mechanick exercises : doctrine handy-works. joseph moxon, · the toolemera press edition joseph...
TRANSCRIPT
Mechanick Exercises :OR THE
DoctrineOF
Handy-Works.
By Joseph Moxon, Fellow of theRoyal Society, and Hydrographer to the late
King Charles.
The Third Edition1703
A Digital Reprint, in Facsimile
The Toolemera Presshttp://toolemera.com
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
Copyright © 2009 Gary RobertsThe Toolemera Press
The Toolemera Press digital edition of Mechanick Exercises: Or, The Doctrine of Handy-Works, by Joseph Moxon, 1703 edition. All rights reserved. No part of this CD, including any and all printed materials or digital objects (PDF documents, Text documents, JavaScript functions, etc.) may be reproduced, stored in an electronic retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by an means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, photographic or otherwise without the written permission of the publisher, Gary Roberts.
NOTE: All PDF files contained within this CD have been created by the Publisher. While the original materials may exist within the Public Domain, the process of scanning, image adjustment, PDF design, compilation and editing of said materials results in a PDF object that is held under copyright by the Publisher. Under current interpretation of U.S. and International Copyright Law, the creation of a customized PDF object is covered under all copyright provisions.
❖
International Standard Book Number : 978-0-615-28981-6
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Published by Gary RobertsThe Toolemera PressDedham, MA 02026
Manufactured in the United States of America
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
The Toolemera Press edition
Joseph Moxon’sMechanick Exercises: Or,
The Doctrine Of Handy-Works
The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal SocietyReview: An Account of Three BooksPhilosophical Transactions1677-1678: Vol. 12, pp. 963-968
Mechanick Exercifes: Or, the Doctrine of Handy-Works. Began Jan. 1. Profecuted in two other Effays, February 1, and March 1, 1677. And intended to be continued monthly. by Jofeph Moxon, Hydrographer to the King.
The Author Undertaking, to fet down what is already known, being good; and not unlikely to give occaffion to others to confider of further Improvements in thefe Matters: it may not be thought improper, that the fame, once for all, be here reprefented.
The Author, as he faith in his Preface, having for many years been converfant in Handy-Works, efpecially Smithery, Founding, Drawing, Joynery, Turning, Engraving, Printing of Book and Pictures, making of Globes, Maps, Mathematical Inftruments; and being willing publickly to communicate his knowledg herein; hath in his firft Effay begun with Smithery, as comprehending with the Black-Smiths Trade, all other handy-crafts, ufing either forge or file, from the Anchor-Smith to the Watch-Maker: Which will be an Introduction to moft other handycrafts, as having a dependance upon this. And firft, he gives Account of the several Parts, Kinds and Ufes of the Smiths Forge, Anvil, Tongues, Hammer and Sledg, Vice, Hand-Vice, Pliars, Drill and Drill-Bow, Skrew-Plate and its Taps. Then of Forging and the feveral Heats to be given: Of brazing and foldering. The feveral forts of
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
Iron and their proper Ufes. And laftly, of Filing and the feveral forts of Files.
In the fecond Effay, of the making of Hinges, Locks and Keys: The manner of Riveting, making of Screws and Nuts. And particularly, of cutting Wormes upon great Screws.
In the Third Effay, of the making of Jacks, Bullet-molds, Twifting of Iron, Case-Hardening. Some Tools not before describ’ed. The feveral forts of Steel; the manner of foftening, hardning and tempering the fame.
LondonPrinted for John Martyn, Printer to the Royal Society. 1678
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The original for this digital facsimile of the 1703 edition is from my personal library. The binding is of an early 18th Century style and shows no signs of having been repaired or rebound. With the exception of a handful of plates which were loose and damp stained, this book is as intact as the day it was bound. Those plates that were too damaged for legible imaging have been reproduced from a very early 20th Century reprint of the 1703 edition.
The book as purchased showed considerable damp wrinkling and creasing throughout. Basic conservation entailed:
• Freezing the entire volume for one month in a vacuum sealed bag to prevent mold or mildew formation
• Vacuuming loose dust and dirt with a cloth covered vacuum nozzle
• Erasing modern smudges and dirt with a soft vinyl eraser• Pressing open creased page corners through humidification
and clamps
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
• Correcting page wrinkling by setting the entire volume in a book press for one month under very mild humidification
The covers and title page have been reproduced in full color. The body of the book has been reproduced in grayscale in order to improve contrast and legibility. Manual adjustment of contrast, brightness and level settings reduced the visual interference from creases, damp staining, finger prints and surface irregularities. Each page was cropped slightly to reduce edge fringing. The final PDF, with the exception of grayscale instead of color imaging, is as close as possible to the original.
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Reading 17th Century Literature
Reading early English literature is always a challenge. Not only can spellings change within a single page, grammar and usage can change seemingly without reason. Most troublesome to the modern reader is the use of the long ‘s’ or ‘f ‘. The ‘f ‘ is a remnant of a Roman cursive ‘s’. Here are some examples of what you may come across while reading early text:
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
Notes on Mechanick Exercises:Or, The Doctrine Of Handy-Works
Mechanick Exercises: Or the Doctrine of Handy-Works, was the first book published in England as a serial. Serialization of books was practiced in other countries as a means to make texts available to the less affluent as well as to entice readers to continue to purchase installments. Publishing was a chancy business. With the exception of books backed by a religious institution, most publishers had to raise funds on their own, or print on speculation.
The individual chapters of Mechanick Exercises were priced at 6 to 10 pence each, not a small sum, but yet affordable by the Mechanick, a term used to describe someone who made their living through their trade. The full set included chapters on smithing, joinery, carpentry, turning, bricklaying and the making of sundials. Twenty-six engraved plates provided a visual reference that continues to be referred to today when we speak of traditional tools and trades. The content was written in such as way as to introduce tradesmen to both the basics of various crafts as well as to provide direction in advanced techniques.
By 1703, Mechanick Exercises appears to have been published as a single volume. It is difficult to say with certainty whether volumes bearing this date were offered as intact sets or if the buyers purchased individual sections for binding. It was a common practice of the 17th and 18th Century publisher to produce a book as an unbound set of signatures (a signature is one set of folded pages. Signatures were sewn together to make up the completed book) . Buyers, be they booksellers or private customers, could then chose the type of binding best suited to their means and preferences.
Written by a tradesman, for tradesmen, Mechanick Exercises: Or, the Doctrine of Handy-Works, remains one of the most important English language works on craft. The typical book
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
of building and architecture of the period was written by architects or authors who may or may not ever have set hand to tool. Joseph Moxon wrote of what he knew from his personal experiences. Although we do not know with any certainty if he actually practiced all of the trades of which he wrote, it is clear that his training in the crafts of printing and scientific instrument making lent practical insight in the writing of Mechanick Exercises.
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
A brief biography of Joseph Moxon
Joseph Moxon (August 8, 1627 - February 15, 1691) is best known today for his two works: Mechanick Exercises: Or, The Doctrine of Handy-Works and for Mechanick Exercises On The Whole Art Of Printing. In his day, Moxon was famed for his skills as a maker of terrestrial and celestial globes, mathematical instruments, maps and charts. Through considerable personal effort, Moxon was appointed Hydrographer to the King. He was also the first tradesman to be accepted to the Royal Society. There are at least 60 titles to which he has been associated as a printer, publisher, translator or author. This was a considerable sum of accomplishments for a 17th Century tradesman.
Born to James Moxon, a printer who held to Puritan beliefs, Joseph traveled with his father to Holland where they were engaged in the printing of the then outlawed Puritan Bibles in English, primarily for the London trade. The supposition is that they left England as a direct result of the prevailing religious climate. Following the end of the First English Civil War (1651), Joseph and his father returned to England. Although Joseph and his elder brother James continued to print Puritan bibles in London, Joseph eventually left the family printing business.
In his preface to Mathematicks made Easie (1679), Moxon says it was “about thirty years ago when I firft began to apply myfelf to Mathematical Learning.” From this we assume that Moxon began his studies of mathematics in 1649, at the age of 23. It is not known under whom he studied, but it is clear that he did learn the complex mathematics and constructive skills necessary in the making of globes, spheres, maps and mathematical instruments. From 1653 on, this work comprised the bulk of his personal enterprise. While engaged in the making and selling of scientific instruments, Moxon published various titles in the mathematical sciences, of both his authorship as well as of others. His broad interests led to
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
a series of titles on astronomy and geography, significant developing sciences of the seventeenth century.
Two instances stand out in the life of Joseph Moxon. He sought admittance to the ranks of the Royal Society as well as the position of Hydrographer to the King (the maker of maps and globes of the bodies of water of the world). These goals far exceeded the social and political reaches of the average skilled tradesman. Moxon was, however, possessed of considerable personal ambition. As Hydrographer, his business in globes and maps could only prosper and expand. Yet in the eyes of the scientific community of his day he was a tradesman. In the pursuit of his trades as a publisher, printer and maker of globes, Moxon was relegated to a fairly low position in the hierarchy of the scientific community. The demarkation between those who worked with their hands and those who were scientists was rarely crossed.
Moxon moved within a fairly rarified circle of friends as a direct result of his expertise in mathematics. An early supporter of Moxon’s publishing endeavors was Robert Hooke. Hooke is known as the father of microscopy, for coining the word “cell” to describe the basic unit of life, for Hook’s Law of Elasticity, and for his works in astronomy, evolution and architecture. It is apparent from Hooke’s personal records that he met frequently with Moxon to review new publications. Hooke notes that, on December 31, 1677, he “Calld on Moxon, he read me his firft monthly exercife of fmithery...” to which reference is made to the Mechanick Exercises: Or the Doctrine of Handy-Works. Hooke purchased the first installment of the Mechanick Exercises for 6d (6 pence) on January 2, 1678. Moxon’s production of scientific instruments and the regular publication of tabular reference material further served to bring him into contact with the scientific community. His application to be appointed Hydrographer to the King was signed by no less than fourteen members of the Royal Society.
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
His next goal was to be appointed to the Royal Society, the preeminent scientific society in England. Admission to the Royal Society was the ultimate in personal recognition for any man of learning and ambition. Membership in this august body of scholars was typically restricted to those of proper birth and connection. Tradesmen and merchants had never before been admitted to the Royal Society. Despite the opposition from many members of the Society, Moxon persevered and was eventually admitted. He holds the distinction as the first tradesman to join the Royal Society.
Another goal was to be appointed Printer to the Society. Presumably, Moxon saw this appointment as an opportunity to further expand his printing and publishing trade. Little did he realize that, buried in the bylaws of the Society, the Printer was rated lower than the Society Clerk. Fortunately, Moxon lost out on the appointment. Unfortunately, Moxon took the rebuff very hard and ceased to attend Royal Society meetings.
Moxon retained his position as Hydrographer to the King until his death. He is buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral, London.
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© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
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© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
.,/ .,/
, I
Mechanick Exercifes: OR THE ~
D OCT R IN E '-~ ~ ...
OF .
i~~s HANDY-WORKS. ,t: ~ e>mttbtng 3Joinerp ~.
Applied to t1:0 Arts cf i \!I:orpelltrp l!i:urllrag 'l51ick aperp. .
To wbich is added
Mubanick Dyaf/i"g: Shewing how to draw a tnlC ~ Sua-DYillon any given Plane, however Scitua-tcd; only widl the help of a ftraight R:tl~r and
~ a pair of Comp4fll) and ,:!thout any ATi:hmai-, ~~ ,at t:a!ci,J1JI ion. ..
" ., . . €I)e ~l)itb Q.";bition • I~ .' f
BJ J 0 S E P H MOXON, Fellow of the } RaJ.,/ Saci,tJ, And H;dtographer to the /ate lOng .CIlarles.
. I:ONDON:
~ Printed for D~n. Mi,bvinttr and Tho. Leigh, at the Ruf~~ml Cm~m in St. Paurs-CbW'th.Tllrli. 1703.
· I
Mechanick Exercifes: OR THE
DOCTRINE OF '
HANDY-WORKS.
~ emftbin\J 310inerp
Applied to l1:c AnI cf llCarpenttp ~Utnil1!l 'l5licklilpetp,
To which is added ~
MUbanick Dy"Oing: Shewing how to draw a true Sml-DYli lon any given Plane, however SCitua. ted; only wid1 the help of a ftraight R:lltr and a pair of Comp;1jJlI, and l-vjthout any ,Nahma;-,.11 t:a!,:d~fiop. ..
'. '. 'ltl)e 'ltl)itb ceDition, ," .,-
BJ JOSEPH MOXON, Fellow of th, Roy" S.';"} , And Hydrograp!.er to th, lat, IOng ,Oarles,
LON DON:
Printed for Dm. MiJ,v;nttr and Tho. Leigh, at the RUf~t:nJ Cr~'Wn jnSt. Paufs-Cplfl'tb.'1ard. 1703.
\ © 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
Mechanick Exercifes: OR THE
DOCTRINE OF '
HANDY-WORKS.
~ emftbinll' 310inerp
Applied to li;c Artl cf Ili:arpentcp t/l:urnilm 'l5/icklilperp.
To which is added
MUbanick. DyaOing: Shewing how to draw a true Sllll-DYlilon any given Plane, however scitua. tcd; only widl the help of a ftraight Ruftr and a pair of Comp4fll, and without any ,Nahma;-e"t t:4!,':d:J1 jim. ..~
'.
." ,. BJ JOSEPH MOXON, Fellow of th,
Roy ttl SocittJ', and Hjdrographer to the !lIlt
lOng CIlarles.
LON DON:
Printed for D:.m. Mhllv;nttr and Tho. Leigh, at the RUf~t:1ul CrPlJJn in St. Paurs-Chlll'tb.7Ard. 1703.
\
Mechanick Exercifes: OR THE
DOCTRINE OF '
HANDY-WORKS.
~ emftbinll' 310inerp
Applied to li;c Artl cf Ili:arpentcp t/l:urnilm 'l5/icklilperp.
To which is added
MUbanick. DyaOing: Shewing how to draw a true Sllll-DYlilon any given Plane, however scitua. tcd; only widl the help of a ftraight Ruftr and a pair of Comp4fll, and without any ,Nahma;-e"t t:4!,':d:J1 jim. ..~
'.
." ,. BJ JOSEPH MOXON, Fellow of th,
Roy ttl SocittJ', and Hjdrographer to the !lIlt
lOng CIlarles.
LON DON:
Printed for D:.m. Mhllv;nttr and Tho. Leigh, at the RUf~t:1ul CrPlJJn in St. Paurs-Chlll'tb.7Ard. 1703.
\
"
"
PR
EF
AC
E.I
\
"
I See
110
more
fJ?.!
afln,
why
the
Sord
idne
ft ,
of/o
me
JPor
k11lm
, fo
ould
be
the ~
aufo
' .. ,
of co
ntem
pt u
pon
Man
ualQ
pera
tlons
,..
than
t/J.'%
t th
e ex
celle
nt
In1J
entio
n o
f a
Mill
/h
ould
be d
ifpis'
d, b
ecmi
fe a M
ind B
orfe
draw
$. ill
it.
And
tl)(/
the
Mec
hani
cks
be,
by
fom~,
ae,c
ount
ed T
gnob
le an
d Sc
anda
lous
'? ye
t it
is ve
ry w
ell K
nown
, th
at m
any
Gen
tlem
en in
tl
~i,s N
atio
n, o
f gQo
d (}(
ank
mzd
hig
h (k
ality
, ~,
.e
C01l
1m!a
nt i
ll l-I
andy
-Wor
ks:
And
o·
t/;er
'N.
4tio
llS 'e
xcee
d 'us
ill
num
bers
of (u
cb.,
Flow
ple
(lfan
t and
bea
lthey
this
the
ir V
iver
fio
n is,
tiJe
ir Almd
~ tZn
d,:Ba
dies
find;
and
/;O
lP
Barm
!efs
ctnd H
onef
t, 41
1Job
er m
en m
ay ju
dge?
Th
at G
eom
etry
, A
fhol
lorn
y, P
e,r
fpeC
tive,
N
lufic
k,
Nav
igar
i0p,
Arc
hi
teC
ture
, &
c. 4
re e
xcel
lent
Sci
ence
s, al
l tba
b.
All'fn
vbut
t be
ir 17
flJ.
.~~t
mes
will
conf
efs:
Yet
, .
to w
hat p
ll.rpo
fe lvo
1dd ~e
om~t
ry fe
r1Jt!
;, ,ve
re
it no
t to
cont
rive
t;Rule
s for
Handy-Works
.~ O
r ho
w co
uld
Afh
onom
y be
1<!10
1lm t
o an
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rIeato
n; h
tit t
) Inf
lrum
ents ma
'd~ by
Band~
) .
A;
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hat
,.
PREFACE.! ~ , I See no more ~afln, why the Sordidneft " of/ome JVork11len, foou.Ld be tIle ,caufo ,. ' of contempt upon ManualOperatlons~ than tlJ,u the excellent 1111Jention of a Mill fhould be difpi/ d, becClufe' a .blind Borfe draws ill it. .lnd tbo~ the Mechanicks be, by flm~, accounted TgnoMe and Scalldalous'~ Jet it is wry well Known, elJat many Gentlemen ilJ
tllis Nation, of good rJ\..ank 41ld high (kttlity, {fre c01flm/ant ill Handy-Works: And o~ .tlier 'l'l..4tio11S exceed 'us ilJ numhers of (ucfJ. Flow pleaJant and "eal~l;ey this their 1)iver}ian is, their ]I/[mds alldtBodies find; and how Harm!efs 4nd HO~left) allJober men ~dy judge?
That Geor1Jetry, Afhonomy, Perfpeaive~ Mufick, Navigatiop, ArchiteCture, &c. 4fC excellent Sciences, Cf.ll t-pat-. ~1£(JJ!J hut t beir )JeOr ·fJ~tmes lvill confefs: re~ to what pItrpOfe ,vou!d ~eotn~t:ry !erlJe; ,vere it llOt to contrive fREde s for Hand y~ W orks ~ Or l.loW could Aflronomy be i<!lolvn to any perfeCtion; hIlt t) Jnflruments ma'd~ by Hand~ ;
l\ ; fP'l.1at
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
,-
PREFACE.! , , I See no more ~afln, why the Sordidneft . of/ome JVorkmen, foou.ld be tIle ,caufo ,.' of contempt upon ManualOperatlons~ than tlJ,u the excellent 1111Jention of a Mill fhould be difpi/ d, becClufe' a .blind Borfe draws ill it. .lnd tbo~ the Mechanicks be, by flm~, accounted Tgnoble and Scalldalous'~ Jet it is wry well Known, tlJat many Gentlemen ilJ
t/Jis Nation, of good rJ\..anK 41Zd high (kdlity, {fre c01Z1m/ant ill Handy-Works: And o~ .trey 'l'l..4tio11S exceed 'us iIJ numbers of (ucfJ. Flow pleafant and healt1;ey this their 1)iver}ian is, their ]I/[mds alldtBodies find; and how Barm!efs 4nd Honeft) allJober men "taJ judge?
Tbat Geor1Jetry, Afhonomy, PerfpeCl:ive, Mufick, Navigatiop, Archi-teCture, &c. 4fC excellent Sciences, all tbat-. . ' ~1£(1J!J hut t beir )JeOr ·fJ~tmes :vill confefs: re~ · ,,' ~ .. to what pItrpOfe ,votdd ~eotn~t:ry !erlJe; zoere it llOt to contriW r:R~de s for Hand y~ W orks ~ Or l.loW could Afironomy be i<!lolvn to an} perfeCtion; hIlt t) Jnflruments mad~ by Hand~
l\ ; fP'l.1at
frltnr ---- --------~~-
,-
PREFACE.! , , I See no more ~afln, why the Sordidneft . of/ome JVorkmen, foou.ld be tIle ,caufo ,.' of contempt upon ManualOperatlons~ than tlJ,u the excellent 1111Jention of a Mill fhould be difpi/ d, becClufe' a .blind Borfe draws ill it. .lnd tbo~ the Mechanicks be, by flm~, accounted Tgnoble and Scalldalous'~ Jet it is wry well Known, tlJat many Gentlemen ilJ
t/Jis Nation, of good rJ\..anK 41Zd high (kdlity, {fre c01Z1m/ant ill Handy-Works: And o~ .trey 'l'l..4tio11S exceed 'us iIJ numbers of (ucfJ. Flow pleafant and healt1;ey this their 1)iver}ian is, their ]I/[mds alldtBodies find; and how Barm!efs 4nd Honeft) allJober men "taJ judge?
Tbat Geor1Jetry, Afhonomy, PerfpeCl:ive, Mufick, Navigatiop, Archi-teCture, &c. 4fC excellent Sciences, all tbat-. . ' ~1£(1J!J hut t beir )JeOr ·fJ~tmes :vill confefs: re~ · ,,' ~ .. to what pItrpOfe ,votdd ~eotn~t:ry !erlJe; zoere it llOt to contriW r:R~de s for Hand y~ W orks ~ Or l.loW could Afironomy be i<!lolvn to an} perfeCtion; hIlt t) Jnflruments mad~ by Hand~
l\ ; fP'l.1at
frltnr ---- --------~~-
.( I)
ME
,CH
AN
ICI( 'B
XE
l1\.(ISE5
:
OR
, T
he.boctrine of Handy.1jl"arkj.' /
. ."'"
j
I of S MIT
H I N
· G in
Genera!;
Dej,nti()ll~ ..
S " !vi ri HI N
G is
an Art-M
anual, "J which, an irregular
Lu
m! (or fe'Ver~1
L~mp
s) of
Imi} is w
rought mto an intended Shape. .
'\. .
This D
efinition, 'needs no Ex~anation; .
-therefore I /hall proce~ed to
give youa~ .
Accoun~ of the
. Tools a
· Sm
ith .ufes; not but !h
at (~hey being fo comm
on) I fuppofe yo~ dq already know
them
; but partly becaufe they
may require fom
e precaution in fetting them
up fitteft to
your ufe; and pardy be.caufe it ~e~
. hoves )X~u .to know
the Nam~s, ~ml~hs ,c,all t~~ feveral parts of them
by
; that when I nam
e-rhem
in
Smith's L
anguage (as I fhall oft have bcca': ~on to~o in
ihef,(f Exercifcs) you m
~y the c~iiic~
underftand them,. as you read them
.
. . O
f {etti1tg up " Sinith;s Forge~ .
rJ?HE
IJearth, or F
ire-place 9f the F01'ge m
ark': .. L
ed
A.
(in plate I.)' is to be D
uilt up froni four fIoo! \V
ith .BricRab~ut two foot ~nd an h~l£j
9f fom
etlmes tw
o foot mn
e Inches hlgh,accord~n~ .~~ .the purpore ~,oudertgI.1 you(k'orgeforj f~F 1,( y. ou~ ,.z:0~ge .De m
tended fo~ he~vy' work; Y.?ur..
ll'l}rrh iIiUit be low
er th~ri it need be for l~g~t
. A
w
orJtj
,~
(1)
MEC 'HANICl( :EXE~C.lSES :, , OR,
, .. : '
, '
-~!--~--------------.". , Of S MIT H IN G in Genera!;
Dejtlftio.1J;
S'" AtilT HI N G ii an Att~Manual, "y which. an irregular Lump (or fe'V~r(lt L~mps) ()[
. ' , Iron-J is wrought into an intended Shape. , ,:' .. 'I1fiis Definition, 'needs no Ex¢amition;. ~
, : . ~herefore 'I !hall proce~e? to give you .a~ ' Account of the Tools a Smith ufes; not but that (they being' fo common) I fuppore yo~ d~ already know' them; but partly becauie they may require forne precaution in" fetting theni up firieit; 'to YOQrufe; and partly becaufe it be.;;
. hoves l.tlu }o'kn<?\y the Nam~s, ~mi~hs ,c,all t~~ feveral parts of~tliem by; that when I name-them in Smith's Language (as I lhall oft have od::a.: fion to~o in thefe Exe;c;{cs) you may thecafier underibnd them, as YOil read them. -
• ' , 1 Of jeUi11g up a Smith;s Forge~ . ;-:-;PH, E Hearth, or Fice, ,-place of the Forge iri,ar.k~ ", ~ , ed A. (in Plate I.) ' is to be built up ' from lour floor with ·BricK a~o~t two foot and an half, 9r fometimes two foot ;nine Inches high,accocd..: ~n~t? ,thepurpore ~'oudefigJl youi,-,:orgeforJ f?f U:you~ :r:()~ge .tle Intended fo~ heavy' w,ork, y;?,ur. lI.u]rtb matt lie lower th~n It need be for l1g~t
, , A , worJJ:i
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
, " "
UsC'HANzel( EXEr}{C.ZSES :
OR,
Tbe~t;ochine of HanJy .. 1;Vorkj.'
Of S MIT H IN G in Generll!~ ·
Dej'/!'tio.1t.~
S'" A-hTHING ii an Art~Manual, "y which. an irregular Lump (or jever(lt L~mps) of
, , Iron} , is wrought into an intended Shape., ' " .. This Definition, 'needs no Ex!'1amition; ~
, ' . therefore 'I !hall proc~ed to give you ,a~ , Account of the Tools a Smith ufes; not but that (they being fo comnion) I fuppofe you d~ already know' them; but partly becauie they may require fome precaution in fetting theni up fitte;ft to yourufe; and pardy becaufe it be,;;
-hoves IRu to' know the Nam~s, .~mi~hs ,c,all t~~ feveral parts of,them by; that when I name-them in Smith's Language (as I lhall oft have bc;Ca~ fion tofto in thefe ExerCifcs) you may thecafier underftand them, as you read them.
~ ,' , Of jeUi11g up a Smith;s Forge~ .
T' . ,HE Hear!h, or Fire, -t:1ace of the !'orge mar.k~ . , ed A. (1n Plate I.) ' 15 to be bUllt up ' from ,our floor with ·1;Jrick about two foot and an hiilf, 9r fometimes two foot 'nine Inches high,accord.: ~n~t? ,thepurpore ~'oudefigJl youi.forgeforJ fof u: you~ .Z:0~ge .lje Intended fo~ heavy' w,ork, Y.?.u~ lI.u]rtb iImit lie lower th;an It need be for l1gl)t
, , A work;
, " "
UsC'HANzel( EXEr}{C.ZSES :
OR,
Tbe~t;ochine of HanJy .. 1;Vorkj.'
Of S MIT H IN G in Generll!~ ·
Dej'/!'tio.1t.~
S'" A-hTHING ii an Art~Manual, "y which. an irregular Lump (or jever(lt L~mps) of
, , Iron} , is wrought into an intended Shape., ' " .. This Definition, 'needs no Ex!'1amition; ~
, ' . therefore 'I !hall proc~ed to give you ,a~ , Account of the Tools a Smith ufes; not but that (they being fo comnion) I fuppofe you d~ already know' them; but partly becauie they may require fome precaution in fetting theni up fitte;ft to yourufe; and pardy becaufe it be,;;
-hoves IRu to' know the Nam~s, .~mi~hs ,c,all t~~ feveral parts of,them by; that when I name-them in Smith's Language (as I lhall oft have bc;Ca~ fion tofto in thefe ExerCifcs) you may thecafier underftand them, as you read them.
~ ,' , Of jeUi11g up a Smith;s Forge~ .
T' . ,HE Hear!h, or Fire, -t:1ace of the !'orge mar.k~ . , ed A. (1n Plate I.) ' 15 to be bUllt up ' from ,our floor with ·1;Jrick about two foot and an hiilf, 9r fometimes two foot 'nine Inches high,accord.: ~n~t? ,thepurpore ~'oudefigJl youi.forgeforJ fof u: you~ .Z:0~ge .lje Intended fo~ heavy' w,ork, Y.?.u~ lI.u]rtb iImit lie lower th;an It need be for l1gl)t
, , A work;
.' \ .
cr)·
'L:J
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~'"
. ..
/'
."
. ,
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. ,
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
~ . . . .. . . - -. ... . .
.', I
. , ~ . . . .. . . - -. ... . .
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~
" . .
, M
EC
HA
NIC
K
EX
ER
CIS
ES
;
'OR
,
The
, Doc
trine
of Handj-Wor~
-Ihe
A
rt o
j J 0
I N
E R
y~
. D
efin
ition
.
,
0 IN
E R
Y,
;s a
;, A
r' M
anN
"!,
whe
reby
flv
e.
ral P
iece
s of. W
oo~
are
{o f
itteJ
."d
join
'd to
ge
ther
b1
Str
aIgh
t. lI
ne,
Squa
res,
Mit
ers
or a
7lJ
. B
evel
, th
at th
ey (b
all J
eem
one i
ntir
e Pu
ce.
Expl
anat
ion;
B
y St
raig
bt-L
ines
I
mea
n th
at w
hich
in
Joy,
.' ne
r's
Lan
guag
e is
caU
'd a
Join
t,
Th
at i
s,
tWo
Piec
es o
f W
oo
d a
re S
hot
(th
at i
s F
Jain
ed,)
or
./
; elf
e th
ey a
re P
areq
, th
at i
s,
the
irre
gula
riti
es
that
hin
der
the
dofi
ng o
f th
e tw
o Pi
eces
are
cit
t of
f w
ith
a. P
airi
ng·c
kiif
el.
Th
ey a
re S
hot
or
Par
ed (
as I
faid
) 10
exa
ctly
ftr
aigh
t; t
hat
whe
n th
ey a
re f
et u
pon
one
anot
her,
lig
ht i
hall
no
t be
difc
erno
d be
twjx
t th
em.
Th
is th
ey c
all
Sho
ot
ing
of
a Jo
int,
o
r P
arin
g to
a J
oint
, be
cauf
e th
efe
two
. Pie
ces
aret
wit
h G
lew
com
mon
ly j
oIn'
d to
geth
er, ~ither t
o m
ake
a B
oard
bro
ad e
noug
h fo
r th
eir
purp
ofe,
o
r to
iI. C
lam
p on
e pi
ece
of
Woo
d to
the
end
of
anot
her
piec
e o
f W
cod
to
keep
it fr
om C
aftin
g o
r W
a1J>
ing.
By
, }{ECHANICK EXERCISES;
bit,
The Doctrine of Handj-Wor~
~he Art of J 0 I N E R Y.
> Definition.
,. 0 IN E R Y, ;s 118 Art Man""l., wbefe'7 flve-· ral Pieces of Wood are fo fitteJ .na join d toge-• they b1 Straight-line, Squares, Miters or 111IJ · Bevel, that they (ball Jeem tme jlltire Piece.
Explanlltion, By SIraigbt.Lines I mean that which in Joy .. '
, ner's Language is calrd a Joint, That is, tWo Pieces of Wood are Shot (that is FJained,) or ,,'
• eire they are Pared, that is, the irregularities that hinder the doting of the two Pieces are cUt off \V ith a I'air~g ·ckilfel. They ~re Shot or Pared (as I raid) (0 exaCtly ftraight, that when they are fet upon one another, light ihall not be difcerri'd betwixt them. This they call Shooting of a Joint, or ' Paring to a Joint, becaufe there two , Pieces are (with Glew commonly join'd
'· iogether, either to make a Board broad enough ' for their purpofe, or to a. Camp 'one piece of WoOd to the end of aJlother piece of Wood to keep it from Cafting or Warying. '
> , ., ~.
By
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
, }{ECHANICK EXERCISES;
bIt,
The Doctrine of Handj-Wor~
~he Art of J 0 I N E R Y.
, Definition. J" 0 IN E R Y, is an Art Mantla/., wbe1e'7 flve, ral Pieces of Wood are fo fitteJ .na join d toge
ther b1 Straight-line, Squares, Miters or II", , Bevel, tbat they (ball jeem one jntire Piece.
Explanation, By SIra;gbt.Lines I mean that which in Joy .. '
ner's Language is calrd a Joint, That is, tWo Pieces of Wood are Shot (that is FJained,) or. '
' eIfe they are Pared, that is, the irregularities that hinder the doting of the two Pieces are cUt off with a Pairing·csiifel. They are Shot or Pared (as I faid) (0 exaCtly ftraight; that when they are fet upon one another, light thall not be difcerri'd betwixt them. This they call Shooting of a Joint, or Paring to a Joint, becaufe thefe two Pieces are,..with Glew commonly join'd together, c;ither to make a Board broad enough
' for their purpofe, or to a. Oamp one piece of Wood to the end of aJlother piece of Wood to keep it from Cafting or Warying. '
By
, }{ECHANICK EXERCISES;
bIt,
The Doctrine of Handj-Wor~
~he Art of J 0 I N E R Y.
, Definition. J" 0 IN E R Y, is an Art Mantla/., wbe1e'7 flve, ral Pieces of Wood are fo fitteJ .na join d toge
ther b1 Straight-line, Squares, Miters or II", , Bevel, tbat they (ball jeem one jntire Piece.
Explanation, By SIra;gbt.Lines I mean that which in Joy .. '
ner's Language is calrd a Joint, That is, tWo Pieces of Wood are Shot (that is FJained,) or. '
' eIfe they are Pared, that is, the irregularities that hinder the doting of the two Pieces are cUt off with a Pairing·csiifel. They are Shot or Pared (as I faid) (0 exaCtly ftraight; that when they are fet upon one another, light thall not be difcerri'd betwixt them. This they call Shooting of a Joint, or Paring to a Joint, becaufe thefe two Pieces are,..with Glew commonly join'd together, c;ither to make a Board broad enough
' for their purpofe, or to a. Oamp one piece of Wood to the end of aJlother piece of Wood to keep it from Cafting or Warying. '
By
ii&
It 5~
' .
1111
II1II1
II111
1111
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~I
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I .
I'
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© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
~ no5-. lilmillmilllllllrn~_
.~ ,
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( 1
17
) 1
-.
"""
ME
CH
AN
ICK
E
XE
RC
ISE
S;
r ,
OR
,
The
Doc
trine
of Ha
ndy-
Wor~
App
lied
to th
e A
R T
of
Hou
fe-C
arpe
ntry
;
'BEING
now c
ome
to e
xerc
ife
upon
'the
C
arpc
nter
s T
rade
, it
may
be
exp
eded
,by
fo
me,
th
qt I
fuo
uld
lllfi
ft
upon
Arc
bi-
, te
Efur
e J it
bei
ng f
o ab
folu
tely
ne
cefE
iry
for
Bui
lder
s to
be
acqu
aint
ed w
ith:
But
my
An
[wer
to .t
hem
is,
th
at t
here
are
fo
man
y B
ooks
of
Ar~b
jte£
fure
ext
ant,
and
in th
em t
he R
ules
fo wel1~
, fo
cop
iouH
y, a
nd f
ocom
plea
tly
hand
led,
tll
at it
is
need
lefs
for
me
to fa
y an
y th
ing
of
that
Sci
ence
: N
or
do I
thin
k an
y M
an t
hat
Iho
uld,
can
do
mor
e th
an C
olle
Ct
out o
f the
ir B
ooks
, an
d pe
rhap
s de
~ li
ver
thei
r M
eani
ngs
in h
is o
wn
Wox
:ds.
Bet
ides
, A
rchi
teliu
re is
a M
athe
mfl
tical
Sci
ence
, an
d th
ere
fore
di
ffer
ent
from
m
y pr
efen
t U
nder
taki
ngs,
w
nich
are
(a
s by
my Ti
~le)
M
echa
pkk Ex
er~
dfes
: y
et b
ecau
fe B
ooks
of
Arc
hite
Ctu
re a
re' a
s ne
c,e1
farv
for
a B
ilild
er t
o u
nder
ftan
d, a
s th
e uf
~ o
f T
oo
ls;
and
left
fo
rne
Bui
lder
s fh
ould
not
kn
ow
how
to
enqu
ire
for
them
, I
thal
l at
tn~
la
tter
end
o
f C
arpe
ntry
'g
ive
'you
the
Nam
es o
f fa
me
Aut
hors
, ef
peci
ally
fu
ch a
s ar
e P
rint
ed in
th
e E
nglip
, T
ongu
e.
. .
Som
e m
ay p
erha
,ps
alfo
thi
nk i
t .ha
d be
ep m
ore
. pr
oper
for
mc.
in t
hefe
Exe
rcife
s t9
hav
e im
rodu
· Qe
ct.C
tslp
entr
y be
fore
Joi
nery
, be
cauf
e N
ec;c
ffity
, (t
he
Mot
her
of
Inye
mio
n )
did
doub
tlefS
com
pel
" H
3
OU
f I
( 117) 1
F
MECHANICK EXERCISES; r
OR,
The Dotl:rine of Handy-Work.!
Applied to the ART of HOllfe-Carpentry.
BEING now come to exercife upon 'the CarpQ'N/trJ Trade, it may be expeded,by fame, thqt I Ihould infift upon Arcbt
. , teBure, it being fo abfolutely necefl11ry for Builders ' to be acquainted with: But my An[w~r to them is, that there are fa many Books of ArchiteElureextant, and in them the Rules fa well~ " fa copiouRy, and focompleatly handled, tbat it is needlefs for me to fay any thing of that Science: Nor do I think any Man that Ihould, can do more "than CoHea out of their Books, and perhaps de-liver their Meanings in his own Words. Belides, Ar&hiteilure is a Math~mfltical Science, and therefore differ~nt from my prefent Undertakings, which ;:ire (as by my Tide) MechaIiick Exer.,. dfes : yet becaufe Books of Architecture are' as nec:efiarv for a Builder to underftand, as the ufe of Tools ; and left ; (orne Builders Ihould not know how to enquire for them, I fhall at tn~ latter end of Carpentr, "give "yoq the Names of 'fome Authors, efpecially fuch as are Printed in the Englip, Tongue. . .
Some may l)erha.ps alfo think it ~ad beep. more proper for me in thefe Exercifes tphave.introdu· ~e.t C~IPentrJ before Joinery, becaufe Neceffity, (t1)e "Mother of Invemion ) did doubtlcB compel " H 3 OUf
/
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
( 117) 1
F
MECHANICK EXERCISES; r
OR,
The Dotl:rine of Handy-Work.!
Applied to the ART of HOllfe-Carpentry. 'BEING now come to exercife upon 'the CarpenttrJ Trade, it may be expeded,by fame, thqt I Ihould infift upon Arcbt-
, teBure, it being fo abfolutely necefl11ry for Builders ' to be acquainted with: But my An[w~r to them is, that there are fa many Books of ArchiteElureextant, and in them the Rules fa well~ , fa copiouRy, and focompleatly handled, tbat it is needlefs for me to fay any thing of that Science: Nor do I think any Man that Ihould, can do more than CoHea out of their Books, and perhaps deliver their Meanings in his own Words. Belides, A"hite{Jure is a Math~m~tical Science, and therefore different from my prefent Undertakings, which ;:ire (as by my Tide) Mechap:ick Exer.,. dfes : yet becaufe Books of Architecture are' as nec:efiarv for a Builder to underftand, as the ufe of Tools ; and left , (orne Builders Ihould not know how to enquire for them, I fhall at tn~ latter end of Carpentr, 'give 'you the Names of fome Authors, efpecially fuch as are Printed in the Englip, Tongue. . .
Some may l)erha.ps alfo think it ~ad beep. more proper for me in thefe Exercifcs t9 .have introdu· ~e.( C~IIPe"trJ before Joinery, becaufe Neceffity, (t1)e 'Mother of Invemion ) did doubtlefs compel " H 3 OUf
/
( 117) 1
F
MECHANICK EXERCISES; r
OR,
The Dotl:rine of Handy-Work.!
Applied to the ART of HOllfe-Carpentry. 'BEING now come to exercife upon 'the CarpenttrJ Trade, it may be expeded,by fame, thqt I Ihould infift upon Arcbt-
, teBure, it being fo abfolutely necefl11ry for Builders ' to be acquainted with: But my An[w~r to them is, that there are fa many Books of ArchiteElureextant, and in them the Rules fa well~ , fa copiouRy, and focompleatly handled, tbat it is needlefs for me to fay any thing of that Science: Nor do I think any Man that Ihould, can do more than CoHea out of their Books, and perhaps deliver their Meanings in his own Words. Belides, A"hite{Jure is a Math~m~tical Science, and therefore different from my prefent Undertakings, which ;:ire (as by my Tide) Mechap:ick Exer.,. dfes : yet becaufe Books of Architecture are' as nec:efiarv for a Builder to underftand, as the ufe of Tools ; and left , (orne Builders Ihould not know how to enquire for them, I fhall at tn~ latter end of Carpentr, 'give 'you the Names of fome Authors, efpecially fuch as are Printed in the Englip, Tongue. . .
Some may l)erha.ps alfo think it ~ad beep. more proper for me in thefe Exercifcs t9 .have introdu· ~e.( C~IIPe"trJ before Joinery, becaufe Neceffity, (t1)e 'Mother of Invemion ) did doubtlefs compel " H 3 OUf
/
D
~.
(J.
-:1
lJ
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
ME
CJI
AN
ICK
EX
ER
CIS
ES
: O
R,
The
Dof
rrin
e of
l/f
mdy
.Wor
ks.
As
by
plac
ing
one
Foo
t o
f a
pair
of
. C
ompa
ffes
.on
a Pl
ane,
an
d m
ovin
g a-
, bo
ut t
he o
ther
Foo
t or
poi
'nt,
defc
rib e
s on
th
at P
lane
a
Cir
cle
wit
h th
e m
ovi
ng p
oint
; fo
:ln
y Su
bfra
nce,
be
it
Woo
d, I
vory
, Br
aJs,
&c.
pi
tcht
fre
ddy
upon
tw
o po
ints
(as
on
an
Axi
s) a
nd m
oved
abo
ut o
n th
at' A
xis,
a~.
fa
def
crib
es
a C
ircl
e C
oncc
ntri
ck t
o th
e A
xis
: A
pct(;
ln E
dge-
Too
l fe
t H
eddy
to
that
par
t o
f the
ou
tfid
e o
f th
e af
oref
aid
Subf
ranc
e th
at is
nea
reft
th
e A
xis,
will
in, a
Cir
cum
volu
tion
of
that
Sub
fi
ance
, cu
t of
f al
l th
e pa
rts
of S
ubfr
ance
tha
t lie
s fa
rthe
r of
f th
e A
xis,
and
mak
e th
e ou
tfid
e of
tha
t Su
bfra
nce
alfo
Con
cent
rick
to
the
Axi
s.
Thi
s is
a b
nef
Col
leai
on,
and
inde
ed t
he w
hole
S
um o
f Tu
r;tin
g.
Now
, as
th
ere
is d
iffe
rent
M
atte
r, "
or S
up ..
nanc
e, t
o be
T"
rned
, io
ther
e is
al
fo d
ifferen~
Way
s, a
nd d
iffe
rent
Too
ls t
o be
ufe
d in
TlIr
ni1s
g ea
~h d
ifte
rent
Mat
ter,
M~
Tho
l
MEC ,HANICK EXERCISES: . 0 R, I
The Doarine of IfaHdy-Works •
. Applied to the ART of TU R NI NG.
Of Turning.
A s by placing one Foot ,of a pair of . . Compaffes on a Plane, aM moving a-
. . ,bout the other Foot or point, defcribes on that Plane a Circle with the mo
ving point; fo :lny Subftance, be it Wood) Ivo,y, Brafi, &c. pitcht fteddy upon two points (as on an . Axis) and moved about on that Axis, a~~ fo defcribes a Circle Conccntrick to the Axis: Anci"";ln Edge-Tool fet Heddy to that part of the outfideof the aforefaid Subftance that is neareft the Axis, will . in, a Circumvolution of that Subfiance, cu~ off all the parts of Subftance that lies farther off the Axis, and make the outfide of that SubfUnce alfo Concentrick to the Axis, This is a bri~[ ColleElion, a~d indeed the whole Sum of Turnzng. k.,
Now, as there,is different Matter, or Sup .. . ttance, to be TUrned, fo there is alfo diflerent
Ways, and different Tools to be ured in 11mzi1S/$ ~ar;.~ dif!:erent Matter. < •
Tho
.-.
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
MEC ,HANICK EXERCISES: . 0 R,
The Doarine of IfaHdy-Works.
Applied to the ART of TU R NI NG.
Of Turning.
A s by placing one Foot of a pair of . . Compaffes on a Plane, and moving a-
. . ,bout the other Foot or point, defcribes on that Plane a Circle with the mo
ving point; fo :lny Subftance, be it Wood, Ivo,y, Brafi, &c. pitcht fteddy upon two points (as on an . Axis) and moved about on that Axis, a~~ fo defcribes a Circle Conccntrick to the Axis: Anci~;ln Edge-Tool fet !teddy to that part of the outfideof the aforefaid Subftance that is neareft the Axis, will in, a Circumvolution of that Sub. fiance, cut off all the parts of Subftance that lies farther off the Axis, and make the outfide of that Subfbnce alfo Concentrick to the Axis, This is a brief ColleEiion, and indeed the whole Sum of TuJiiing. '.
Now, as there is different Matter, or Sup .. . -nance, to be TUrneil, fo there is alfo diflerent
Ways, and different Tools to be ured in TJlyni1sg ~l~ll different Matter,
M4 Tho . \
MEC ,HANICK EXERCISES: . 0 R,
The Doarine of IfaHdy-Works.
Applied to the ART of TU R NI NG.
Of Turning.
A s by placing one Foot of a pair of . . Compaffes on a Plane, and moving a-
. . ,bout the other Foot or point, defcribes on that Plane a Circle with the mo
ving point; fo :lny Subftance, be it Wood, Ivo,y, Brafi, &c. pitcht fteddy upon two points (as on an . Axis) and moved about on that Axis, a~~ fo defcribes a Circle Conccntrick to the Axis: Anci~;ln Edge-Tool fet !teddy to that part of the outfideof the aforefaid Subftance that is neareft the Axis, will in, a Circumvolution of that Sub. fiance, cut off all the parts of Subftance that lies farther off the Axis, and make the outfide of that Subfbnce alfo Concentrick to the Axis, This is a brief ColleEiion, and indeed the whole Sum of TuJiiing. '.
Now, as there is different Matter, or Sup .. . -nance, to be TUrneil, fo there is alfo diflerent
Ways, and different Tools to be ured in TJlyni1sg ~l~ll different Matter,
M4 Tho . \
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
.. ---------------~----~~-----
MB
CH
AN
ICK
EX
ER
CIS
ES
: O
R,
The
DoC
trine
of
H,,,
J,.W
,,&.
App
lied
tQ th
e A
RT
of
Bric
kl"J
ers ~OI'k.
-
Def
initi
on.
BRi
Ckl
aJer
,.IYo
rk is
an
.Art
Ma"Jta~
",bi
eh
. Joi
", fe
vera
l Bo
dies
Jo to
getb
er,
that
tbe]
. ~
adbe
re li
ke o
ne e
ntire
Bol
y.
. W
heth
er th
e 1I
'bite
Maf
on,
whi
ch
is .
th
e H
ayer
of S
tone
, or
the
Rei!
MaJ
on,
whi
ch i
s th
e H
ewer
of B
rick,
be
the
mof
t Anc
ient
, I k
now
no
t:
but i
n H
oly
Wri
t, w
e re
ad o
f mak
ing
of
Bric
ks,
Wor
e w
e re
ad o
f D
iggi
ng
or H
ewin
g o
f St
ones
; th
etef
ore
we
mayfup~ofe th
e Re
I. M
aron
(o
r Bri
ckla
yer)
to
be th
e m
olt A
ncie
.t.
( .
The
met
hod
that
I {h
aU u
fe in
, Tre
atin
g of
this
A
rt ili
all b
e th
is.
. F
irjl,
I w
ill f
uew
w
hat M
ater
ials
th
ey u
fe,
and
thei
r C
ompo
fitio
n.
Seco
ndly
, I
will
tre
at o
f th
eir
Too
ls,
and
de
fcri
be th
eir
Nam
es a
nd U
fes.
Thi
rdly
; I
will
dec
lare
thei
r M
etho
d o
f Wor
k·
ing,
bot
h 'in
Bric
ks,
Tile
s, &:
c. .
-
...
41i I
---------~~~~----~-------
MBCHA.NICK BXBRaISBS: OR,
The DoClrine of H."tt,.W"h.
Applied to the ART of Bricklaps' ~orl.
Definition.
BRiCHaJerS.1YOf'k is an .An Manual, JPbic1j . Joins fe'l!eral Bodi~ fo t.ogetber, tbat tbey . - . adhere lzke one entzn Boiy. 0
Whether the 1Pbite Mafon, which is ' the Hewer of Stone, or the Red Mafon, which i$ the HeWer of Brick, be the molt AncieJJ.t, I know
• not: but in Holy Writ, we read of making of Bricks, before we read of Digging or Hewing
. of Ston~; therefore we may 0 fup~ore the Rel , Maron (or Bricklayer) to be the molt Ancie.t.
o The method that I fha}l ufe in Treating of this Art thall be this.
0
FirJl, I will fhew what Materials they ufe, and their Compofition.
Secondly, I will treat of their Tools, and defcribe their Names and Ufes.
Thiydly, I will declare their Method ofW~rk· ing, both in Bri,k~, Til~s> &:e. . -.
AnJ.
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
-----------~--------~-------•
MBCHA.NICK BJCBRaIS!S: OR,
The Doeaine of H."tt,.W"h.
Applied to the ART of Bricklayers ~orl.
Definition.
BRic1ilaJers.1YOf'k is an .An Manual, JPbic1j , Joins fe'l!eral Bodi~ fo together, tbat tbey
- adhere lzke one entzn Boiy. 0
Whether the 1Pbite Mafon, which is 0
the Hewer of Stone, or the Red Mafon, which is the HeWer of Brick, be the molt AncieJl,t, I know
• not: but in Holy Writ, we read of making of Bricks, before we read of Digging or Hewing
. of Ston~; therefore we may 0 fup~ore the Rel Maron (or Bricklayer) to be the molt Ancie.t.
o The method that I !hall ufe in Treating of this Art thall be this.
0
FirJl, I will !hew what Materials they ufe, and their Compofition.
Secondly, I will treat of their Tools, and defcribe their Names and Ufes.
Tbiydly, I will declare their Method ofW~rk· ing) both in Bricks, Tiles) &:e. . -
I AnJ. ',,", ' ..
, . .
-----------~--------~-------•
MBCHA.NICK BJCBRaIS!S: OR,
The Doeaine of H."tt,.W"h.
Applied to the ART of Bricklayers ~orl.
Definition.
BRic1ilaJers.1YOf'k is an .An Manual, JPbic1j , Joins fe'l!eral Bodi~ fo together, tbat tbey
- adhere lzke one entzn Boiy. 0
Whether the 1Pbite Mafon, which is 0
the Hewer of Stone, or the Red Mafon, which is the HeWer of Brick, be the molt AncieJl,t, I know
• not: but in Holy Writ, we read of making of Bricks, before we read of Digging or Hewing
. of Ston~; therefore we may 0 fup~ore the Rel Maron (or Bricklayer) to be the molt Ancie.t.
o The method that I !hall ufe in Treating of this Art thall be this.
0
FirJl, I will !hew what Materials they ufe, and their Compofition.
Secondly, I will treat of their Tools, and defcribe their Names and Ufes.
Tbiydly, I will declare their Method ofW~rk· ing) both in Bricks, Tiles) &:e. . -
I AnJ. ',,", ' ..
, . .
~----::
r
'"::~ __
I I'
.'
1
i "
3.
, I ;
j,
!fr'
J -'-.~
'-."
'
1 . ___
b 111111/11111. U 1111 n IIIlk ...
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
1- _
b I) 11111) 1111. U /111 n IIIlJI: ...
1- _
b I) 11111) 1111. U /111 n IIIlJI: ...
Mechanick D
yaUing:·
TE
AC
HIN
G
Any M
an, tho' of an O
rdinary Ca~ pacity and unlearned ~n
. the Ma~
thematicks, -
. T
o D
raw a T
rue
SU
N-D
YA
U
ON
A
NY
-GIV
EN
PL
AN
E,
How
ever Scituated :
. Only w
ith. the help of a frraight RttJe and a pair-of CompAJJes; and w
ithout any Arith-
I
metical C
alculation.
€b
t lourtl) <ebition.
By JO
SE
PH
M
OX
ON
, FelloJv o
f the RO
Jal Socifty, and H
ydrograplger to the late, .
I(jng Charles.
" L
ON
DO
N:
printed for Tho Leigh and D
an. Midw
inter, at the R
ofcanJC
rown inS
t. Paufs-C
hur,h·Tard, .1703.
Mechanick DyaUing: TEACHING
Any l'vIan, tho' of an Ordinary Ca~ pacity and unlearned ~n. the Ma~ thematicks, - .1
To Draw a True I. SUN-DYAU
ON ANY
· GIVEN PLANE, However Scituated :
Only with the help of a fhaight Rttle and a · pair of CompaJJes; and without any Arith
metical Calculation.
--------------------------~l.
, " .~ .', '. '
. By JOSEPH MOXON, Fe!l(}w of the · Royal Socifty, and Hydrograp1ger to t~e late
l(jng Charles. , .
LON DON:
printed for Tho., Leigh and Dan. Midwinter, at the Rofe anti Crown inSc. P aufs--Chu,,h·lard, 1703.
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
Mechanick DyaUing: TEACHING
Any l'vIan, tho' of an Ordinary Ca~ pacity and unlearned ~n. the Ma~ thematicks, - .1
To Draw a True
SUN-DYAU ON ANY
. GIVEN PLANE, However Scituated :
Only with the help of a fhaight Rttle and a pair of CompaJJes; and without any Arithmetical Calculation.
€be fOUtt1) <lebition. .. J~. I
By JOSEPH MOXON, Fellow of the ROJal Socifty, and Hydrograp1ger to the late l(jng Charles.
LON DON:
printed for Tho. Leigh and Dan. Midwinter, at the Rofe anti Crown inSc. P aufs--Chemh-lard,1703.
Mechanick DyaUing: TEACHING
Any l'vIan, tho' of an Ordinary Ca~ pacity and unlearned ~n. the Ma~ thematicks, - .1
To Draw a True
SUN-DYAU ON ANY
. GIVEN PLANE, However Scituated :
Only with the help of a fhaight Rttle and a pair of CompaJJes; and without any Arithmetical Calculation.
€be fOUtt1) <lebition. .. J~. I
By JOSEPH MOXON, Fellow of the ROJal Socifty, and Hydrograp1ger to the late l(jng Charles.
LON DON:
printed for Tho. Leigh and Dan. Midwinter, at the Rofe anti Crown inSc. P aufs--Chemh-lard,1703.
( 307 )
\)
1
-~-~----~--
__
__
__
__
___
__
_
~)
I -
• I
Mechanick D
yaUin 0
, ~~----
-----~------------~--~-----
De{criptirm
Of DyaU
lng.
DY
allingOriginallY
is a Mathem
atical SCi
ence, attained
by the _ Philofophical
-contem
Plation o
f the M
otion of the
Sun, the Motion o
f the 'Shadow, the
Conftitution
of
the Sphere;
the Scituation
of
Planes~ and the Confideratiort of L
ineS.
Explanlltion.
T ' H
E M
otion of th~ Stin
'is reguIer, it moving
in equal Space in equal Tim
e; But the M
oon of the Shadow
irregular, in all parts o
f the E
arth, unlefs under the two Poles, and that m
ore o
r lefs according to the Conftitution o
f the Sphfr~ and
.Scituation of the Plane.
And therefore Scien
tifick Dyalifts by
' the Geom
etrick Confiderations
of L
ines; have found out Rules, to
mark out the
irregular Motion o
f the S haJo11J in all Latitudes, and on all Planes,
to Com
ply with the regular M
otion o
f the Sun. And there R
ules of adjufting the
Motion o
f the Shadow to
the Motiop o
f the Sun, m
ay be called Scientifick DyalJing.
But though w
e may juftly account D
yaOing ori
ginall y a Science, yet fhch ha ve been the Generolity
of m
any of its ftudious C
ontemplators, th\at they
l1ave comm
unicated their' acquired Rllles; \y
hereby it is now
become to
many o
f the Ingenious no m
ore difficult than an Art, and by m
any late Au-
U
2. th
an
--'
, '
~-----~~ ) ,\
.:..:..-----....-------~--_:~ II
Mechanick DyaUirtg"~ I
"
Defcriptim of Dyal1ing. DYalling originally is a Ma,thematic/lISci';' ence, attained by the Philofopbical contemplation of the Motion of the Sun, the Motion of the Shadow, the
Conftitution of the Sphere; the Scituation of Plalles~ and the Coniideration of Lines.
Exp1anlltion.
T' HE Motion of, th~ Stin is reguIer, it moving , in equal Space in equal Time; But the Moon Of the Shadow irregular, in all parts of the Earth, unlefs under the two Poles, and that more or lefs according t6 the Conftitution of theSph,r~ andScituation of the Plane. And therefore Scientifick Dyalifts by' the Geometrick Confiderations of Lines, have found Out Rules, to mark out the irregular Motion of the S haJo'JIJ in all Latitudes, and on all PlaneJ, to Comply with the regular Motion of the Sun. And there Rules of adjufting the Motion of the Shadow to the Motiqn of the Sun, may be called Scientifick DyaOing.
But though we may juftly account DJaOing ori. ginallya Science, yet fuch have been the Generolity of many of its ftudious Contemplators, th,at they have communicated their' acquired Rilles; \vhere. by it is now become to many of the Ingenious no more difficult than an Art; and by many late Au~
U 2: thor~
© 2009 Gary Roberts www.toolemera.com
, .
, i __ ----__ _ ____ ' •• 'j' ,I .... ·~s __ ~
....:..--------- - ------"> "II
Mechanicle DyaUirJg~ , ~~--' --------------~--.------------
Defcriptim of Dyal1ing. DYalling originally is a Mathematica!Sci';' ence, attained by the Philofopbical contemplation of the Motion of the Sun, the Motion of the Shadow, the
Conftitution of the Sphere; the Scituation of Plalles~ and the Coniideration of Lines.
Exp1anlltion.
T' HE Motion of, th~ Stin is reguIer, it moving in equal Space in equal Time; But the Mo
on Of the Shadow irregular, in all parts of the Earth, unlefs under the two Poles, and that more or lefs according t6 the Conftitution of theSph,r~ andScituation of the Plane. And therefore Scientifick Dyalifts by' the Geometrick Confiderations of Lines, have found Out Rules, to mark out the irregular Motion of the S haJo'JIJ in all Latitudes, and on all PlaneJ, to Comply with the regular Motion of the Sun. And there Rules of adjufting the Motion of the Shadow to the Motiqn of the Sun, may be called Scientifick DyaOing.
But though we may juftly account DJaOing ori. ginallya Science, yet fuch have been the Generolity of many of its ftudious Contemplators, th\at they have communicated their acquired Rules; \vhere. by it is now become to many of the Ingenious no more difficult than an Art; and by many late Au~
U 2 than
, .
, i __ ----__ _ ____ ' •• 'j' ,I .... ·~s __ ~
....:..--------- - ------"> "II
Mechanicle DyaUirJg~ , ~~--' --------------~--.------------
Defcriptim of Dyal1ing. DYalling originally is a Mathematica!Sci';' ence, attained by the Philofopbical contemplation of the Motion of the Sun, the Motion of the Shadow, the
Conftitution of the Sphere; the Scituation of Plalles~ and the Coniideration of Lines.
Exp1anlltion.
T' HE Motion of, th~ Stin is reguIer, it moving in equal Space in equal Time; But the Mo
on Of the Shadow irregular, in all parts of the Earth, unlefs under the two Poles, and that more or lefs according t6 the Conftitution of theSph,r~ andScituation of the Plane. And therefore Scientifick Dyalifts by' the Geometrick Confiderations of Lines, have found Out Rules, to mark out the irregular Motion of the S haJo'JIJ in all Latitudes, and on all PlaneJ, to Comply with the regular Motion of the Sun. And there Rules of adjufting the Motion of the Shadow to the Motiqn of the Sun, may be called Scientifick DyaOing.
But though we may juftly account DJaOing ori. ginallya Science, yet fuch have been the Generolity of many of its ftudious Contemplators, th\at they have communicated their acquired Rules; \vhere. by it is now become to many of the Ingenious no more difficult than an Art; and by many late Au~
U 2 than