medication administration drugs affecting the special senses and the reproductive system
TRANSCRIPT
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MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
Drugs affecting the Special Senses and the Reproductive system
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Drugs affecting the Repro system…Review of female repro
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Male repro…review
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Drugs affecting female repro
Contraceptives: May be a synthetic oestrogen or progesterone or a combination of the both
Primary use is contraceptive, but may also be used for menstrual problems and to treat acne in young women
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Adverse Affects
Depends on the drug Nausea, vomiting, weight gain Oedema, bloating, Amenorrhea, abnormal bleeding, breast
tenderness, post-pill infertility Decreased libido, headache, dizziness,
anorexia, jaundice, skin pigmentation (chloasma), depression.
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Precautions/contraindications
In women with a history of Thrombophlebitis, breast/endometrial
cancer, CVA or heart disease.
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Nursing implications
Take at the same time each day; a missed pill should be taken within 12 hours.
If pill missed completely, additional contraceptive should be used for 5-7 days
Yearly cervical smear and professional breast examBSE after each period.First 3 months, dual contraceptivesReport adverse affectsDiscontinue 6 wks prior to elective surgery
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Female Hormones
Oestrogen or progesterone used for menopausal syndrome,
primary amenorrhea, breast cancer, ovarian failure and endometriosis.
Oestrogen used to treat prostate problems.
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Adverse affects
Depending on drug used GI problems, headache, dizziness,
depression, hypertension, fluid retention, Amenorrhea, breakthrough bleeding,
cervical erosion, thrush, libido changes, Weight gain ,leg cramps, excessive thirst.
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Precautions/contraindications
Should be used with care with women who have a history of
Thrombophlebitis, breast Ca, stroke, myocardial infarction
Hypertension, obesity, heavy smokers.
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Nursing Implications
Warn re weight gain No smoking Monitor glucose levels Health exam of female, and regular monitoring Clients who have not had a hysterectomy should also be
given progesterone with their oestrogen Monitor fluid retention Monitor hypertension Rotate transidermal patches Vaginal creams should be inserted deep into the vagina
towards the sacrum.
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Adverse affects continued
Increased risk of breast cancerHormones via IM – deep into muscle, and
rotate sites.Clients checked for pregnancy first.Eg. Clomid, danazol
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Male Hormones(androgens/antiandrgens)
Used for hypogonadism, eunuchoidism, gynaecomastia, prostate Ca.
Androgens may also be used for Breast Ca in females.
Other drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction.
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Adverse affects
Tiredness, inability to concentrateReduces libido, depressionImpaired spermatogenesis, gynaecomastia,
impotence, decreased ejaculationFrequent or persistent erections, priapism,
altered lipid levels.
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Precautions/contraindications
Should not be used during pregnancy Not used in people with prostate CaPregnancy/lactation
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Nursing Implications
Spermatogenesis should be checked before meds are commenced (may take 6-20 months to return to normal after treatment)
Regular prostate examMonitor blood lipid levels and liver
functionPatch sites should be rotated and do not
apply over bony prominences
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Pregnancy and Lactation
Generic and trade nameActionDoseUseStabilityCompatibilityAdverse affects
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Pregnancy and Lactation
InteractionsPrecautionsNursing implications
Under the above headings, research in the MIMS…the following drugs
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Drugs
EpilemHydrallazineMaxalonVentolinPethidineProgesterone
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Drugs affecting eye,ear and special senses
Ophthalmic Drugs
Include antibiotics, antifungals,anti virals,steroids,and anesthetics
Mydriatics(dilate the eye)
Cycloplegics( prevent accommodation)
Miotics constrict the pupil
Lubricants for dry eyes
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Adverse affects
Include photophobia,burning,stinging, infections,lid edema,allergic reaction,visual probs such as blurring,.
Systemic ….bitter taste,headache, hyper/hypotnsion,tachycardia,dyspnoea,restlessness, confusion,flushing, sweating.
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Precautions/contraindications
Mydraitcs contraindicated in narrow angle glaucoma
Miotics should be used with care if intra ocular lens insitu
Take care with steroids and diabetes mellitus as may increase intra ocular pressure or cataract formation
OK with pregnancy and B/F
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Nursing implications
Ointments and creams should only be used for that purpose.
Wash hands. Eye drops instilled in middle of lower lid and creams are
instilled in the lower lid from inner canthus to outer canthus.
Check which drop for which eye.. May use different drops for both eyes.
Do not touch eye or lid with the dropper. Write the date of opening..discard 7days if in hosp and 28
if at home.
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Implications cont….
Clean eye …saline or water.Check manufacturers instructions.Should not drive if pupils are dilated.Local anesthetic…do not rub and protect
the cornea.Remove contact lenses.Solutions should be clear and kept at room
temp.
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Otic drugs
Include analgesics, anesthetics, anti infective, steroids, wax softeners
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Adverse affects
Allergic reactions,burning sensation
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Precautions
May be used safely in most clients
Nursing implicationsKeep at room tempEnsure ear canal is straightenedWash handsKeep head on the unaffected side for 2-3 minsDo not use steroids if ruptured eardrumRefer to page 218 for trade/generic activity
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Drugs affecting the Nose
Include anti-infective,steroids, decongestants,anticholinergics and antihistamines.
Sprays,aerosols,drops, creams jellies,gases and nasal prongs.
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Adverse affects
Headache, stinging, excessive drying of the nasal mucosa, ulceration of the nasal mucosa, post-nasal drip, irritation, burning, sinusitis, sneezing.
PrecautionsHypertension and cardiac clients should
take care.
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Nursing implications
Avoid contact with the eyes.Blow the nose before instilling.Breathe through mouth while instilling
medications.Shake containers well.wash spray after use.Nasal decongestants should not be used for
longer than 2 weeks.Refer to page 220 for generic/trade activity.
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Mouth and throat
Include anti-infective, ulcers,or inflammation.
Lozenge,mouth wash, paints,drops,gels,and lotions.
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Adverse affects
Bad taste in mouth, numbness.
Nursing implications If painful ulcers, use analgesic before eating.Remove dentures.Do not drink immediately after instilling.Use mouth wash before and after eating.
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