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Medical Law in IndonesiaM. Endrio Susila

Norms in Medical Profession Ethical NormEthical norm refers to medical ethics.Medical ethics have been compiled in a code of medical ethics.The Indonesian Code of Medical Ethics was formulated in accordance with the International Code of Medical Ethics.ContThe International Code of Medical Ethics was developed based on the basic principles of medical ethics.The basic principles of medical ethics was extracted from the Hippocratic Oath.Basic Principles of Medical EthicsBeneficence.Non maleficenceAutonomyConfidentialityJusticeVeracityDisciplinary NormDisciplinary norm refers to medical disciplinary rules.Medical disciplinary rules formulated based on medical science.One of the forms of disciplinary rules is what so call the standard of profession.Legal NormLegal norms refer to medical law.The most important source of the medical law is legislations.Legislations are made by authoritative body, such as the parliament, the president, or the health minister.

ContMedical law is a species of law under the more general category known as health law.Under health law, beside medical law there are several others such as:Hospital law;Nursing law;Pharmacy law, etc. Available TermsDroit MedicalGesundheit RechtGezondheit RechtHealth LawMedical LawHukum KesehatanHukum KedokteranDefinitionsAccording to MES:Health Law is all legal rules governing the administration of health and health service.Medical law is all legal rules governing the practice of medicineLocal DefinitionsAccording to PERHUKI health law (hukum kesehatan) is: Semua aturan yang berhubungan langsung dengan pemeliharaan atau pelayanan kesehatan dan penerapannya, serta hak dan kewajiban sebagai penerima layanan kesehatan, maupun dari pihak penyelenggara pelayanan kesehatan dalam aspek organisasi, sarana, pedoman-pedoman medis nasional dan internasional, hukum di bidang kesehatan, yurisprudensi serta ilmu pengetahuan bidang kesehatan kedokteran.According to BPHN health law (hukum kesehatan) is:Ketentuan-ketentuan hukum yang mengatur tentang hak dan kewajiban, baik dari tenaga kesehatan yang melaksanakan upaya kesehatan, maupun dari individu atau masyarakat yang menerima upaya kesehatan tersebut dalam segala aspeknya, yaitu aspek promotif, preventif kuratif, dan rehabilitatif, dan diperhatikan pula aspek organisasi serta sarana.Sources of Health Law (Medical Law)LegislationsInternational Medical ProcedureMedical LiteraturesDoctrinesCustomsImportant LegislationsHealth Act 2009 (UU No 36 Th 2009)Medical Practice Act 2004 (UU No 29 Th 2004)Government Decree on Healthcare professional 1996 (PP No 32 Th 1996)Health Minister Decree 2011 on Medical Practice License (Permenkes No 2052 Th 2011)Health Minister Decree 2008 on Medical Record (Permenkes No 269 Th 2008)Health Minister Decree 2008 on Informed Consent (Permenkes No 290 Th 2008)Subject Health LawHealth Care ProviderHealth Care Receiver

Medical LawDoctor PasienObjectHealth LawRelationship between health care provider and health care receiver

Medical LawRelationship between doctor and patienImportant Issues of Medical LawDoctor-Patient RelationshipRights and ObligationsHealth-Related CrimesMedical Negligence/Medical MalpracticeAccountability/LiabilityDoctor-Patient RelationshipPatients RightsRight to informationRight to make consentRight to choose doctor and hospitalRight to the second opinionRight to see medical recordRight to reject or stop medical treatmentetc

Doctors ObligationsTo deal with the standard of professionTo refer to the more competent doctorTo keep confidential informationTo give medical emergency careTo respect patients autonomyTo add medical knowledge and its development

Health-Related CrimesIllegal AbortionIllegal implant, organ transplantation, blood transfusion, and plastic and reconstructive surgeryIllegal Medical PracticeMedical Negligence/Medical MalpracticeThe failure to follow the standard of care which cause damage upon the patient.Under Indonesian law, negligence constitutes cause of action for both civil and criminal litigation.In fact in Indonesia, medical malpractice has been perceived as criminal rather than civil matter.LiabilityInternal AccountabilityMedical Ethics Tribunal (MKEK)Medical Disciplinary Tribunal (MKDKI)Civil Liability (Doctor v Patient)Criminal Liability (Doctor v State)Important Issues of Health Act 2009Legal basis for the following actions:The practice of traditional/alternative medicine (s.69)Transplantation, implant, plastic surgery and reconstruction, the use of stem cell (s. 64)Abortion based on medical and psychological indication (s.75)Family planning (s.78)The use of extraordinary way for pregnancy (s. 127)Patients protection in the form of:The right to self determination including to refuse treatment (s. 56)The right to confidentiality (s. 57) The right to compensation (s. 58)

ContThe employment of mediation for resolving disputes in health matter (s. 29)Emergency care (s. 32)Dental health (s. 93)The prohibition of smoking in public space/no smoking are (s. 115)Criminal punishment for particular actions (health-related crimes) (s. 190 201)Important Issues of Medical Practice Act 2004Requirements for PracticeCertificate of CompetenceRegistration LetterPracticing LicenseMedical Disciplinary Tribunal (MKDKI)Penal Provisions