Medication administration

Ms Tarika SharmaNursing Tutor, MMCON

MMU, Ambala (HR)

Medication orders

A physician usually determines the client’s medication needs and orders medications, although in some settings nurse practitioners now order some drugs.

Types of medication orders

1. A stat order: indicates that medication is to be given immediately and only once (eg. Inj. Tramadol IV stat)

2.Single order or one time order: medication to be given once at a specified time (eg. Seconal 100 mg hs before surgery)

Types of medication orders

3. Standing order: it may or may not have a termination date (eg. Cap becosule daily, inj. Monocef bd X 7days).

4. prn order or as needed order: when a client requires the medication (eg. Inj Emset prn)

Parts of a drug orderFull name of the clientDate and time the order is writtenName of the drug to be administeredDosage of the drugFrequency of administrationRoute of administrationSignature of the person writing the order

3 cs (checks) for safe medication administration

1. First check: when taking the medication from the medication cupboard.

2. Second check: while preparing the medication3. Third check: recheck the medication before

returning to its storage place.Or

Before opening the medication package at the bedside.

Abbreviations used in medication

administration

abbreviationsPO: Per oral/orallyInj: InjectionIM: IntramuscularIV: IntravenousSC: Sub cutaneousID: Intra DermalIT: Intra thecal

abbreviationsod: once a day (omni die)bd: twice a day (Bis in die)tds: thrice or three times a day (ter in die)qid: four times a day( quarter in die)q:every (Quaque)q4: every 4 hourlyq6: every 6 hourlyq8: every 8 hourlyq12: every 12 hourlyhs: at bed time (hora somni)sos: as and when requiredStat: at once (statim)

abbreviationsa.c. : Ante cibum: before mealsp.c.: post cibum:after mealso.m. : omni mane: each morningo.n. : omni note: each nightH.n. : hac nocte: tonightc.m. : cras mane tomorrow morningP.r.n.: pro re nata when requiredS.o.s : si opus sit: if necessary in emergency

Vial & ampuleA vial is a glass bottle with a self-sealing stopper through which the medication is removed.

An ampule is a glass container usually designed to hold a single dose of a drug.

PARTS OF SYRINGES

PARTS OF NEEDLE

TYPES OF SYRINGE

PREFILLED UNIT- DOSE SYSTEMS.

INSULIN SYRINGETUBERCULIN SYRINGE

Sites for injection administration

Intramuscular Injections

Site for IM injection:Deltoid muscles:Ventro gluteal muscle:Dorsogluteal muscle:Vastus latralis muscle:Rectus femoris muscle:

DELTOID MUSCLE

VENTROGLUTEAL INJECTION SITE

DORSOGLUTEAL SITE

VASTUS LATERALIS

Intradermal Injections

1. Inner lower arm,

2. Upper chest, and 3. Back beneath the scapula

Sub cutaneous Injections

Common sites for subcutaneous injections are the outer aspect of the upper arm and the anterior aspects of the thighs.

Other areas that can be used are the abdomen , the scapular areas of the upper back, and the upper ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal areas.

Site of IV injection:Medial cubital veinBasilic veinAntebrachial veinCephalic veinBasilic vein Dorsal metacarpel veinsCephalic veinsGreater sapheneous veinLesser sapheneous veinExternal jugular Veins

ANGLE OF NEEDLE INSERTION

Angle of needle insertion for administering a intra muscular

injection

Subcutaneous shots can be given straight in at a 90 degree angle, or at a 45 degree angle. Give the shot straight in at a 90 degree angle if 2 inches of skin can be grasped between your thumb and first (index) finger. If only 1 inch of skin can be grasped, give the shot at a 45 degree angle.

Angle of needle insertion for administering a subcutaneous injection

Angle of needle insertion for administering a intra-dermal

injection

10 to 15 degree

Angle of needle insertion for administering a intra-venous injection

20 to 25 degree

Process of administering medications

1 • Identify the client

2 • Inform the client

3 • Administer the drug4• Provide adjunctive

interventions as indicated

5 • Record the drug administered.

6 • Evaluate the client’s response to the drug.

Thanks….