medical terminology - uobabylon.edu.iq · examples: underage, shorthand, download, brainstem ....
TRANSCRIPT
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Medical Terminology
Dr Monem Makki Alshok
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5 Ways to Learn
Saying
Hearing
Seeing
Writing
Thinking
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Combining Form
Word root + vowel = Combining form
Micr/ o = Micr/oWord root Combining vowel combining form
Gastr/o, therm/o, micr/o
Combining vowel = (a, e, i, o, u, or y)
Gastr/ o/ duoden/ -ostomyWord root combining vowel word root suffix
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Combining Vowel
Adding a vowel (a, e, i, o, u, or y) to a word root to create a combining form allows 2 or more word roots to be joined to form a compound word. It also allows a word rootto be joined with a suffix (word ending) to form a word. Vowel makes the term easier to pronounce.
– Examples: Cyt/o/meter, micr/o/scope, micr/o/film, micr/o/be, neur/o/spasm, therm/o/meter, micr/o/surgery
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MT
Combining form + Suffix = Compound
Word
Gastr/o duoden/o -scopy = Gastroduodenoscopycombining form combining form suffix compound word
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A word root, not a combining form, is used
to join a word root with a suffix or another
word root that begins with a vowel.
Word root + Suffix = Word
Dermat + itis = Dermatitisword root suffix word
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Compound Word
Compound words can be formed when 2 or more word roots are used to build the word. Sometimes word roots are words.
Word root + word root = Compound word
Chicken + Pox = ChickenpoxWord root word root compound word
Examples: underage, shorthand, download, brainstem
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Compound Word
Compound word can also be formed from
a combining form and a whole word.
Therm/o + meter = Therm/o/meterCombining form word compound word
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Compound Word
Micr/o + scope
Micr/o + surgery
Micr/o + meter
Hydr/o + phobia
Hydr/o + cele
Hydr/o + therapy
Microscope
Microsurgery
Micrometer
Hydrophobia
Hydrocele
Hydrotherapy
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Suffix
Suffix is an ending that follows a word root.
May be in a noun form or an adjective form
Combining form + Word root + Suffix = Compound word
Micr/o + scop + -icCombining form word root suffix
Examples: therm/o/metr/ic, electr/o/stat/ic, hydr/o/chlor/ic
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Suffix
Word root + Suffix = Noun
– Anem -ia Anemia
Word root + Suffix = Adjective
– Anem -ic Anemic
Suffix may change the part of the speech
between a noun and an adjective
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Suffix
Noun
-osis cyanosis
-ia anemia
-us mucus
-um ilium
-e condyle
-us carpus
-itis arthritis
-sis emesis
Adjective
-otic cyanotic
-ic anemic
-ous mucous
-ac iliac
-ar condylar
-al carpal
-itic arthritic
-tic emetic
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Suffix
Verbs are words that represent action or a
state of being.
The suffixes –ed or –ing added to the
word alter the tense of this verb.
– Past tense: Vomited, Injected
– Present Participle: Vomiting, Injecting
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Suffix - Noun
-ism = condition,
state, of theory
-tion = condition
-ist = specialist
-er = one who
-ity = quality
Examples:
• Hyperthyroidism,
Darwinism, Mendelism
• Contraction, relaxation
• Psychiatrist
• Radiographer
• Sensitivity, conductivity
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Suffix - Adjective
-ous = possessing,
having, full of
-able = ability
-ible = ability
Examples:
• Nervous, mucous,
serous
• Injectable, inflatable
• Edible, reducible
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Suffix: Singular vs. Plural
Greek
Singular Suffixes
o -ono Spermatozoon, ganglion
o -mao Carcinoma, lipoma
o -siso Crisis, prognosis
o -nxo Larynx, pharynx
Plural Suffixes
o -ao Spermatozoa, ganglia
o -matao Carcinomata, lipomata
o -seso Crises, prognoses
o -geso Larynges, pharynges
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Suffix: Singular vs. Plural
Latin
Singular Suffixes
-a– Vertebra, conjunctiva
-us– Bacillus, bronchus
-um– Bacterium, ilium
-is– Testis
Plural Suffixes
-ae– Vertebrae, conjunctivae
-i– Bacilli, bronchi
-a– Bacteria, ilia
-es– Testes
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Suffix: Singular vs. Plural
Latin
Singular Suffixes
-ex
– cortex
-ix
– Appendix
-ax
– thorax
Plural Suffixes
-ices
– cortices
-ices
– appendices
-aces
– thoraces
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Practice…
Singular:
Sarcoma
Diagnosis
Phalanx
Coccus
Calcaneum
Vertex
Cervix
thorax
Plural:
Sarcomata
Diagnoses
Phalanges
Cocci
Calcanea
Vertices
Cervices
thoraces
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Prefix
Prefix is a word part that goes in front of a
word root, changing the meaning of the
word.( Dis- , Ex-. Circum- , trans- , Dexa- )
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Prefix
Ex- + tension = Extension
Ex- + press = Express
Dis- + please = Displease
Dis- + ease = Disease
Im- + plant = Implant
Sup- + plant = Supplant
Trans- + plant = Transplant
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Acr/o = Extremities
Acr/o = extremities (arms and legs)
– Acr = word root
– O = vowel
– Acr/o = combining form
Acr/o/paralysis: Paralysis of extremities
Acr/o/cyan/osis: Condition of blue extremities
Acr/o/dermat/itis: Inflammation of skin of the
extremities, like red inflamed hands
Acr/ O / megaly
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Megal/o = Enlarged, Large
-megaly = Suffix for “enlarged”
Acr/o/megaly: Enlargement of the extremities
Acromegalic Gigantism = A specific disorder of the body with enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, and head.
-y = Suffix that means “the process or condition”. Makes a word a noun.
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Dermat/o = Skin
-logy = (noun) Study of
-logist = (noun) One who studies
-logos = Greek for study
Dermat/o/logist: The person who
specializes in diseases of the skin
Dermat/o/logy: The study of skin
Eti/o/logy: Study of the origin of disease
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-itis = Inflammation
Dermat/itis: Inflammation of the skin
– i.e. Contact (allergic reaction) dermatitis, or
due to infection, inflammation, trauma
Acr/o/dermat/itis: Inflammation of the skin
of the extremities
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Cavities A space containing organs
1.Dorsal
a. Cranial
b. Vertebral (spinal)
2.Ventral
a. Abdominal
b.Pelvic
c. Thoracic
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Planes
An imaginary flat surface1.Frontal – anterior/posterior
2.Sagittal – right/left
3.Transverse – upper/lower
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Positions: a reference point for location
or direction.
1.Anterior/Ventral – front of the body
Posterior/Dorsal – back of the body
2.Deep – away from the surface
Superficial – on the surface
3.Inferior – situated below
Superior – situated above
4.Lateral – pertaining to the side
5.Medial – pertaining to the middle
6.Prone – lying face down
Supine – lying face up
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NUMERICAL VALUES
half demi hemi semi
One mono uni
One and a half sesqui
Two bi di
three tri
Four tetra quadri
five quin que pent penta
six hex hexa sex
Seven hepta sept septi
Eight octa octi
Nine noni
Ten deca
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NUMERICAL VALUES
Hundred (10²) hecto
Thousand (10³) kilo
Million (106) mega
Billion (10⁹) giga
Trillion (10¹²) tera megabillion
Megabillion (10¹5) peta quintillion
Quintillion (1018) exa
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One tenth deci 10 ¹
One hundredth (10-2) centi
One thousandth (10-3) milli
One millionth (10-6) micro
billionth (10-9) nano
One trillionth (10-12) pico
One quadrillionth (10-15) femto
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Senses
A. Hearing acous/o acoust/o audi/o audit/o
-cusis
B. Smell olfact/o -osmia osm/o -ophresia
osphresi/o
C. Touch haph/e pselaphes/o tact/o
thigm/o
D. Taste -geusia gustat/o gust/o
E.Vision -opia -opsia opt/o