Medical Science Using Nano Technology

Mahfuzur RahmanCSE 04406150

Stamford University Bangladesh

What is Nano Technology ?

 Nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering.

Properties:

• Small size;• Unique properties • Control the properties. 

Introduction What is nanomedicine?

It is nanotechnology used for the treatment, diagnosis, monitoring and control of biological systems

It includes the delivery and targeting of pharmaceutical, therapeutic, and diagnostic agents using nanoparticles to cancer and other cells

It includes nanomaterial for bone, cartilage, vascular, bladder and neural applicationsFlesh eating/repairing nanorobots

Introduction–Goals of Nanomedicine

End goal of nanomedicine is improved diagnostics, treatment and prevention of disease

IntroductionUltimate goal is to integrate detection, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of disease into a personalized single platform

Nanotechnology holds key to a number of recent and future breakthroughs in medicine

Nanoparticles for Pathogen Detection

Nanoparticle Targeted RNA Fluorophore Release

• Gold nanoparticles can be functionalized with thiolated oligonucleatides.

• When the targeted RNA (H2N2, HIV or a cancer) bindes to the oligonucleatide, the fluorophore is released and becomes fluorescence.

• The fluorescence can be detected in a BioMEMS device.

• Challenge is developing oligonucleatides with high selectivity for the target RNA.

Nanoparticles for Targeted Detection of Cancer

Breast Cancer Cells Healthy Cells

•As an example, nanoparticle probes were developed at Northwestern Univ. that target the surviving RNA sequence known to exist in a certain breast cancers.

•On the left, cancer cells fluoresce.

•On the right, healthy cells show minimal fluorescence.

Nanoparticles At Interfaces

nm

mm to mm

oil-nanoparticle suspension,w/ droplets

water droplet:

• Nanoparticles can be functionalized, cross linked or sintered to make shell permanent, strengthen shell or change shell permeability.

Nano-Encapsulation for Drug Delivery• By making the holes between nanoparticles approximately the same size as the

drug you want to administer you can get a constant release rate – avoids spikes in dosage.

• Can also allow encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs which are difficult to get into you mostly water body.

Dru

g C

once

ntra

tion

in P

atie

nt

Time

Nano-Encapsulated Drug Delivery

Standard Diffusion Based Drug Delivery

Targeted Delivery to Tumors• Goal is to inject treatment far from tumor and

have large accumulation in tumor and minimal accumulation in normal cells/organs.

Nanoparticle use in Cancer Treatments

• Because of their small size, nanoparticles can pass through interstitial spaces between necrotic and quiescent cells.

• Tumor cells typically have larger interstitial spaces than healthy cells

• Particles collect in center bringing therapeutics to kill the tumor from inside out.

Application of nanomedicine

Drug Delivery: Drug Discovery : Tissue Repair and

Replacement Structural Implant Sensory Aids Surgical Robotics

The daVinci Surgical Robotics System

Some Common Application

Regulatory and Risk Issues

Genetic alteration

Environmental and workplace impact 

Possibly heightened toxicity of free nanoparticles

Manage the product supply chain 

Will medical nanorobots possess a humanlike artificial intelligence

Quit Impossible for today

May be in far future

Estimation

under development or nearing commercialization

New nanotechnologies may offer the only hope for systematic, affordable, and long term improvements to the health status of our population. This is because nano therapies may in action in the long run.

Thank you