MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYChapter 6: Urinary System

Chapter 6 Abbreviations

ARF CRF GFR

UTI BUN cath cysto

= acute renal failure= chronic renal failure= glomerular filtration rate (most common number used to DX renal failure)= urinary tract infection= blood urea nitrogen= catheter= cystoscopy

Chapter 6 Abbreviations

IVP KUB Ua, UA FUO GU I&O

= intravenous pyelogram= kidneys – ureter – bladder= urinalysis= fever of undetermined origin= genitourinary= intake and output (only measures liquids)

The Urinary System

The Function Removes waste material from the body,

regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration in the body fluid

Consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

The Urinary System

Organs of the urinary system Kidneys

Two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum.

Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balance

The Urinary System

Parts of the Kidney Nephron: urine-producing microscopic

structure. (Approx. 1 million nephrons located in each kidney)

Glomerulus: cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. (Process of filtering blood/producing urine begins here)

Renal pelvis: funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

Hilum: indention on the medial side of the kidney where the ureter leaves the kidney

The Urinary System

Ureters Two slender tubes, approx. 10-13 in. long,

that receive the urine from the kidney and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder

Urinary Bladder Muscular, hollow organ that temporarily

hold the urine. As it fills, the thick, muscular wall becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size

The Urinary System

Urethra Lowest part of the urinary tract, through

which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. This narrow tube varies in length by sex. (~1.5 in. in females, ~ 8 in. in males)

In males, it is also part of the reproductive system, as it carries seminal fluid at the time of ejactulation

Urinary meatus Opening through which the urine passes to

the outside

The Urinary System

The Urinary System

Word Parts for Urinary SystemCombining Form Definition cyst/o,

vesic/o glomerul/o meat/o nephr/o,

ren/o pyel/o ureter/o urethr/o

bladder, sac glomerus meatus (opening) kidney renal pelvis ureter urethra

Word Parts commonly used with Urinary SystemCombining FormDefinition albumin/o blast/o glyc/o, glycos/o hydr/o lith/o noct/i olig/o son/o tom/o urin/o, ur/o

albumin developing cell, germ cell sugar water stone night scanty, few sound cut, section urine, urinary tract

Word Parts for Urinary SystemSuffix Definition -gram -iasis, -esis -lysis -megaly -ptosis -rrhaphy -tripsy -trophy -uria

record, radiographic image condition loosening, destruction, separating enlargement drooping, sagging, prolapse suturing, repairing surgical crushing nourishment, development urine, urination

Word Parts forUrinary SystemSuffix Definition lithiasis lithotomy

condition of stones incision to remove a stone

Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition cystitis cystocele cystolith glomerulonephrit

is

hydronephrosis

nephritis

inflammation of the bladder protrusion of the bladder stone in the bladder inflammation of the glomeruli of

the kidney abnormal condition of water in

the kidney (distention of the renal pelvis with urine because of an obstruction)

inflammation of a kidney

Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition nephroblastoma

nephrohypertrophy nephrolithiasis nephroma nephromegaly nephroptosis pyelitis pyelonephritis

kidney tumor containing developing cells (malignant tumor)

excessive development of the kidney condition of stone(s) in the kidney tumor of the kidney enlargement of a kidney drooping kidney inflammation of the renal pelvis inflammation of the renal pelvis and

the kidney

Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition ureteritis ureterocele

ureterolithiasis

ureterostenosis

urethrocystitis

inflammation of the ureter protrusion of a ureter (distally

into the bladder) condition of stones in the

ureters narrowing of the ureter inflammation of the urethra

and the bladder

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders]Term Definition

renal calculus renal failure

urinary retention

urinary suppression

urinary tract infection (UTI)

stone in the kidney loss of kidney function resulting in

its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

sudden stoppage of urine formation

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition cystectomy cystolithotomy cystorrhaphy cystostomy

cystotomy, vesicotomy

lithotripsy meatotomy

excision of the bladder incision of the bladder to remove a

stone suturing the bladder creating an artificial opening in the

bladder incision of the bladder

surgical crushing of a stone incision of the meatus (to enlarge it)

Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition

nephrectomy nephrolithoto

my nephrolithotri

psy nepholysis nephropexy nephrostomy

pyelolithotomy

excision of a kidney incision of the kidney to remove a stone surgical crushing of a stone in the

kidney separating the kidney (from other body

structures) surgical fixation of the kidney creation of an artificial opening into the

kidney incision of the renal pelvis to remove a

stone

Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition pyeloplasty ureterectomy ureterostomy

urethroplasty vesicourethr

al suspension

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

excision of a ureter creation of an artificial

opening in the ureter surgical repair of the urethra suspension pertaining to the

bladder and urethra

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Surgical Terms]Term Definition renal

transplant surgical implantation of a

donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney

Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term DefinitionDIAGNOSTIC IMAGING cystogram cystography intravenous

urogram

nephrogram nephrography

radiographic image of the bladder radiographic imaging of the

bladder radiographic image of the urinary

tract (with contrast medium injected intravenously) (intravenous pyelogram [IVP])

radiographic image of the kidney radiographic imaging of the kidney

(renogram)

Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition

nephrosonography

nephrotomogram

renogram

process of recording the kidney using sound (an ultrasound test)

sectional radiographic image of the kidney

(graphic) record of the kidney a nuclear med. test produced by

radioactivity after injecting a radiopharmaceutical, or radioactive material into the blood

also called renal scan or nephrogram

Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term Definition retrograde

urogram

voiding cystourethrography

radiographic image of the urinary tract retrograde means to move in a direction

opposite from normal; contrast medium is instilled through urethral catheters by a cytoscope

radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra radiopaque dye is instilled in the

bladder. Radiographic images called voiding cystourethrograms are taken of the bladder and during urination of the dye

Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term DefinitionENDOSCOPY cystoscop

e

cytoscopy nephrosco

py ureterosco

py urethrosco

pe

instrument used for visual examination of the bladder

visual examination of the bladder

visual examination of the kidney visual examination of the ureter instrument used for visual

examination of the urethra

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms]Term DefinitionLABORATORY blood urea

nitrogen (BUN)

urinalysis (UA)

a blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to determine kidney function an increased BUN indicates renal

dysfunction multiple routine tests performed

on a urine specimen

Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition albuminuria

anuria

diuresis

dysuria glycosuria

albumin in the urine albumin is an important protein in the

blood, but when found in the urine, it indicates a kidney problem

absence of urine (failure of the kidney to produce urine)

condition of urine passing through (increased amount of urine)

difficult or painful urination sugar (glucose) in the urine

Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition hematuria meatal nephrologist

nephrology

nocturia oliguria polyuria

blood in the urine pertaining to the meatus a physician who studies and

treats diseases of the kidney study of the kidney (a branch of

medicine dealing with idseases of the kidney

night urination scanty urine (amount) much (excessive) urine

Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition pyuria urinary urologist

urology

pus in the urine pertaining to urine a physician who studies and

treats diseases of the urinary tract

study of the urinary tract (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition catheter

(cath)

distended

enuresis hemodialysis

flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids

stretched out (a bladder is distended when filed with urine)

involuntary urination procedure for removing

impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms]Term Definition Incontinence micturate stricture

urinal urinary

catheterization

void

inabliity to control bladder and/or bowels

to urinate or void abnormal narrowing, such as a

urethral stricture receptacle for urine passage of a catheter into the

urinary bladder to withdraw urine to empty or evacuate waste

material, especially urine

Med Terms (not from word parts)[Additional Terms]Term Definition calculus creatinine diuretic sepsis

septic urea uremia

stone (pl. = calculi) waste product agent that increases the amt. of urine an infection caused by pathogens,

usually bacteria, spreading through bloodstream (also called septicemia)

pertaining to sepsis waste product condition of excessive waste products

in the blood; renal failure