mechanical properties of laminated glass
TRANSCRIPT
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Mechanical Properties ofLaminated Glass: FEM Study
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About Saflex
Saflex, a unit of Solutia Inc., is the worlds
largest manufacturer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB)interlayers for laminated glass.
For more than 80 years, Saflex has been
providing real-world solutions for every glazing
challenge collaborating with architects,
engineers and fabricators to meet the most
demanding glazing designs.
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Markets - Automotive
Saflex protective interlayers are the worldsleading brand of laminated glazing interlayersand can be found in nearly 50% of automobilesworldwide.
Saflex protective interlayers are used
commercially by vehicle manufacturers inwindshields, side windows, rear windows andpanoramic roof applications.
Benefits from automotive laminated glass madewith Saflex include: interior noise reduction,weight reduction, security, safety and enhancedcolor.
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Markets - Architectural
Recognized as the worlds leading brand of PVB
interlayers, Saflex interlayers are used incommercial and residential applications.
Saflex interlayers can resist hurricane-force
winds and wind-borne debris, plus provideadditional safety, solar, security and soundcontrol advantages.
The Vanceva color system by Saflex provideslimitless color possibilities for innovative glazingdesign.
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Saflexs speakers
Grard SavineauArchitectural Application Manager for Saflex Europe/Africa
Associated with Saflex for more than 30 years, and guestspeaker of GPD since 1995
Mr. Savineau will be presenting:
Mechanical properties of laminated glass,
FEM study
During the Glass in Architecture Use of Laminated Glass
(Monday June 18th)
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Mechanical Properties ofLaminated Glass: FEM Study
Authors:
Solutia Europe S.A./N.V.
Paper prepared by Pol dHaene
Presented by Grard Savineau
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Outline
Introduction
Rheological Model
Deformation Study
Results Conclusions
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Introduction
Predict the deformation of laminated
safety glass based on different PVBinterlayers under different loads/boundaryconditions and at different temperatures.
Solutia FEM: ABAQUS Program Experimental data generated by TNO
Comparison between the experiments(TNO) and the software simulations fromSolutia & DuPont
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Rheological Model
Establish a mathematical description for
the mechanical properties of the interlayer Dynamic rheological experiments from 0C
to 80C Definition of a mastercurve by shifting the
dynamic moduli at 20C (time-temperature
superposition principle)
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Standard Saflex PVB
Master Curve
frequency (rad/sec)
10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
G',G''(Pa)
104
105
106
107
108
109
Storage modulus G'
Loss modulus G''
reference temperature = 20C
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Rheological Model
Transformation of the mastercurve into a
relaxation curve (Ninomiya and Ferry) Comparison of the calculated relaxation
curve with the visco-elastic model for PVBpublished by DuPont (S.J. Bennisons
model)
Solutias model slightly different from
Bennisons model.
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Relaxation Curve for
Standard Saflex PVB Interlayer
Relaxation time (s)
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
G(t)
105
106
107
108
109
experimental data
bennison model
fitted relaxation curve
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Shift Factor
Meaningfulness Express the degree of shifting required to
correlate the dynamic moduli at anytemperature to the moduli at the reference
temperature
Used to calculate the mechanical
properties of PVB at temperatures
deviating from the reference temperature
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Shift Factor of Standard PVB Interlayer
as a Function of Temperature
Temperature (C)
0 20 40 60 80 100
shiftfactor
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
10010
1
102
103
104
105
experimental data
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Deformation Study
Experimental set-up (TNO)
Solutia Model: Element type for the viscoelastic layer:
C3D8IH element Element type for the glass: C3D8I element or
a continuous shell element
Amount of elements per layer ~900
Temperature range: 5 to 40C
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Experimental Set-up
Simple 4-side support
Pressure load representing
the weight of laminate
Additional force (200 N)
applied to the surface
in middle of laminate
1.25 m
1.25 m
44.2 Configuration
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Results
Central Laminate Deflection at 5C
Time (sec)
0 1000 2000 3000
Middlepointdeformation(mm)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Solutia model - 5C
Dupont 5C
lam A 5C
lam B - 5C
lam C - 5C
construction: 3.9 mm glass/0.76 mm PVB/ 3.9 mm glassload= during 5 first seconds deformation is due to own weight
after 5 sec.: 200 N force is applied in middle of the laminate
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Results
Central Laminate Deflection at 10C
Time (sec)
0 1000 2000 3000
Middlepointdeformation(mm)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
solutia model - temp=10C
10C Dupont model
10C lam A
10C lam B
10C lam C
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Results
Central Laminate Deflection at 20C
Time (sec)
0 1000 2000 3000
Mid
dlepointdeforma
tion(mm)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
solutia model - 20C
dupont model 20Clam A 20C
lam B 20C
lam C 20C
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Results
Central Laminate Deflection at 40C
Time (sec)
0 1000 2000 3000
Middlepointdeform
ation(mm)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Solutia model - 40C
Dupont 40C
lam A - 40Clam B - 40C
lam C - 40C
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5C
20C
40C
Tensile Stresses in the Central Cart of the
Laminate as a Function of Temperature
(data after 1 hour
under stress)
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Results
Mid Plane Deflection for 2-sidesSupported Laminate (temperature = 20C)
Time (sec)
0 1000 2000 3000
Middlepointdeformation
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.04.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.58.0
prediction based on Solutia m odel
lam A
lam B
lam C
construction: 3.9 mm glass/0.76 mm PV B/ 3.9 mm glassload= during 5 first seconds deformation is due to ow n weight
after 5 sec.: 200 N force is applied in middle of the laminatelaminate is only supported on two sides
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Results
Effect of windload duration on the panel deflection
Time (sec)
0 20 40 60
Middlepointdeformation
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
wind velocity = 120 km/h - 3 sec
120 km/h - 10 sec
120 km/h - 60 sec
deform. in case of 7.8 mm glass paneldeform. in case of a 8.56 mm glass panel
laminate=3.9 mm glass/0.76 mm PVB/3.9 mm glass
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Results
Recovery of the Laminate Deflection Over Time
Time (sec)
0 100 200 300 400 500
Middlepointdefo
rmation
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
120 km/h - 60 sec
Recovery
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Results
Mid point deflection at 20C
Time (sec)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Middlepoint
deformation
0
5
10
15
20
25
30standard PVB-20C
RM-20CDN G
VSO-2-20C
7.8 mm glass
twice 3.9 mm glass
size of laminate = 3 m x 2 m
temperature = 20C
applied pressure = 1000 Pa
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Results
Mid point deflection at 30C.
Time (sec)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Middlepointde
formation
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
standard PVB 30C
RM-30C
VSO2-30C
7.8 mm glass
size of laminate = 3 m x 2 m
temperature = 30C
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ResultsMid point deflection at 40C
Time (sec)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Middlepoin
tdeformation
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
standard
VSO2RM
size of laminate = 3 m x 2 m
temperature=40C
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Results
Mid point deflection at 50C
Time (sec)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Middlepointdeformation
0
2
4
68
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
standard
RM
VSO2
7.8 mm glass
twice 3.9 mm glass
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Results
Glass Strength factor
Difficult to define a single value because itdepends on The temperature
The duration of the load (short term or long term)
The viscoelastic properties of the interlayer (Tg)
The relative thickness of the interlayer
The center deformation of standard laminated
glass is larger than the deformation of amonolithic glass of the same thickness butalways smaller than the deformation of thedecoupled glass.
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Conclusions
FEM (ABAQUS) was developed by Solutia topredict the deformation of laminated glass.
Predicted values (FEM) fit with experimentaldata (TNO)
Degree of correlation depends on the
rheological model but in general a good matchwas observed
Solutias FEM allows to calculate the Glass
Strength Factor for laminated glass The bending stiffness of laminate remains higher
than the fully decoupled glass panels
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Thanks for your attentionQuestions?
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