medical arthropods pharmacy 2012

8/2/2019 Medical Arthropods Pharmacy 2012

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Medical arthropods

Mohieddin M Abdul Fattah

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Arthropods

Insecta

Flies, bugs, fleas & lice

Chelicerata

Ticks, mite, scorpion

Crustacea

(cyclops)

3; head, thorax andabdomen

2; cephalothorax- nonsegmented abdomen

2;cephalothoraxand abdomen

Bodysegments

3 pairs 1 or 2 pairs 4 pairs 4 pairs Legs -wings

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Life cycle: Flies and mosquitoes and fleas: Egg larva pupa adult Lice and Bugs: Egg nymph adult. Tick and mites: Egg larva nymph adult.

Cyclops: Egg several larval stages adult


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Arthropodes

Arthropod can be: Pathogen or parasite: a disease-

causing organism

Host or Reservoir: an organisminfected by a pathogen or parasite Vector: an invertebrate organism that

carries disease causing organisms from

one host to another

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How do insects affect human health?

A. Permenant parasites of human tissues:

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Myiasis (larvae of non-biting flies)2. Tungiasis By Flea Tunga penetrans

3. Pediculosis by lice

4. Scabies by mite Sarcoptes scabeii.

B. Nuisance as temporarily biting parasitesC. Allergenic: mite (Dermatophagoides) induces

allergy.

D. Envenomization Tick poisoning, scorpiones,spiders.

E. Vectors that transmit microbial agents: viruses,Rickettsia, Bacteria, protozoa and helminthes.

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How insect vectors transmitinfectious diseases

A. Mechanical transmission:. Vectors act as passive carrier of the

microbes.. Microbes adhere to body parts or pass

unchanged through the digestive tracts ofthe insects.B. Biological Transmission (4 types):1. Propagative.2. Cyclopropagative.3. Cyclodevelopmental.4. Transovarian.

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Biological transmission?

A. Propagative:The microbe multiplies in thearthrpodes without cyclo-morphological

development. (Viruses, Rickettsia, Bacteria).B. Cyclopropagative:The microbe multiplies in the

arthrpodes with cyclo-morphological development.

(Protozoa; Plasmodium, Leishmania,trypanosomes).C. Cyclo-developmental: The microbe undergoes

vital cyclo-morphological development , but doesnot multiply.

. Helminthes; filaria, Hymenolepis, andDipylidium.

D. Transovarian: microbes transmitted verticallyfrom adult to the offspring through ovary.

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Medical Importance of insects

Name the induced diseases. Name the causative agent of each. Mention the type of transmission. Mention how the agent exits the

arthropod and how it enters the humanhost.

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Medical importance of flies

Non biting flies (Musca domestica)A. By Mechanical transmission

1. Typhoid fever: Bacteria; Salmonella typhi.2. Amoebic (Entameba histolytica) and bacillary

(Shigella dysenteries).3. Cholera (Vibrio cholerae).4. Conjunctivitis (Haemophylus sp)5. Hepatitis: Hepatitis A virus and poliomyelitis

(polioviruses).B. By direct invasion of tissues

1. Myiasis: tissue invasion by larvae of flies.

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Medical importance of biting flies All transmissions by bit ( anterior station)A. Plebotomus (Sandfly):1. Harara by irritating saliva2. Leishmaniasis (Leishmania) by cyclopropagative T.3. Sandfly fever(virus) by propagative T.4. Oroya fever (Rickettsia: Bartonella) by propagative T.B. Simulium Blackfly:1. Onchocerciasis (O. volvulus) cyclo-developmentally.

C. Chrysops.

1. Loiasis (Loa loa) by cyclo-developmental T.D. Glossina (Tsetse fly):1. African trypanosomiasis (T. brucei) by cyclo-

propagative.


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Medical importance of insects Kissing bugs:

1. American trypanosomiasis: Trypanosoma cruzi.. Fleas:

1. Plague; Bacteria (Yersinia pestis).

2. Endemic typhus (Rickettsia mooseri),3. Hymenolepiasis: Hymenolepis nana and

diminuta.

4. Dilepidiasis: Dipylidium caninum.

5. Dermatitis due to hypersensitivity to fleas saliva.

6. Tungiasis (Chigger): Tissue invasion by Tunga flea.

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Medical importance of insects

Lice:1. Epidemic relapsing fever(Borrelia recurrentis).2. Epidemic typhus (Rickettsia prowazeki).3. Trench fever(Bartonella quintana).

4. Pediculosis: tissue invasion.. Mosquitoes:1. Malaria (protozoa; Plasmodium)2. Elephantiasis: Wucheria bancrofti,

3. Yellow fever (virus).4. Dengue fever (virus)

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Medical importance of insects Ticks:1. Rocky mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii).

2. Q fever (Rickettsia; Coxiella burnetii).3. Endemic relapsing feverBacteria (Borrelia. duttoni).4. Babesiosis: Protozoa; Babesia5. Tick paralysis (salivary envenomization). Mites:1. Liponyssoides: rickettsialpox (R.acari)2. Trombicula:o. Scrub typhus fever: Rickettsia orientaliso. Dermatitis: allergy to saliva excreted during bite.1. Demodex folliculorum: acne like lesion (tissue invasion).2. Sarcoptes scabeii: scabies (tissue invasion).3. Dermatophagoides: bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis.

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Medical importance ofarthropodes

Cyclops:

1. Diphyllobothriasis: D. latum.

2. Sparganosis: D. mansonoides.3. Dracontiasis: Dracunculus medinensis. Cyclo-developmental transmission..

Through accidental ingestion of cyclops.

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medical arthropods pharmacy 2012

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