
Charlemagne Takes Center StageCharlemagne Takes Center Stage
built an empire greater than any known since ancient Rome
reunited western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire
built an empire greater than any known since ancient Rome
reunited western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire
Charlemagne Takes Center StageCharlemagne Takes Center Stage
Government limited the authority of
nobles regularly visited every
part of his kingdom
Government limited the authority of
nobles regularly visited every
part of his kingdom
Charlemagne Takes Center StageCharlemagne Takes Center Stage
Emperor of the Romans 800 - Pope Leo III
crowned him emperor - the first European king to claim the title
Emperor of the Romans 800 - Pope Leo III
crowned him emperor - the first European king to claim the title
Charlemagne Takes Center StageCharlemagne Takes Center Stage
Education & Learning ordered monasteries to
open schools that trained future monks and priests
Education & Learning ordered monasteries to
open schools that trained future monks and priests
Charlemagne Takes Center StageCharlemagne Takes Center Stage
Record Keeping monks helped to make
handwritten copies of Latin books
Record Keeping monks helped to make
handwritten copies of Latin books
What is Feudalism?What is Feudalism?
a system of governing and landholding based on land for loyalty military protection = a
land grant (fief)
a system of governing and landholding based on land for loyalty military protection = a
land grant (fief)
The Feudal Social Structure
King consolidated his power by providing land
grants (fiefs) in exchange for loyalty
King consolidated his power by providing land
grants (fiefs) in exchange for loyaltyKingKing
The Feudal Social Structure
Nobles wealthy landowners who pledged their
loyalty to the king
Nobles wealthy landowners who pledged their
loyalty to the king
NoblesNobles
KingKing
King consolidated his power by providing land
grants (fiefs) in exchange for loyalty
King consolidated his power by providing land
grants (fiefs) in exchange for loyalty
The Feudal Social Structure
Church Officials bishops and cardinals who were
often of noble birth
Church Officials bishops and cardinals who were
often of noble birth
NoblesNoblesChurchChurchOfficialsOfficials
KingKing
Nobles wealthy landowners who pledged their
loyalty to the king
Nobles wealthy landowners who pledged their
loyalty to the king
King consolidated his power by providing land
grants (fiefs) in exchange for loyalty
King consolidated his power by providing land
grants (fiefs) in exchange for loyalty
The Feudal Social Structure
Knights warriors who pledged to
defend their lords’ lands in exchange for fiefs
Knights warriors who pledged to
defend their lords’ lands in exchange for fiefs
KnightsKnights
NoblesNoblesChurchChurchOfficialsOfficials
KingKing
Church Officials bishops and cardinals who were
often of noble birth
Church Officials bishops and cardinals who were
often of noble birth
Nobles wealthy landowners who pledged their
loyalty to the king
Nobles wealthy landowners who pledged their
loyalty to the king
King consolidated his power by providing land
grants (fiefs) in exchange for loyalty
King consolidated his power by providing land
grants (fiefs) in exchange for loyalty
The Feudal Social Structure
Peasants vast majority of people,
toiled in the fields, known as serfs (people who could not lawfully leave the place where they were born)
Peasants vast majority of people,
toiled in the fields, known as serfs (people who could not lawfully leave the place where they were born)
PeasantsPeasants
KnightsKnights
NoblesNoblesChurchChurchOfficialsOfficials
KingKing
Knights warriors who pledged to
defend their lords’ lands in exchange for fiefs
Knights warriors who pledged to
defend their lords’ lands in exchange for fiefs
Church Officials bishops and cardinals who were
often of noble birth
Church Officials bishops and cardinals who were
often of noble birth
Nobles wealthy landowners who pledged their
loyalty to the king
Nobles wealthy landowners who pledged their
loyalty to the king
King consolidated his power by providing land
grants (fiefs) in exchange for loyalty
King consolidated his power by providing land
grants (fiefs) in exchange for loyalty
The World of WarriorsThe World of Warriors
knighthood training began at age 7 knighthood training began at age 7
The World of WarriorsThe World of Warriors
knighthood training began at age 7 continued until 21
knighthood training began at age 7 continued until 21
The World of WarriorsThe World of Warriors
knighthood training began at age 7 continued until 21 knights were vassals who pledged service and
loyalty to a lord
knighthood training began at age 7 continued until 21 knights were vassals who pledged service and
loyalty to a lord
The Code of Chivalry:The Code of Chivalry:
brave, loyal and true to one’s word brave, loyal and true to one’s word
The Code of Chivalry:The Code of Chivalry:
brave, loyal and true to one’s word fight fairly and be generous to one’s enemies
brave, loyal and true to one’s word fight fairly and be generous to one’s enemies
The Code of Chivalry:The Code of Chivalry:
brave, loyal and true to one’s word fight fairly and be generous to one’s enemies treat captured knights well/release for ransom
brave, loyal and true to one’s word fight fairly and be generous to one’s enemies treat captured knights well/release for ransom
The Code of Chivalry:The Code of Chivalry:
brave, loyal and true to one’s word fight fairly and be generous to one’s enemies treat captured knights well/release for ransom protect and cherish women
brave, loyal and true to one’s word fight fairly and be generous to one’s enemies treat captured knights well/release for ransom protect and cherish women
What is Manorialism?What is Manorialism?
the economic system of the Middle Ages based on self-sufficiency
the economic system of the Middle Ages based on self-sufficiency
A Self Contained World:A Self Contained World:
Peasants didn’t travel more than 25 miles from the manor
Peasants didn’t travel more than 25 miles from the manor
A Self Contained World:A Self Contained World:
Peasants didn’t travel more than 25 miles from the manor
Lord’s manor house, a church, workshops
Peasants didn’t travel more than 25 miles from the manor
Lord’s manor house, a church, workshops
A Self Contained World:A Self Contained World:
Peasants didn’t travel more than 25 miles from the manor
Lord’s manor house, a church, workshops
15-30 families lived in the village
Peasants didn’t travel more than 25 miles from the manor
Lord’s manor house, a church, workshops
15-30 families lived in the village
A Self Contained World:A Self Contained World:
Peasants didn’t travel more than 25 miles from the manor
Lord’s manor house, a church, workshops
15-30 families lived in village
Serfs (peasants) produced all they needed (self-sufficient) crops, fuel, cloth, leather
goods, lumber, etc.
Peasants didn’t travel more than 25 miles from the manor
Lord’s manor house, a church, workshops
15-30 families lived in village
Serfs (peasants) produced all they needed (self-sufficient) crops, fuel, cloth, leather
goods, lumber, etc.
The Harshness of Manor Life:The Harshness of Manor Life:
tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill
tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill
The Harshness of Manor Life:The Harshness of Manor Life:
tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill
marriage tax marriage needed lords
consent
tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill
marriage tax marriage needed lords
consent
The Harshness of Manor Life:The Harshness of Manor Life:
tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill
marriage tax marriage needed lords
consent Church tax
tithe = 1/10 of income
tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill
marriage tax marriage needed lords
consent Church tax
tithe = 1/10 of income
The Harshness of Manor Life:The Harshness of Manor Life:
tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill
marriage tax marriage needed lords
consent Church tax
tithe = 1/10 of income crowded and dirty living
conditions
tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill
marriage tax marriage needed lords
consent Church tax
tithe = 1/10 of income crowded and dirty living
conditions
The Harshness of Manor Life:The Harshness of Manor Life:
tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill
marriage tax marriage needed lords
consent Church tax
tithe = 1/10 of income crowded and dirty living
conditions poor diet and health
tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill
marriage tax marriage needed lords
consent Church tax
tithe = 1/10 of income crowded and dirty living
conditions poor diet and health
The Three Field SystemThe Three Field System
Based on rotating crops from a two-field system to three
Based on rotating crops from a two-field system to three
The Three Field SystemThe Three Field System
Based on rotating crops from a two-field system to three
increased yields of food production
Allows for more variety of crops to be planted
Based on rotating crops from a two-field system to three
increased yields of food production
Allows for more variety of crops to be planted
The Three Field SystemThe Three Field System
Based on rotating crops from a two-field system to three
increased yields of food production
Allows for more variety of crops to be planted
improves the diet and health of people
Based on rotating crops from a two-field system to three
increased yields of food production
Allows for more variety of crops to be planted
improves the diet and health of people
The Three Field SystemThe Three Field System
Based on rotating crops from a two-field system to three
increased yields of food production
Allows for more variety of crops to be planted
improves the diet and health of people and fuels a population increase
Based on rotating crops from a two-field system to three
increased yields of food production
Allows for more variety of crops to be planted
improves the diet and health of people and fuels a population increase
The ChurchThe Church
Scope and Authority of the Church held spiritual power and
some political power the right to sanctify (pick)
a monarch
Scope and Authority of the Church held spiritual power and
some political power the right to sanctify (pick)
a monarch
The ChurchThe Church
Religion as a unifying Force shared beliefs and
teaching bond people together
stable force = security and community
Religion as a unifying Force shared beliefs and
teaching bond people together
stable force = security and community
The ChurchThe Church
Church Structure different ranks of clergy
Pope, bishops, cardinals, priests
Church Structure different ranks of clergy
Pope, bishops, cardinals, priests
The ChurchThe Church
Church Justice cannon law = marriage
and religious practices Excommunication =
kicked out of church and denial of salvation
Church Justice cannon law = marriage
and religious practices Excommunication =
kicked out of church and denial of salvation
Centers of LearningCenters of Learning
monks and nuns were better educated preserved the writings of the ancient world
the Greek, Roman, and Byzantine classics
monks and nuns were better educated preserved the writings of the ancient world
the Greek, Roman, and Byzantine classics
The CrusadesThe Crusades
What were the Crusades? Seljuk Turks threatened
Byzantium 1093, Byzantine Emperor
Alexius Comnenus asked Pope Urban II in Rome for help
1095, Council of Clermont calls for a crusade to recapture Jerusalem
What were the Crusades? Seljuk Turks threatened
Byzantium 1093, Byzantine Emperor
Alexius Comnenus asked Pope Urban II in Rome for help
1095, Council of Clermont calls for a crusade to recapture Jerusalem
1076 Seljuk Turks captured Jerusalem and began to restrict access of Christian pilgrims to the holy places.
1095 Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus, threatened by Muslim advances towards Constantinople, appealed to the pope for help against the Seljuk Turks. Pope Urban II proclaimed a holy war.
1096–99 1096–99 First Crusade, led by Baldwin of Boulogne, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Peter the Hermit. Motivated by Motivated by occupation of Anatolia and Jerusalem by Seljuk Turks.occupation of Anatolia and Jerusalem by Seljuk Turks.
1099 Capture of Jerusalem by the crusaders, accompanied by looting and massacre. A number of small crusader states established on the Syrian coast.
1147–49 1147–49 Second Crusade, led by Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III, failed to capture Damascus failed to capture Damascus and Edessa.and Edessa.
1076 Seljuk Turks captured Jerusalem and began to restrict access of Christian pilgrims to the holy places.
1095 Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus, threatened by Muslim advances towards Constantinople, appealed to the pope for help against the Seljuk Turks. Pope Urban II proclaimed a holy war.
1096–99 1096–99 First Crusade, led by Baldwin of Boulogne, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Peter the Hermit. Motivated by Motivated by occupation of Anatolia and Jerusalem by Seljuk Turks.occupation of Anatolia and Jerusalem by Seljuk Turks.
1099 Capture of Jerusalem by the crusaders, accompanied by looting and massacre. A number of small crusader states established on the Syrian coast.
1147–49 1147–49 Second Crusade, led by Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III, failed to capture Damascus failed to capture Damascus and Edessa.and Edessa.
1187 Jerusalem seized by Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Syria and leader of the Muslims against the crusaders.
1189–92 1189–92 Third Crusade, led by Philip II Augustus of led by Philip II Augustus of France and Richard I the Lion-Heart of EnglandFrance and Richard I the Lion-Heart of England, failed to recapture Jerusalem.
1202–04 1202–04 Fourth Crusade, led by William of Montferrata and Baldwin of Hainault. Originally intended to recover the holy places, it was diverted by its Venetian was diverted by its Venetian financial backers to sack and divide Constantinople.financial backers to sack and divide Constantinople.
1212 Children's Crusade. Thousands of children crossed Europe on their way to Palestine but many were sold into slavery in Marseille, or died of disease and hunger.
1218–21 Fifth Crusade, led by King Andrew of Hungary, Cardinal Pelagius, King John of Jerusalem, and King Hugh of Cyprus. Captured and then lost Damietta, Egypt.
1187 Jerusalem seized by Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Syria and leader of the Muslims against the crusaders.
1189–92 1189–92 Third Crusade, led by Philip II Augustus of led by Philip II Augustus of France and Richard I the Lion-Heart of EnglandFrance and Richard I the Lion-Heart of England, failed to recapture Jerusalem.
1202–04 1202–04 Fourth Crusade, led by William of Montferrata and Baldwin of Hainault. Originally intended to recover the holy places, it was diverted by its Venetian was diverted by its Venetian financial backers to sack and divide Constantinople.financial backers to sack and divide Constantinople.
1212 Children's Crusade. Thousands of children crossed Europe on their way to Palestine but many were sold into slavery in Marseille, or died of disease and hunger.
1218–21 Fifth Crusade, led by King Andrew of Hungary, Cardinal Pelagius, King John of Jerusalem, and King Hugh of Cyprus. Captured and then lost Damietta, Egypt.
1228–29 Sixth Crusade, led by the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II. Jerusalem recovered by negotiation with the sultan of Egypt.
1244 Jerusalem finally lost, to remain in Turkish hands until liberated by the British general Allenby in 1917.
1249–54 Seventh Crusade led by Louis IX of France.
1270–72 Eighth Crusade, also led by Louis IX of France.
1291 Acre, the last Christian fortress in Syria, fell to the Turks.
1228–29 Sixth Crusade, led by the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II. Jerusalem recovered by negotiation with the sultan of Egypt.
1244 Jerusalem finally lost, to remain in Turkish hands until liberated by the British general Allenby in 1917.
1249–54 Seventh Crusade led by Louis IX of France.
1270–72 Eighth Crusade, also led by Louis IX of France.
1291 Acre, the last Christian fortress in Syria, fell to the Turks.
CausesCauses
Muslims controlled the Holy Land and threatened Constantinople
Byzantine Emperor calls for help Pope appeals to Christian knights knight feel religious zeal and want land,
riches, and adventure Italian cities desire commercial power
Muslims controlled the Holy Land and threatened Constantinople
Byzantine Emperor calls for help Pope appeals to Christian knights knight feel religious zeal and want land,
riches, and adventure Italian cities desire commercial power
EffectsEffects
Byzantine Empire is weakened Pope’s power declines power of feudal nobles weakened kings become stronger religious intolerance grows Italian cities expand trade and grow rich Muslims distrust Christians trade grows between Europe and Asia Europeans adopt Muslim technology
Byzantine Empire is weakened Pope’s power declines power of feudal nobles weakened kings become stronger religious intolerance grows Italian cities expand trade and grow rich Muslims distrust Christians trade grows between Europe and Asia Europeans adopt Muslim technology