mecosta county the need for increased physical activity
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Mecosta County The need for increased physical activity. Marylynn Adamski, Dena Bailey, Katherine France, Nathon Kelly, & Marijo Johnson. Assessment. Population in 2009 Michigan 9,969,727 Mecosta County 41,775 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Mecosta CountyThe need for increased
physical activity
Marylynn Adamski, Dena Bailey, Katherine
France, Nathon Kelly, & Marijo
Johnson
Assessment Population in 2009
Michigan 9,969,727 Mecosta County 41,775
Leading cause of death 2008
Michigan Heart Disease 23.5 Mecosta county Heart Disease 25.2
Death by heart disease is much higher in Mecosta County than the State of Michigan
Assessment Obesity is the leading cause of Heart Disease
Obesity is Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30
Mecosta Obesity 26.2%Michigan Obesity 29.4%
Mecosta county has less people but they have almost same the obesity rate as the State of Michigan.
What group is most effected
Obese adults had a higher prevalence of coronary heart disease, arthritis, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, asthma, stroke, heart attack, diabetes and inadequate sleep compared with non obese adults.
Resources for physical activityMecosta County
Parks 18 Golf courses – Public 4Golf courses – Private 3Fitness Centers/Gyms 4Walking/Biking/Hiking Trails 4
City of Big Rapids Recreation
50+ Exercise Tuesdays 1:00 Evergreen Community Building50+ Dance Tuesdays 1:00 Evergreen Community Building50+ Water Aerobic Monday Wednesday & Friday 8:30am-9:30am and 10:00 am-11:00 am Ferris State University Pool
Resources con’t
LET’S WALK BIG RAPIDS - is a non-competitive walking program that offers exercise while spending quality time on Big Rapids parks and trails. Let’s Walk Big Rapids is a free program for all ages. Walks are held in the Spring and Fall months.
Big Rapids Bike Club
Scope of Community Nursing Practice
Community health nurses will be taking care of clients who have the diseases associated with the lack of physical activity.
It is a community wide problem.Community health nursing will work to get
clients to increase physical activity. Community health nurses will inform various
groups about what they can do to increase physical activity.
Community Groups that can help promote physical activity
Chippewa Lake Lions ClubCommission on Aging and Senior Center Big Rapids Lions ClubsBarryton Lions Club
Diagnosis
Risk for heart disease among adults related to lack of physical activity secondary to obesity
PlanPrimary Prevention:
Must start at a young age.Emphasis on exercise and healthy eating
habits.Establish healthy habits from a young age to
reduce obesity later in life. Continued support of physical activity
throughout life.Secondary Prevention:
Establish a diet and exercise program.Screen for medical causes of obesity and treat.
Primary Prevention - ChildrenThe first step in increasing physical activity
and decreasing obesity is with children.The primary care physician (pcp) should be one
of the greatest advocates for physical activity.Young et al. (2010) establish a need for pcp’s to
advise parents on ways to increase physical activity and promote healthy eating habits.
Primary Prevention - Adult
PCP’s play an important role in promoting health and physical activity in normal weight adults.
Normal weight adults are least likely to receive education on healthy habits when they are the ones that would most benefit from it.
Nawal et al. (2007) found that on 2.6% of normal weight adults received primary prevention.
Secondary PreventionFocus on addressing lack of physical activity
and unhealthy eating habits.The PCP is the prime candidate for this but
all healthcare workers should work to address lack of physical activity.
Kirksick et al. (2010) found that even moderate decreases in caloric intake and moderate increases in physical activity can result in weight loss.
OutcomesOutcomes will be measured using national and
state data on obesity in adults and children in Mecosta county.
Self reported exercise and food journals will be utilized to monitor physical activity and caloric intake. These can be followed by the PCP.
PCP’s will weigh and record BMI at all visits to monitor for changes and provide education at needed.
InterventionsEncourage nutritious, satisfying meals.Teach about low-calorie, nutritious foods.Encourage exercise such as walking, jogging,
aerobics, or swimming appropriate to age and physical condition.
Provide teaching and pamphlets on cholesterol and hypertension.
Encourage patient to take prescribed medications for cholesterol, hypertension and diabetes if needed.
Teach the importance of medication compliance
Interventions, Cont.Encourage the use of food journals Teach children about nutritious snacks and
mealsTeach parents the importance of physical
activity for children
Factors Positively Associated with Adult Physical Activity
Postsecondary educationHigher incomeEnjoyment of exerciseExpectation of benefitsBelief in ability to exercise (self-efficacy)History of activity in adulthoodSocial support from peers, family, or spouseAccess to and satisfaction with facilitiesEnjoyable scenerySafe neighborhoods(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Understanding physical
activity)
Barriers to Increasing Physical Activity
Advancing ageLow incomeLack of timeLow motivationRural residencyPerception of great effort needed for exerciseOverweight or obesityPerception of poor health Being disabled(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Understanding Physical
Activity)
Evaluation Evidence Based Practice has shown that by starting young, teaching and
providing healthy foods to children can increase the amount of healthy food that children will eat. “A 2-year randomized control trial of a school-based environmental intervention that increased the availability of lower-fat foods in cafeteria à la carte areas indicated that sales of lower-fat foods increased among adolescents attending schools exposed to the intervention” (Khan, Sobush, Keener, Goodman, Lowry, Kakietek, Zaro, 2009).
Teaching parents about the importance of physical activity and having children inrcrease the amount of physical activity does make a difference. “Modifying school PE curricula was effective in increasing physical activity across racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic populations, among males and females, in elementary and high schools, and in urban and rural settings” (Khan et al., 2009).
Physical activity is known to reduce your risk of heart disease and obesity. The Center for Disease Control states “Regular physical activity can also lower your blood pressure and improve your cholesterol levels” (CDC, 2011).
Evaluation Education, such as providing pamphlets on cholesterol and teaching on
medication management proved to be an effective intervention in a study done by the CDC. Patient outcomes included a reduction in both weight gain and blood pressure.(CDC, 2010).
“Interventions in community settings to promote physical activity have emerged as a critical piece of an overall strategy to increase physical activity in the United States” (Zaza, Briss, & Harris, 2005, p. 81). EBP shows that these interventions can help to encourage and educate the people in the community to understand how important it is to be physically active and eat a healthy diet. Implementing these interventions can reduce the risk of heart disease and obesity.
Other Interventions that are recommended by EBP are:
1. Making sure there is access to healthy food
2. Restrict the sales of less healthy food3. Provided smaller portions in public
venues4. Lower the amount of hours that are
spent watching television and on the computer
(Khan et al., 2009).
Policies to Enhance Physical Activity
Increasing physical activity in adults requires both resources and motivation of the
individual.
Mecosta County has several community infrastructures available but barriers may
continue to exist.
Federal and State governments have demonstrated increased awareness of the
need for increased physical activity by addressing physical activity goals in Healthy
people 2020 and Healthy Michigan 2010.
Policies to Enhance Physical Activity
Increasing physical activity requires a consistent message from the media,
government and educational systems.
Successful policies will include an assessment and plan to eliminate barriers.
Although the target group for this presentation is adults, research has demonstrated that
developing physical activity habits at a young age is more likely to increase physical activity
as an adult.
U.S. National Physical Activity Plan“comprehensive set of policies, programs,
and initiatives that aim to increase physical activity and create a national culture that supports physically active lifestyles, improve health, prevent disease and disability, and enhance quality of life”
“Vision: One day, all Americans will be physically active and they will live, work, and play in environments that facilitate regular physical activity”.
(National Physical Activity plan, 2010, para. 2-3)
Plan InitiativesBusiness and Industry Education
Identify evidence based practice and interventions in the workplace
Encourage business to increase physical activity opportunities in the workplace
Provide education to business owners on the positive effects of physical activity
Assist with policy development
• Provide access and opportunity for high quality physical activity programs in schools
• Develop state and district school policies and regulations
• Provide access to physical activity programs
• Develop partnerships with private sector to link opportunities in the school and community
Plan Initiatives (Continued)Health Care Mass Media
Make physical activity a “vital sign”
Establish physical activity as treatable and preventable
Prevent and treat physical inactivity
Reduce disparities to access to physical activities
Include physical activity training in the education of health care professionals
Assist with local, state and institutional policy development
Encourage partnerships to promote themes in physical activity
Sustain a mass media campaign
Develop mass media messages
Identify funding for research to develop evidence related to the use of existing and emerging technologies for increasing physical activity
Plan Initiatives (Continued)Parks, Recreation, Fitness and Sports
Public HealthPromote programs and
facilities where people work, learn, live, play and worship
Enhance the existing parks, recreation, fitness, and sports infrastructure
Increase funding and resources for parks, recreation, fitness, and sports programs and facilities in areas of high need.
Create, maintain, and leverage cross-sector partnerships and coalitions that implement effective strategies to promote physical activity
policy development to elevate the priority of physical activity in public health practice, policy, and research
Disseminate tools and resources important to promoting physical activity
Plan Initiatives (Continued)Transportation, Land Use and Community
Design
Volunteer and Not for Profit
Prioritize resources and provide incentives to increase active transportation and other physical activity through community
Increase connectivity and accessibility to essential community destinations to increase active transportation and other physical activity
Advocate to local, state and national decision makers for policies and system changes identified in the National Physical Activity Plan
Conduct outreach to non-profit groups’ members, volunteers, and constituents to change their own behaviors and advocate for policy and system changes
National Physical Activity Plan, 2010.
Healthy Michigan 2010Initiatives to promote health and physical
activity to ensure the wellness and productivity of the workforce
200 Community Health employees worked to develop initiatives
Michigan Healthy People 2010 included goals to increase physical activity in adults and adolescents.
(Surgeon General Report, 2004, p. 55)
Community Physical Fitness Support Groups
Mecosta County Medical Center: produced several community news letters with significant information on the benefits of increased physical activity
Mecosta Medical Center: Assists cardiac rehab patients with initiating a phase 1 and 2 rehab program which includes a physical fitness program
Mecosta County Youth Center: after school sports and activities
Mecosta County Area on Aging: fitness classes- A Matter of Balance, EnhanceFitness; also offer transportation to activities
ConclusionPhysical activity can decrease the incidence of
obesity and therefore decrease the incident of heart disease.
Mecosta County has a significant number of overweight individuals and may benefit from implementation of the initiatives represented in the U.S. National Physical Activity Plan
Early physical activity habits are more likely to carry on into adult life. This signifies the importance of early education and physical activity programs.
References Center for Disease Control. The Guide to Community Preventative Services. 2010. Retrieved
from: http://www.thecommunityguide.org/obesity/Multicomponent.html
City of Big Rapids Recreation. (2010). Retrieved from:
http://www.ci.big-rapids.mi.us/pdfs/Recreation_Programs_Offered.pdf
Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy people 2020. Retrieved from: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=33
Kerksick, C., Wismann-Bunn, J., Fogt, D., Thomas, A., Taylor, L., Campbell, B., & ... Kreider, R. (2010). Changes in weight loss, body composition and cardiovascular disease risk after altering macronutrient distributions during a regular exercise
program in obese women. Nutrition Journal, 959. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Khan, L. K. Sobush, K. Dana Keener, D. Goodman, K. Lowry, A.Kakietek, J. Zaro, S. Recommended community strategies and measurements to prevent obesity in the United States. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5807a1.htm
Leading causes of death, 2008 Mecosta County. (2011). In Michigan Department of Community Health. Retrieved from http://www.michigan.gov/mdch.
References – cont. Lutfiyya, M., Nika, B., Ng, L., Tragos, C., Won, R., & Lipsky, M. (2008). Primary
prevention of overweight and obesity: an analysis of national survey data. Journal Of General Internal Medicine, 23(6), 821-823. Retrieved from EBSCOhost
Mecosta County Clubs and Organizations Retrieved from: http://www.americantowns.com/mi/mecosta-county/organizations/clubs-and-organizations
Michigan Department of Community Health. (2009) Cardiovascular disease Retrieved from: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdch/09_HeartDis_198879_7.pdf
Michigan Department of Community Health. (2009) Overweight and Obesity in Michigan: Surveillance Report Series. Retrieved from: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdch/Obesity_chapter_283600_7.pdf
ReferencesMI Home Town Locator. (2011).Retrieved from
http://michigan.hometownlocator.com/features/cultural,class,park,scfips,26107.cfm
Ralph, S., Taylor, C. (2008). Nursing diagnosis reference manual. (Seventh ed.) Lipponcott Williams & Wilkins, Ambler, PA.
U.S. National Physical Activity Plan. (2010). The plan. Retrieved from : http://www.physicalactivityplan.org/theplan.php
Wisdom, K. (2004, April 8). Healthy Michigan 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/Healthy_Michigan_2010_1_88117_7.p df
Young, P., DeBry, S., Jackson, W., Metos, J., Joy, E., Templeman, M., & Norlin, C. (2010). Improving the prevention, early recognition, and treatment of pediatric obesity by primary care physicians. Clinical Pediatrics, 49(10), 964-969. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.