medical surveilance workshop 2010 04 16
DESCRIPTION
Briefing given by Sr. Nellie Nel at a meeting in April 2010 on the necessity and overview of medical surveilance in occupational health.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Occupational HEALTH
![Page 2: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Occupational Health Timeline
BC: Hypocrates describes the symptoms of lead poisoning, not realising it is an occupational disease1700: Ramazinni, the “Father of occupational health” says the patient must always be asked what their occupation is.1833: The first factory inspectors and medical examinations in occupational health conducted in England.1895: The first occupational disease is declared notifiable.1980: South Africa starts training doctors and nurses in OH1993: The OHS Act is published as well as compensation legislation1996: The Mine Health and Safety Act is published
![Page 3: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
OH Timeline (cont)
South African health care professionals only received training from 1980!
Mining (open diamond mining) already started in 1872, gold mines in 1887.Farmers have been using pesiticides for decades prior.Factories have been using chemicals and operated in high noise levels long before 1980.Construction sites have been operating for even longer, full of dust and noise.The fishing industry have been operating for centuries before 1980.
➢ The industries have been in existence long before occupational health care in South Africa.
![Page 4: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
OH Timeline (cont)
According to a study conducted and published in the SASHON Journal of 2009, occupational disease in South Africa is made up of the following:
NIHL – 56%Depression/PTHD – 13%Dermatitis – 12%TB – 5%Pneumoconiosis – 4%Occupational asthma – 3%
This brings us to today's topic:
![Page 5: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Medical Surveilance
Hazard identification
Risk assesment
Risk mitigation
Medical serveilance
![Page 6: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Medical Surveilance
Medical surveilance according to OHS Act:
A planned programme or periodical examinations of employees by an OHP or
OMP (in prescribed cases).
![Page 7: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Medical Surveilance
Periodical examinations may include:
Clinical examination
Biological monitoring
Medical tests
![Page 8: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Medical Surveilance
Clinical examinations:Examining the body
Biological monitoring:Collecting body fluid, tissue or exhaled air to detect of quantify the exposure or absorption of any substance or organism by a person.
Medical tests:X-raysAudiometrySpecial vision screening
![Page 9: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Steps toward Medical Surveilance
Hazard identification
Risk assesment
Risk mitigation
Medical surveilance
![Page 10: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Hazard Identification
Physical Hazards
Chemical hazard
Biological hazards
Ergonomical hazards
Psycho-social hazards
![Page 11: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Physical Hazards
Noise NIHL
Vibration Raynoud's Phenomenon (vibration white fingers)Osteo Arthritis (hand arm vibration)Lower back pain (whole body vibration)Early degeneration of lumber spine (whole body vibration)
![Page 12: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Physical Hazards (cont)
Electricity
Burns
Electrocution (death)
Electrification (shock)
![Page 13: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Physical Hazards (cont)
Extreme temperatures
Heat Stroke
Frostbite
Radiation
Cancer
![Page 14: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Physical Hazards (cont)
Dust
Pneumoconiosis (inorganic dust)
Silicosis
Asbestosis
Occupational Asthma
![Page 15: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Chemical Hazards
Solvents
Benzene – Leukemia
Toluene – NIHL (Noise & Toluene)
Etc.
![Page 16: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Chemical Hazards (cont)
Metals
Metal fume fever
Pesticides
Organophosphate poisoning (lethal)
Chemical Asphyxiants
Carbon monoxide (coma, lethal)
![Page 17: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Biological Hazards
Snake/Spider bites (loss of limb, lethal)
HIV
TB
![Page 18: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ergonomical Hazards
Illumination (glare, headaches, poor vision)
Repetitive actions (repetitive strain disorders,
poor work performance, pain, pain, pain!)
![Page 19: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Psycho-social Hazards
Stress
High-blood pressure
Stroke
Depression
![Page 20: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Psycho-social Hazards (cont)
Boredom
Stress
Depression
![Page 21: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Psycho-social Hazards (cont)
Substance abuse
Injuries
Death
Lung disease
![Page 22: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Psycho-social Hazards (cont)
Night Work
Stress
Social issues
Metabolic disorders (i.e. Diabetes), due to biological clock
disturbances (controlled metabolic illnesses can become
uncontrolled)
![Page 23: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Risk Assessment
Using a measuring tool, ranking the hazards as low, med and high.
Risk matrix
Risk rating sheet
Basic risk scale
One might need:
Occupational hygienist
Material safety data sheets
![Page 24: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Risk Mitigation
Reducing the effect of the hazard on the employee's health
Engineering controls (ex. Less noisy machines)
Adminstrative controls (shift rotation, less personel in area, rules
and regulations)
Personal protective equipment (gloves, safety specs, etc)
AND THEN:
![Page 25: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Medical Surveilance
Plan the examinations and the intervals or frequency. Medical
surveilance will only change if the process or the environment
changes.
![Page 26: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Frost Bite
![Page 27: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Heat Stroke
![Page 28: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Sunburn
![Page 29: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Skin Cancer
![Page 30: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Electrocution
![Page 31: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Electrical Burns
![Page 32: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Raynoud's Phenomenon
![Page 33: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Spider bites
![Page 34: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Stroke
![Page 35: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Metal Fume
![Page 36: Medical Surveilance Workshop 2010 04 16](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061208/5487d995b47959d30c8b55f6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Visit our website & blog:
www.indusmed.net