1. Daniel Schlenk, Ph.D. University of California Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences Evaluation of Endocrine Disruption in Benthic Flatfish of Southern California Collected Near A Publicly Owned Treatment Works Outfall

2. Thanks EDWG-Southern California, Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP) City of LA City of San Diego LACSD OCSD CSULB UCSD Orange County Sanitation District CEQI-UC-Marine Council Xin Deng Mary Ann Irwin-Rempel Jeff Armstrong Michael Coronado Bruce Brownawell Sharanya Reddy David Sedlak Ed Kolodziej Shane Snyder 3. Environmental Estrogens Natural Products POPs Pharmaceuticals Industrial Compounds Genistein DDT Ethinyl estradiol Bisphenol A Naringenin Kepone DES Phthalate esters Coumestrol PAHs Alkylphenols Zearalenone PCBs/OH-PCBs Endosulphan B-sitosterol Dioxins Triazines 4. Mechanisms of Feminization Direct Acting Receptor Based (ER) Indirect Acting Estradiol synthesis Central-HPG axis (gonadotropin, aromatase) Anti-androgens Estradiol elimination CYP or Phase II inhibition 5. Exposure Absorption Storage Distribution Target Biotransformation Elimination Pharmacodynamic Dispositional Processes 6. Hiramatsu et al. 2005 7. Potential Spatial and Temporal Impacts of Environmental Stressors Adams et al. 2002 8. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 T11 (female) T11 T1 (outfall) T0 T6 T14 Sampling Site VitellogeninExpression(ODU) Hornyhead Turbot English Sole Bigmouth Sole Vitellogenin Expression in Demersal Flatfish of So. Cal Bight 0.42 ng/g 0.048 ng/g Roy et al. 2003 9. Proportion of plasma vitellogenin levels at given concentrations in hornyhead turbot 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Outfall July '03 n=5 Outfall Jan '04 n=7 Outfall Aug '04 n=10 Reference Jan '04 n=54 Sampling Site and Period Percentage >0.45 ng/ug 0.31-0.45 ng/ug 0.15-0.30 ng/ug