Medieval England2 ESO

Fall 2014

Norman Conquest 1066 A.D. Harold II is crowned king.

1066 A.D. Battle of Hastings – William of Normandy kills King Harold.

1066 A.D. William I the Conqueror is crowned king. He is the first Norman

King of England.

1067 A.D. Work is started on the Tower of London.

Henry II of England

1152 A.D. Marriage of King Louis

VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine is

annulled under the grounds of a

blood relationship.

1152 A.D. Eleanor of Aquitaine

marries Henry of Normandy (King

Henry II of England). King Richard

I (Lionheart) and King John

Lackland were their two most

famous sons.

Henry II of England

1155 A.D. Henry appoints Thomas

Becket, Archdeacon of

Canterbury, as Chancellor.

1162 A.D. Thomas Becket is

appointed Archbishop of

Canterbury. He starts to fight with

Henry over the Church’s rights.

1170 A.D. Thomas Becket and

Henry II reconcile, but Thomas

Becket is murdered by four men

when he returns to Canterbury.

Henry II of England

1173 A.D. Henry II’s three

eldest sons, Henry, Richard,

and Geoffrey, rebel against

their father with the support

of their mother, Eleanor.

1173 A.D. Thomas Becket is

canonized. Canterbury

becomes a place of

pilgrimage.

John Lackland

1199 A.D. John Lackland, youngest

son of Henry II and Eleanor of

Aquitaine, is crowned King of England.

1209 A.D. Cambridge University is

founded.

1209 A.D. Pope Innocent III

excommunicates King John for

attacking church property.

John Lackland

1213 A.D. King John resigns his

kingship to Pope Innocent III and

then receives his kingship back as a

holding from Rome.

1215 A.D. King John signs the Magna

Carta.

The Hundred Years War

1337 A.D. Philip VI of France

declares Edward III of

England’s fiefs forfeit and starts

to harass the frontiers of

Aquitaine. Edward III declares

himself King of France in

retaliation for Philip attacking

his lands in France.

THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR

BEGINS

The Hundred Years War

1338 A.D. Edward III formally

claims the French crown

and the English make an

alliance with the Holy

Roman Empire (Treaty of

Koblenz).

1340 A.D. The English gain

control of the English

Channel when they win a

naval victory at Sluys.

The Hundred Years War

1346 A.D. Edward III invades

France and beats Philip VI’s

larger army in the Battle of

Crécy.

1347 A.D. The English capture

Calais.

The Hundred Years War 1348 A.D. The Bubonic Plague/Black Death reaches Europe.

1356 A.D. Edward the Black Prince defeats the French and captures King

John II of France.

1360 A.D. The first stage of the Hundred Years War ends and Edward III

relinquishes his claim to the French throne.

The Hundred Years War

1369 A.D. The second

stage of the war starts.

1372 A.D. The French

regain control of the

English Channel when

they will the Battle of La

Rochelle.

The Hundred Years War

1373 A.D. John of Gaunt, the third

son of Richard III, leads another

English invasion of France.

1374 A.D. John of Gaunt returns to

England and takes control of the

government.

1375 A.D. The Truce of Bruges ends

the hostility between England and

France.

The Hundred Years War

1387 A.D. Geoffrey

Chaucer starts to write

“The Canterbury Tales”.

1399 A.D. John of Gaunt

dies. His son, Henry of

Bolingbroke, lands in

England with 40 followers.

Richard III is deposed and

Bolingbroke is crowned

Henry IV.

The Hundred Years War

1415 A.D. Henry V

invades France and

defeats them in the

Battle of Agincourt.

1428 A.D. Henry VI

begins the siege of

Orleans.

1429 A.D. Joan of Arc

relieves the siege of

Orleans.

The Hundred Years

War 1430 A.D. Burgundians capture

Joan of Arc and turn her over

to the English.

1421 A.D. Joan of Arc is burned

at the stake as a witch at

Rouen.

1421 A.D. Henry VI of England is

crowned King of France in Paris.

1453 A.D. The Hundred Years

War end when the French

capture Bordeaux. England

only keeps Calais. Henry VI

goes mad.

The War of the Roses

1454 A.D. Richard of York is regent

while England while Henry VI is

insane.

1455 A.D. Henry VI recovers.

Richard of York is replaced by

Somerset and excluded from the

Royal Council.

1455 A.D. The War of the Roses

begins. War between the

Plantagenet houses of Lancaster

and York.

1455 A.D. Somerset is defeated and

killed in the Battle of St. Albans.

The War of the Roses

1460 A.D. Richard of York is capture

and killed in the Battle of Wakefield.

1460 A.D. The Kingmaker, Richard

Neville, Earl of Warwick, captures

London for the Yorkists.

1460 A.D. Henry VI is captured by

the Yorkists in the Battle of

Northampton.

The War of the

Roses

1461 A.D. Richard of

York’s son, Edward of

York, defeats the

Lancastrians and is

crowned King Edward IV

of England.

1465 A.D. Richard VI is

imprisoned by Edward

IV.

The War of the Roses

1466 A.D. Warwick starts to fight

with Edward IV. Warwick makes

an alliance with Louis XI of

France.

1470 A.D. The Kingmaker, Earl of

Warwick, defeats Edward IV and

puts Richard VI back on the

throne.

1471 A.D. Edward IV defeats and

kills Warwick in the Battle of

Barnet.

1471 A.D. Henry VI dies; most

likely murdered in the Tower of

London.

The War of the Roses

1483 A.D. Edward IV dies.

1483 A.D. Edward V is

deposed by his uncle, Richard

Duke of Gloucester. Richard is

crowned Richard III and

Edward V and his brother

Prince Richard are declared

illegitimate and their parents

marriage is annulled.

The War of the Roses

1483 A.D. Edward V

and his brother Prince

Richard are murdered

in the Tower of

London.

The mystery of the

Princes in the Tower –

there is no physical

proof that they were

murdered.

The War of the Roses

1485 A.D. Henry Tudor,

supported by King Charles III of

France, returns to England. He

is the Lancastrian heir. At the

Battle of Bosworth Field, he kills

Richard III.

The War of the

Roses

This was the end of the

Plantagenet Dynasty and

the start of the Tudor

Dynasty.

Henry Tudor (Lancastrian)

married Elizabeth of York

(daughter of Edward IV)

to unite the feuding

cousins, and thus end

what would also be

known as the Cousin’s

War.