med terms principles of health science. dr. smith enters the nurse’s station and begins to dictate...
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Med Terms
Principles of Health Science
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Dr. Smith enters the nurse’s station and begins to dictate notes that say Mrs. Jones needs to have an exploratory laparotomy, but he suspects he will end up doing a bilateral salpingoophorectomy.
Before the surgery he wants a CXR, EKG, CBC and ABG done, stat.
You suddenly feel thankful that Ms. Garza spent so much time teaching you medical terminology.
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• It is nearly impossible for even the most experienced healthcare professional to be familiar with every medical term.
• However, knowledge of prefixes, suffixes, and root words is essential.
• It is vital that every healthcare professional be familiar with commonly used medical terminology.
• A medical dictionary is an excellent reference for unfamiliar terms.
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Word Parts/Building Blocks – most medical terms are formed by a combination of basic word parts.
An understanding of how these parts work together makes interpreting medical language easier.
Prefixes – usually indicate location, time, or number and come at the beginning of a word
Suffixes – usually indicate the procedure, disease, or condition and come after the root word
Root Words – usually indicate the part of the body involved
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Combining Vowel 1. usually “o” 2. attached to the root word 3. makes medical terms easier to pronounce
4. is NOT used a when suffix begins with a vowel
5. IS used when suffix begins with a consonant
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• Prefix + Root Word + Suffix = Medical Term
• Poly + neur/o + itis = POLYNEURITIS
• many + nerves + inflammation = inflammation of many nerves
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Common Medical Prefixes• a-, an- negative, without
• ab- away from
• ad- towards
• anti- against
• ante- before
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• bi- two, both
• brachy- short
• brady- slow
• dys- painful, difficult
• dors- back
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• endo- inside
• epi- above, upon
• hemi- half
• hyper- excessive, above, more than
• hypo- decrease, below, less
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• inter- between, among
• intra- within, inside
• macro- large, big
• mal- bad
• micro- small
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• neo- new
• para- beside or below
• peri- around
• poly- many
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• post- after
• sub- below
• super- above
• tachy- fast
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Common Medical Suffixes
•-algia- painful
•-asthenia –weakness
•-cele –hernia
•-centesis -surgical puncture
•-ectomy -removal
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• -itis -inflammation/infection
• -gram –picture
• -malacia -abnormal softening
• -megaly- enlargement
• -necrosis -death of tissue
• -plegia -paralysis
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• -ology -study of
• -osis -abnormal condition
• -ostomy -surgical opening
• -otomy -surgical incision
• -orrhea- flow
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•-pathy –disease
•-plasty -surgical repair
•-rrhaphy –suture
•-sclerosis -abnormal hardening
•-scope -instrument to view
•-stenosis -narrowing
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Common Medical Root Words•acro –extremities
•angi/o –vessel
•arthr/o- joint
•cardi/o –heart
•cerebr/o –brain
•chrondr/o- cartilage
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• cyte -cell
• gastr/o- stomach
• hepat- liver
• lapar -abdomen
• latero- side
• mamm/o- breast
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• medial- middle
• my/o –muscle
• cost/o –ribs
• nephr/o -kidney
• oophor –ovary
• ot/o -ear
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• pneum/o -lung/air
• rhino -nose
• tend/o -tendon
• trachi -trachea (wind pipe)
• thorac -chest
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• salpingo -fallopian tube
• procto -rectum
• oste/o -bone
• neur/o -nerve
• nas/o -nose
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• myel/o -spinal cord/bone marrow
• mast/o –breast
• lip/o- fat
• laryng -larynx (voice box)
• hyster/o -uterus
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• hemo/hemat- blood
• enter/o -small intestines
• cyst/o -sac/bladder
• col/o -large intestines/colon
• cervi/c -neck
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• carp -wrist
• brachi -arm
• arteri/o -artery
• aden -gland
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• Just as in the English language, occasionally we use abbreviations to expedite writing orders and notes.
• Many of the abbreviations come from diagnostic testing, such as laboratory tests and different types of x-rays.
• Many of the therapy units have also adopted common abbreviations.
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• ASAP – as soon as possible• ABG’s– arterial blood gases• AC – before meals• Amb – ambulate or to walk• BP – blood pressure• BS – blood sugar, bowel sounds, breath
sounds
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• CBC – complete blood count• CXR – chest x-ray• DNP – do not publish• DNR – do not resuscitate• EKG – electrocardiogram• FBS – fasting blood sugar
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• GI – gastrointestinal• ICU – Intensive Care Unit• Pt – patient, pint• PT – physical therapy• ROM – range of motion• Stat – now• TPR – temperature, pulse, and respiration• VS – Vital signs• W/C – wheel chair
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