Mechanical Energy StorageMechanical Energy Storage

Guided by: - Presented by: - Mr.S.K. Choudhary DINESH SAHU

Lecturer B.E. (VI semester)

0133ME081015

CONTENTCONTENT

• INTRODUCTION• TYPES OF STORAGE• FUNCTION OF STORAGE

• INTRODUCTION• TYPES OF STORAGE• FUNCTION OF STORAGE

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

• Energy storage is accomplished by devices or physical media that store some form of energy to perform some useful operation at a later time. A device that stores energy is sometimes called an accumulator

• Storing energy allows humans to balance the supply and demand of energy. Energy storage systems in commercial use today can be broadly categorized as mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological and thermal.

• Energy storage is accomplished by devices or physical media that store some form of energy to perform some useful operation at a later time. A device that stores energy is sometimes called an accumulator

• Storing energy allows humans to balance the supply and demand of energy. Energy storage systems in commercial use today can be broadly categorized as mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological and thermal.

Three Types of Storage

Three Types of Storage

• Pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS)

• Compressed air energy storage (CAES)

• Flywheels

• Pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS)

• Compressed air energy storage (CAES)

• Flywheels

Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS)

Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS)

• Used for load balancing of energy

• Water is pumped up in elevation during time of low demand

• Water flows back down during times of high demand

• Turbines recapture the energy.

• Used for load balancing of energy

• Water is pumped up in elevation during time of low demand

• Water flows back down during times of high demand

• Turbines recapture the energy.

Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS)

Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS)

• 70-85% of electrical energy is recovered

• Energy loss due to evaporation and Pump/generator inefficiency

• Currently the most cost effective way to store large amounts of electricity

• Low energy density calls for large bodies of water

• Never used in portable technology

• 1000 kg at 100 ft = .272 kWh

• 70-85% of electrical energy is recovered

• Energy loss due to evaporation and Pump/generator inefficiency

• Currently the most cost effective way to store large amounts of electricity

• Low energy density calls for large bodies of water

• Never used in portable technology

• 1000 kg at 100 ft = .272 kWh

Pumps: On the GridPumps: On the Grid

• The Us has 19.5 gigawatts capacity

• 2.5% of baseload• Technology is in use

world wide• Hundreds of plants

around the world• Man made reservoirs

as well as natural reservoirs

• The Us has 19.5 gigawatts capacity

• 2.5% of baseload• Technology is in use

world wide• Hundreds of plants

around the world• Man made reservoirs

as well as natural reservoirs

Future Of PHS Future Of PHS

• This energy storage can be used to level the grid for renewable energy

• Wind power and solar power are not constantly on

• Using salt mines to increase energy density

• This energy storage can be used to level the grid for renewable energy

• Wind power and solar power are not constantly on

• Using salt mines to increase energy density

Compressed air energy storage (CAES)

Compressed air energy storage (CAES)

• Large tank is buried underground

• During times of low demand electricity compresses air

• During times of peak demand compressed air is heated and released

• Large tank is buried underground

• During times of low demand electricity compresses air

• During times of peak demand compressed air is heated and released

http://www.sandia.gov/media/NewsRel/NR2001/norton.htm

Types Of CAES Types Of CAES

• Adiabatic storage• Heat from compression is captured and stored in a solid or liquid

• Hot Oil 3000C• Molten Salt 6000C• Heat is reincorporated during release

• Close to 100% efficiency

• No utility scale plants

• Adiabatic storage• Heat from compression is captured and stored in a solid or liquid

• Hot Oil 3000C• Molten Salt 6000C• Heat is reincorporated during release

• Close to 100% efficiency

• No utility scale plants

• Diabatic storage• Heat is lost through cooling

• Natural gas is burned to reheat compressed air

• Very inefficient 38-68%

• Uses 1/2 gas of an all gas plant

• Diabatic storage• Heat is lost through cooling

• Natural gas is burned to reheat compressed air

• Very inefficient 38-68%

• Uses 1/2 gas of an all gas plant

More about CAES More about CAES

• Can use sandstone layer to hold compressed air

• USA has good ground for this type of storage

• Can be used to level load from wind and solar

• 200-300 MW Plants

• Can use sandstone layer to hold compressed air

• USA has good ground for this type of storage

• Can be used to level load from wind and solar

• 200-300 MW Plants

Compressed air in Cars

Compressed air in Cars

• Zero pollution Motors • Stores air at around

300atm• Under 35 mph it is zero

emissions• Over 35 mph uses

combustion engine to compress air

• Runs on many different types of fuel

• 1 air tank + 8 gal gas= 848 miles

• Zero pollution Motors • Stores air at around

300atm• Under 35 mph it is zero

emissions• Over 35 mph uses

combustion engine to compress air

• Runs on many different types of fuel

• 1 air tank + 8 gal gas= 848 miles

Fueling/RefuelingFueling/Refueling

• Flex engine runs off of gas, diesel, alcohol, possibly even vegetable oil

• Refueling air tank at refuel station about 3 minutes

• Home refuel unit takes 4 hours, electrical cost $2

• 3 cents per mile

• Flex engine runs off of gas, diesel, alcohol, possibly even vegetable oil

• Refueling air tank at refuel station about 3 minutes

• Home refuel unit takes 4 hours, electrical cost $2

• 3 cents per mile

Future of Air Vehicles

Future of Air Vehicles

• Flowair- release in 2010

• First needs to pass US safety ratings

• 6 seats• 106 mpg• 800-1000 mile range• Top speed 96 mph• $17500

• Flowair- release in 2010

• First needs to pass US safety ratings

• 6 seats• 106 mpg• 800-1000 mile range• Top speed 96 mph• $17500

FlywheelsFlywheels

• Captures energy in a rotating Mass

• Flywheel is charged using electric motor

• Electric generator extracts energy

• Captures energy in a rotating Mass

• Flywheel is charged using electric motor

• Electric generator extracts energy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:G2_front2.jpg#filehistory

Operation Of Flywheel

Operation Of Flywheel

• Energy held in Spinning Rotor (Steel or Carbon composite)

• Steel rotors can spin at several thousand rpm

• Carbon composite spin up to 60k rpm

• Kinetic Energy 1/2mv2

• Energy held in Spinning Rotor (Steel or Carbon composite)

• Steel rotors can spin at several thousand rpm

• Carbon composite spin up to 60k rpm

• Kinetic Energy 1/2mv2

http://www.aretepower.us/images/Composite%20Flywheel%20Rotor.jpg

BearingsBearings

• Mechanical bearings not practical• Friction is directly proportional to speed

• Magnetic bearings used to minimize friction

• Rotor is suspended- state of levitation

• Operates in a Vacuum

• Mechanical bearings not practical• Friction is directly proportional to speed

• Magnetic bearings used to minimize friction

• Rotor is suspended- state of levitation

• Operates in a Vacuum

SuperconductorsSuperconductors

• New technology uses high temperature superconductors (HTSC)

• HTSC operate at -1960C or -3210F• Diamagnetism- creates a field of opposition to a magnetic field

• Hybrid systems use conventional magnets to levitate and superconductors to stabilize

• New technology uses high temperature superconductors (HTSC)

• HTSC operate at -1960C or -3210F• Diamagnetism- creates a field of opposition to a magnetic field

• Hybrid systems use conventional magnets to levitate and superconductors to stabilize

Energy StatsEnergy Stats

Composite Flywheel Li-ion Battery

Cycles 100,000 to 10 million

Around 1200

Energy Density 130 Wh/kg 160 Wh/kg

Capacity Range from 3 kWh to Max of 133 KWh

Equal to 13,825 18650 Li-ionOver 4 times what is used to power the Tesla

Charge Time 15 min Several Hours

Self discharge time

“0 run down time”- Years

10-20 months

Energy Exchange

Limited by generator

Limited by chemical process

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