medical support to the warfighter: from battlefield...
TRANSCRIPT
1
MEDICAL SUPPORT TO THE WARFIGHTER:
FROM BATTLEFIELD TO TERTIARY CARE
LtGen (Dr.) Douglas J. Robb, DO, MPH
CCOM Class of ‘84
April 2015
2
Agenda
• “Continuum of Care”
• Enroute Patient Care from: Force Health Protection to
Combat Casualty Care to Forward Resuscitative Care
to Theater Hospital Care to Definitive Care
• Integrated “Joint/Coalition” System of Systems
• Concept is to maintain equal or greater level/ quality of care with
each level of movement
• Destination: World Class NATO/Military/VA Healthcare System
AGENDA
TODAY’S AGENDA
We’ve Got to Be Ready
6
Combatant Commanders’
Areas Of Responsibility
Northern
Command
European
Command
Central
Command
Pacific
Command
Southern
Command
Special Operations
Command
Joint Forces
Command
Strategic
Command
Transportation
Command
Africa
Command
7
• Force Health Protection
• Tactical Combat Causality Care (TCCC)
• CASEVAC/MEDEVAC
• Forward Surgical Care
• MEDEVAC
• Expeditionary Theater Hospital Care
• Aeromedical Evacuation (AE)
• Critical Care Air Transport Teams (CCATT)
• “Joint Theater Support Teams”• Joint Theater Trauma System
• Joint Theater Medical Information Program/Electronic Health Record
• Telemedicine/Teleradiology
• Joint Logistics
• Joint Blood Program
• Destination: World Class Military/VA Healthcare System
Full Spectrum Healthcare
8
• Lowest Disease Non-Battle Injury (DNBI) rates in recent
recorded conflict
• Lowest Lethality Rates in recorded conflict
• WWII 30%
• Vietnam/Gulf War 24%
• OEF/OIF <10%
Translates To…
AIR & SEA DISTANCES
AIR
7,000 MI
24 HOURS
SEA
8,600 MI
20+ DAYS
SEA
12,000 MI
26+ DAYS
10
Battalion Aid
Station
“Level 1”
In Theater
Hospital
“Level 3”
Definitive Care
“Level 4”
Historical Route From Injury to Definitive Care
CASUALTY EVAC- Evac Policy -
1 Day
TACTICAL
EVAC- Evac Policy -
7 Days
STRATEGIC EVAC- Evac Policy -
15 Days
Field Hospital
“Level 2”
Continuous En-route Care
11
Overseas Medical Center
ASF
INTRA-THEATER INTER-THEATER
Definitive
Care
Theater Hospital
CASF
EMEDS
MASF Theater
Hospital Care
Forward
Resuscitative
Care
MASF
RCCET
& CCATT minus
Battalion
Aid StationFirst
Responder
Care
US Medical Center
Tactical AE Strategic AE
AE Crews
& CCATT
AE Crews
& CCATT
Continuous En-route Care:Stabilized… Stabilizing
CASEVAC/MEDEVAC
1 Hour
TACTICAL MEDEVAC/AE
1-24 Hours
TACTICAL/STRATEGIC AE
24-72 Hours
12
Force Health ProtectionBegins BEFORE You Step to the Jet!
• Deployment Medical Guidance
• Deployment Health Assessments• Pre and Post
• PDHRA after 90 and before 180 days
• Immunizations
• Chemoprophylaxis• CBRNE and Vector
• Occupational Environmental Health Surveillance
• Air, Water, Soil
• Food
• Occupational and Industrial Hygiene
• CBRNE
13
• HMMV is struck and
disabled
T+ 00:00
14
• Care Under Fire• Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT)
• Hemostatic Dressing
• Tactical Field Care• Hypothermia Prevention
• Combat Pill Pack
• Antibiotics
• Pain Control
• Combat Casualty Evac Care
“Correct Intervention At The Correct Time In The Continuum Of Combat Care!”
• Rapid Casualty Assessment (ABCs)
• Control Hemorrhage (CABs)
• Treat penetrating chest trauma
• Maintain airway
• Package casualty for transport
First Responder Care:
Tactical Combat Causality Care
15
• Taken to Forward
Surgical Care/Level II
• Arrival B/P 80
systolic
• Undergoes
exploratory
laparotomy: • Left Nephrectomy
• Splenectomy
• Packing of abdomen
• 8 units PRBC’s
• B/P 90’s systolic
T+ 00:25
16
MEDEVACMission
• Army
• Navy/AF/Coalition
17
Forward Surgical Teams Shock Trauma Platoons
Level II: Forward Surgical/
Resuscitative Care
18
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
13
-No
v-07
13
-Feb
-08
13
-May-0
8
13
-Au
g-08
13
-No
v-08
13
-Feb
-09
13
-May-0
9
13
-Au
g-09
13
-No
v-09
13
-Feb
-10
13
-May-1
0
13
-Au
g-10
13
-No
v-10
13
-Feb
-11
13
-May-1
1
13
-Au
g-11
13
-No
v-11
13
-Feb
-12
13
-May-1
2
13
-Au
g-12
AV
ERA
GE
AG
E (I
n D
ays)
SHIPMENT ARRIVAL DATE (in Weeks)
Shipments: N= 92
Highest Average Age: 10.6 Days (03 Nov 2012)
Lowest Average Age: 3.7 Days (19 Apr 2012)
Average Age past 12 Months: 7.5 Days
Most Recent Shipments: 7 Nov 2012 - 8.2 Days
10 Nov 2012 - 6.4 Days
GOAL IS FOR RBCS TO ARRIVE AT
THE BTC WITHIN 7 DAYS OF
COLLECTION
18
Fresher Blood is Better
Start of second
weekly flight to
theater and improved
efficiencies
2001: 30-42 Day RBCs, Saline 2013: < 21 day RBCs, plasma, platelets
19
ASWBPL-E
McGuire AFB
Ramstein
AFB
DoD Donor
Centers
Bagram AB
BSD
EMF
Kuwait
Kandahar
AB
BSD
Al Udeid AB
CENTCOM
379th
EBTC
Blood Lifeline
2001: 14 days
2013: 7.5 days
20
• Arrives LV III Theater Hosp
• Cold
• Coagulopathic
• Acidotic
• Taken straight to OR
T+ 03:00
21
Level II/III: Theater Expeditionary Hospitals
22
Medical Support:Afghanistan
• Combat Casuality Care
• Forward Resuscitative
Surgical Care
• Coalition/Theater Hospitals
• MEDEVAC
• Tactical AE Hubs
• Strategic AE Hubs
23
Injury Cause Trends:
Percentage of Total by Cause
51.1%
25.0%
8.7%
15.1%
EXPLOSIVE DEVICE
GSW
MVC
OTHER
THE “POWER” OF COALITION MEDICAL!
25
• Re-explored
• Packed, surgical control
gained
• Urgent blood drive for
AB+ blood
• Patient warmed to 38
degrees
T+ 03:00 to T + 06:00
26
• Transported to ICU
• CT scan of spine
• Completion of
resuscitation
• “Urgent” evacuation
request placed
T+ 06:00
NAVY
MEDCENS
SERMC
DDEAMC
GPRMC
BAMC
PRMC
TAMC
Air Force
MEDCENS
WRMC
MAMC
NARMC
WAMC
WRAMC
ERMC
LRMC Germany
Iraq
Kuwait
Afghanistan
Overflow Exams/Medevac
Workflow/workloads
Radiologist
LEGEND
18th MEDCOM
121st General Hospital
-
JOINT THEATER SUPPORT:
TELEMEDICINE & TELERADIOLOGY
28
T+ 10:00
• CCATT team alerted
• Patient prepared for transport
• C-17 arrives from Germany
• Cargo unloaded
29
Aeromedical Evacuation
Cargo In…
…Patients Out!
30
MASF/CASF
• Mobile Aeromedical
Staging Facility (MASF)• Mobile 24hr staging at tactical
airheads
• Rapid response staging
• Contingency Aeromedical
Staging Facility (CASF)
• 24hr staging at strategic
airheads
• Support to Theater Hospital
• Transport to AE aircraft
31
Tactical AE: Intra-theater
Hub & Spoke• C-130/NATO
• Opportune A/C
32
Garmabak
Chaghcharan
Qal’eh-ye Now
Meymaneh
Keleft
Jeyretan
Sar-e PolSamangan
Pol-e Khomri
Taloqan
Feyzabad
Eshkashem
Charikar
Farah
Delaram
Lashkar
Gah
Herat
Bamian
Shindand
Zaranj
Baghlan
Spin Boldak
Baghran
Balkh
JacobabadShamsi
Mazar-e-Sharif
Baraki
Ghazni
Gardez
Jalalabad
Khowst
Konduz
Shir Khan
Shkin
Orgun-eDeh Rawod
Geresk
Qalat
Bagram
Kandahar
Kabul
Karshi Khanabad
Miram Shah
Tarin Kowt
Termez
Strategic AE: Inter-theater
GE
GE
UK/GE
33
Global Patient Movement
16613145 47 56 52 48 56 48 4740
643 703 745 812 752827
271242257 318261 303 238 320 251297276303313
3135 31
41
721 779698
653
686728614
896977
802865
881865
884843
877
946
720
878804
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Pa
tie
nt
Mo
ve
me
nt
Re
qu
es
ts
CCATT TMS
CCATT PTS#
CENTCOM
EUCOM
NORTHCOM
SOUTHCOM*
PACOM
Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
49 36 44 49 52 51 64 54 77 34 53 76 64
71 55 76 91 83 84 117 87 113 53 87 115 103
34
AE:
Lifeline Home
CENTCOMScottAndrews
Ramstein
EUCOMTravis
Kadena
PACOMHickam
35
• CCATT arrives at
ICU
• CCATT moves
patient to AMBUS
to flight line
• Patient loaded for
flight
T+ 10:00
36
“FLYING ICUs”
Critical Care Air Transport
37
Transforming
Combat Casualty Care
Body Armor/Tactical Combat Casualty Care/
Damage Control Surgery & Resuscitation/CCATT
05
1015202530354045
Rev
War
War
of 18
12
Civil W
ar
WW
I
WW
II
Kore
a
Viet Nam
Gulf W
ar I
OEF/O
IF
Wartime US Lethality Rate (%)
38
Impact of DoD Trauma System: 2005 – 2013
Data from US Joint Trauma System (JTS)
39
• Patient loaded for flight
• 7 hour mission to Germany
• AMBUS transfer to Landstuhl
Regional Medical Center, Germany
T+ 12:00
40
• Taken to OR
• Re-explored/wash outs
T+ 24:00
41
• Patient transferred to
Walter Reed National
Capital Region with
CCATT team
T + 48:00
42
“TEAM MEDICS”
VA DoD
COMMUNITY
43
Aw
es
om
e (
z)
Time (t)
“Great Ideas” as a Function of TimeWorld War I
• IV fluids
• Blood transfusions
• Motorized ambulances
• Topical antisepsisWorld War II
• Whole blood/plasma available
• Specialty-specific surgical
groups
• Antibiotics
• Fixed wing aeromedical
evacuationKorean Conflict
• Improved fluid resuscitation
• Forward availability of definitive
surgery
• Helicopters for patient
evac/transport
• Primary repair/grafts for vascular
injuryVietnam
• Improved use of helicopters
• Improved laboratory support
• Portable radiology equipment
• Mechanical ventilators in theater
Desert Shield/Storm
• Burn team augmentation of
evacuation hospitals to provide
theater-wide burn care
• Intercontinental aeromedical
transport of burn patients
GWOT/OCO
• Military trauma system (JTTS/JTTR)
• Improved tourniquets
• Hemostatic agents
• Common use of external fixators
• “Damage control” resuscitation
• “Damage control” surgery
SUMMARY: CONTINUUM OF CARE INTEGRATED “JOINT/COALITION” SYSTEM of SYSTEMS
The “why”…
…we do what we do!
…the “Why Not”
There’s No Coming Home….
…Without you!
Study hard…focus on the patient...
and we’ll see you on the High Ground!