medical_term.ppt

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RCS 6080 Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Rehabilitation Counseling Medical Terminology

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Page 1: medical_term.ppt

RCS 6080 Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of

Rehabilitation Counseling

Medical Terminology

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POSITION IN TIME OR SPACEPre- means before or in front of

prenatal: before birth

Peri- means around or aboutperinatal: around the time of the birthperithoratic: around the thorax

Post- means behind, after, or followingpostnatal: following birthposterior: toward the back

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POSITION IN TIME OR SPACE

Ab- means away fromabnormal: away from normal

abduction: drawing away from the mid-line of the body by the arm or leg

Circum- means aroundcircumaticular: around a joint

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QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION

A- or An- means withoutanorexia: without appetite

anoxia: without enough oxygen

Hemi- means halfhemiplegia: paralysis of one lateral half of the body

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QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION

Diplo- means doublediploplia: double vision

Quad- means fourquadriplegia: paralysis of all four extremities

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QUALITATIVE INFORMATION

Mal- means bad or illmalfunction: defective functioning

malocclusion: faulty positioning of the upper or lower teeth in relation to the other

Eu- means good or healthyeuphoria: sense of well-being or condition of good health

euthanasia: easy or painless death

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SAMENESS AND DIFFERENCE

Hetero- means differentheterogeneous: differing in kinds or nature

heterosexual: sexual orientation directed to the opposite sex

Homo- means samehomogeneous: of the same kind

homosexual: sexual orientation directed to the same sex

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PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

Micro- means smallmicrocephalia: abnormal smallness of the head

micromelia: abnormal smallness or shortness of the extremities

Brachy- means shortbrachycephalia: having a short head

brachydactylia: having abnormally short fingers and toes

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PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

Oxy- means pointed or sharpoxycephaly: having a high and pointed head

Albo- means whitealbinism: absence of pigmentation

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FORM ADJECTIVES

-al means pertaining toperitoneal: pertaining to the peritoneum

arterial: pertaining to an artery

-ible or -able means abilitydigestible: capable of being digested

operable: subject to being operated

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EXPRESS DIMINUTIVE SIZE

A number of suffixes serve this purpose, including -cule, -icle, -ium, -ole, -ule, and variations

diverticulum: a small outpocketing from a hollow organ

arteriole: a small artery

granule: a small grain

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INDICATE A SURGICAL PROCEDURE

-ectomy means removal of an organ or partappendectomy: removal of the appendix

-lysis means loosening, usually of adhesions

cardiolysis: freeing of the heart of pericardial adhesions

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INDICATE A SURGICAL PROCEDURE

-ostomy means an operation in which an artificial opening is formed between two hollow organs or between one or more such viscera and the abdominal wall for discharge of intestinal content or urine

colostomy: the surgical creation of an opening between the colon and the exterior of the body

-pexy means fixationnephropexy: the surgical attachment of a floating kidney

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INDICATE A SURGICAL PROCEDURE

-plasty means plastic surgeryblepharoplasty: plastic surgery of the eyelids

-rrhaphy means suture or operative repairtenorrhaphy: the suturing of a tendon

-scopy means viewing or examining, usually with an instrument

endoscopy: visual inspection of any body cavity by means of an endoscope

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INDICATE A SURGICAL PROCEDURE

-tomy means cutting or incisionlaparotomy: the surgical opening of the abdomen

-tripsy means the intentional surgical crushing of a structure

lithotripsy: the disintegration of a kidney stone by a high-energy shockwave

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EXPRESS CONDITIONS OR CHANGES

-mania means excessive excitement or obsessive preoccupation

pyromania: an irrational compulsion to set fires

-sis means an action, process, or conditionsilicosis: a fibrotic disorder of the lungs following inhalation of dust containing silicon dioxide

thoracentesis: surgical puncture of the chest wall for removal of fluid

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EXPRESS CONDITIONS OR CHANGES

-itis means inflammationappendicitis: an inflammation of the appendix

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BASIC TERMS

-algia means painneuralgia

angio- means blood vesselangiogram

ante- means beforeantecubital

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BASIC TERMS

arth- means jointarthroscopy

blephar- means eyelidblepharospasm

cardi- means heartelectrocardiogram

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BASIC TERMS

-cele means either a swelling or a herniavaricocele, rectocele

cerebro- means cerebrumcerebral

chole- means gall or bilecholecystectomy

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BASIC TERMS

chondr- means cartilagechondrocostal

contra- means opposed tocontraception

cost- means ribintercostal

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BASIC TERMS

cysto- means bladdercystitis

-desis means fusionarthrodesis

derm- means skindermatology

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BASIC TERMS

dys- means difficult or abnormaldyspnea

ect- means outsideectomorph

-ectomy means removalsplenectomy

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BASIC TERMS

-emia means condition of the bloodpolycythemia

enceph- means brainencephalitis

end- means withinendocrine

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BASIC TERMS

enter- means intestineenterostomy

epi- means upon or aboveepithelium

-genic means giving rise topsychogenic

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BASIC TERMS

glyco- means sugarglycosuria

hemi- means halfhemiplegia

hepat- means liverhepatitis

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BASIC TERMS

hyper- means in excesshypertension

hyster- means uterushysterectomy

-iosis means a pathological conditionamebiosis

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BASIC TERMS

-itis means inflammationtonsillitis

luek- means whiteleukocyte

lip- means fathyperlipemia

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BASIC TERMS

-lith means stonenephrolithiasis

-megaly means a state of largenesshepatomegaly

myel- means either bone marrow or spinal cordmyelocyte

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BASIC TERMS

myo- means musclemyocardium

neph- means kidneynephrosis

-oid means resemblingthyroid

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BASIC TERMS

-oma means tumor or swellingcarcinoma

-oscopy means visual examinationlaparoscopy

-osis means disease process or conditionnecrosis

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BASIC TERMSosteo- means bone

osteoarthritis

-ostomy means creation of an artificial opening in an organ

tracheostomy

-otomy means incisioncraniotomy

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BASIC TERMS

para- means near, alongside, beyond, or outsideparavertebral

-pathy means disease ofcardiomyopathy

-penia means lack ofleukopenia

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BASIC TERMS

-plasty means reparative or reconstructive surgeryrhinoplasty

pneumo- means airpneumothorax

pre- means beforeprecancerous

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BASIC TERMS

pro- means in front of or beforeprognathism

proct- means rectum or anusproctology

-ptosis means lowering of an organ or partnephroptosis

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BASIC TERMS

pyel- means pelvispyelogram

pyo- means puspyorrhea

spondyl- means vertebraspondylolysis

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BASIC TERMS

sub- means undersubmandibular

super- means above or excessivesupersensitivity

supra- means abovesupraventricular

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BASIC TERMS

syn- means togethersynarthrosis

trans- means acrosstransurethral

tri- means threetriceps

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LANDMARKSlateral - to the side (used in contradistinction to medial)

medial - to the center

superior - above (used in contradistinction to inferior)

inferior - below

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LANDMARKSanterior - before or in front (used in contradistinction to posterior)

posterior - behind or in back

dorsal - pertaining to the back (used in contradistinction to ventral)

ventral - pertaining to the front or abdominal surface

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LANDMARKS

palmar - pertaining to the palm of the hand

plantar - pertaining to the sole of the foot

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BODY AREASabdominal - pertaining to the stomach and intestinal area

carpal - pertaining to the wrist

cervical - pertaining to the seven vertebrae in the neck

costal - pertaining to the ribs

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BODY AREAScranial - pertaining to the skull

femoral - pertaining to the thigh

frontal - pertaining to the forehead

lumbar - pertaining to the five vertebrae in the lower portion of the back

pelvic - pertaining to the pelvic girdle

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BODY AREASrenal - pertaining to the kidney area

sacral - pertaining to the five vertebrae in the lowest portion of the back

sternal - pertaining to the sternum or breastbone

thoracic - pertaining to the twelve vertebrae in the upper portion of the back

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ABBREVIATIONSa.c. - before mealsb.i.d. - twice dailyB.P. - blood pressureC-1, C-2, C-3 - cervical vertebrae by numberCBC - complete blood countC.C. - chief complaintC.N. - cranial nerveC.N.S. - central nervous systemCPR - cardiopulmonary resuscitationCT - computed tomography

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ABBREVIATIONSCVA - cerebrovascular accidentdB - decibelDX - diagnosisESR - erythrocyte sedimentation rateF.H. - family historyFX - fractureGI - gastrointestinalHg - hemoglobinGU - genitourinaryHBV - hepatitis B virus

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ABBREVIATIONSHDL - high density lipoproteinHg - mercuryh.s. - at bedtimeH & P - history and physical examinationHX - historyL-1, L-2, L-3 - lumbar vertebrae by numberL.L.Q. - left lower quadrantL.M.P. - last menstrual periodL.U.Q. - left upper quadrantMRI - magnetic resonance imaging

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ABBREVIATIONSOA - osteoarthritisO.D. - right eyeO.S. - left eyep.c. - after mealsP.H. - past historyP.I. - present illnessp.r.n. - as neededq.i.d. - four times dailyRA - rheumatoid arthritisR.B.C. - red blood count

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ABBREVIATIONSR.L.Q. - right lower quadrantR/O - rule outR.U.Q. - right upper quadrantRX (or TX) - treatmentS-1, S-2, S-3 - sacral vertebrae by numberSOAP - subjective findings, objective findings, assessment, planT-1, T-2, T-3 - thoracic vertebrae by numbert.i.d. - three times dailyW.B.C. - white blood count