mediation of induced abortion in humans by kin selection criteria by alan tate
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Mediation of Induced Abortion in Humans by Kin Selection CriteriaMediation of Induced Abortion in Humans by Kin Selection Criteria
By Alan Tate
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Evolving the Thesis Evolving the Thesis
• One person has to be responsible
• Should it be the mother or the father
• Why should it not the father
• Maybe it should be…?
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Agenda Agenda
1. Abortion 1. Abortion
2. “Natural” termination2. “Natural” termination
3. Kin Selection and Altruism 3. Kin Selection and Altruism
4. Who decides? 4. Who decides?
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Abortion by type Abortion by type
STOP: Surgical Termination Of
Pregnancy•Electric vacuum
aspiration •Dilation and evacuation
•Intrauterine cranial decompression
STOP: Surgical Termination Of
Pregnancy•Electric vacuum
aspiration •Dilation and evacuation
•Intrauterine cranial decompression
Prescribed Drug • Mifepristone • Methotrexate • Misoprostol
Prescribed Drug • Mifepristone • Methotrexate • Misoprostol
Natural or accidental termination (miscarriage).
• < 6th week•25% of pregnancies
Natural or accidental termination (miscarriage).
• < 6th week•25% of pregnancies
Spontaneous Spontaneous Induced ChemicalInduced Chemical Induced Surgical Induced Surgical
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Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes
“…abortion appears to pose an insoluble conflict between two fundamental values: the right of a fetus to live and
the right of a woman to choose her own fate.”
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Abortion: Response to deciding “Her own fate”Abortion: Response to deciding “Her own fate”
Decision
Impregnation
Non-self
RecombinationCopulation
Pregnancy's Providence
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Abortion: Who Decides? Abortion: Who Decides?
• Mother
• Trained educators – Retracts the freedom in fertility
• Nearest within relationship – Apt to care
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“Natural” Termination “Natural” Termination
What do we see in Nature?
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“Natural” Termination“Natural” Termination
• ♀ Parental investment
• ♀ Incentive vs. ♂
• Ability to spontaneously abort in lions
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Kin Selection and Altruism Kin Selection and Altruism • Inclusive Fitness
– Direct Fitness – Indirect Fitness
• Altruism – Actor is harmed – Recipient(s) benefits
• Kin Selection – Gain of indirect fitness by kin – Altruistic aptness ↑ w/ relatedness – Kin Recognition
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Kin Selection and Altruism: Example Kin Selection and Altruism: Example
• Blue-footed Booby
• Sibling-sibling-parental interaction
• Food Shortage
• Siblings have a greater degree of relatedness*
• Siblicide
*Intraclass correlation = rVa + θVd, by summation of the variance components
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Kin Selection and Altruism: Example ApplicationKin Selection and Altruism: Example Application
Siblicide Direct 3 Indirect3 Inclusive3
Actor1 - + +
Recipient2 + + +
Mothers
Choice Direct 3 Indirect3 Inclusive3
Actor1 - - -
Recipient2 - - -
1 Mother
2 Offspring
3 In terms of Fitness
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Kin Selection and Altruism: Application for Humans Kin Selection and Altruism: Application for Humans
• Genetically-mediated altruistic response of kin selection
• Human inability to consciously spontaneously abort young
• Maternal choice would not be the most altruistic for kin
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Who Decides? Who Decides? • Fertile female with the greatest degree of relatedness
– The mothers daughter (If applicable) • Fertile
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Evolving the Thesis Evolving the Thesis
• In this way, the security of nature’s most altruistic act toward the fitness of the unborn by kin selection criteria would be ensured in the mediation of regulatory propagation.
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ReferencesReferences• Woodroffe, R., & Vincent, A. (1994). Mother’s little helpers: Patterns of male care in mammals. Trends in Ecology
and Evolution, 9, 294-297.
• Trivers, R. L. (1972). Sexual selection and the Decent of Man 1871-1971 (B. Champbell ed). Chicago: Aldine.
• Packer, C., & Pusey A. E. (1983). Adaptations of female lions to infanticide by incoming males. American Naturalist, 121(5), 716-728.
• Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behavior. I. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1-16.
• Sherman, P. W. (1981). Kinship, demography, and Belding’s ground squirrel nepotism. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 8, 251-259.
• Sundstrom, L., & Boomsma, J. J. (2001). Conflicts and alliances in insect families. Heredity, 86, 515-521.
• Manning, C. J., Wakeland, E. K., & Potts, W. K. (1992). Communal nesting patters in mice implicate MHC genes in kin recognition. Nature, 360, 581-583.
• Anderson, D. J., & Sherman, P. W. (1995). Evidence of kin-selection tolerance by nestling and a siblicidal bird. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 37, 163-168.
• Lougheed, L. W., & Anderson, D. J. (1999). Parent blue-footed boobies suppress siblicidal behavior of offspring. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 45, 11-18.
• Roe v. Wade (1973). 410 U.S. 113.
• Tribe, L. H. (1992). Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
• Freeman, S., & Herron, J. C. (2004). Evolutionary Analysis. Upper Saddle River: Pearson & Prentice Hall.
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Questions?