MECHANICAL DESIGNERS' WORKBOOK

Bearings & Lubrication

Joseph E. Shigley Charles R. Mischke

Bearings and Lubrication

A Mechanical Designers* Workbook

Editors in Chief

Joseph E. Shigley Professor Emeritus

The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan

Charles R. Mischke Professor of Mechanical Engineering

Iowa State University Ames, Iowa

McGraw-Hill Publishing Company New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota

Caracas Hamburg Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Milan Montreal New Delhi Oklahoma City

Paris San Juan Säo Paulo Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto

CONTENTS

Contributors ix

Preface xi

1. Lubrication, by A. R. Lansdown 1

1-1 Functions and Types of Lubricant 2 1-2 Selection of Lubricant Type 3 1-3 Liquid Lubricants: Principles and Requirements 4 1-4 Lubricant Viscosity 7 1-5 Boundary Lubrication 13 1-6 Deterioration Problems 17 1-7 Selecting the Oil Type 21 1-8 Lubricating Greases 26 1-9 Solid Lubricants 32 1-10 Gas Lubrication 35 1-11 Lubricant Feed Systems 36 1-12 Lubricant Storage 39

REFERENCES 39

2. Gaskets and Seals, by Daniel E. Czernik and R. Bruce Hopkins 40

PART 1 GASKETS, by Daniel E. Czernik 41

2-1 Definition 41 2-2 Standard Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials 42 2-3 Gasket Properties, Test Methods, and Their Significance in Gasketed Joints 44 2-4 Permeability Properties 44 2-5 Load-Bearing Properties 49 2-6 Environmental Conditions 55 2-7 Gasket Design and Selection Procedure 56 2-8 Gasket Compression and Stress-Distribution Testing 70 2-9 Installation Specifications 71

PART 2 SEALS, by R. Bruce Hopkins 71

2-10 Elastomeric Seal Rings 71 2-11 Seals for Rotary Motion 76 2-12 Seals for Reciprocating Motion 82

REFERENCES 91

vii

VÜi CONTENTS

3. Rolling-Contact Bearings, by Charles R. Mischke 92 3-1 Introduction 94 3-2 Load-Life Relation for Constant Reliability 102 3-3 Survival Relation at Steady Load 104 3-4 Relating Load, Life, and Reliability Goal 105 3-5 Combined Radial and Thrust Loadings 110 3-6 Application Factors 110 3-7 Variable Loading 112 3-8 Misalignment 113

REFERENCES 115

4. Journal Bearings, by Theo G. Keith, Jr. 116 4-1 Introduction 119 4-2 Bearing and Journal Configurations 122 4-3 Bearing Materials and Selection Criteria 124 4-4 Pressure Equation for a Lubricating Film 134 4-5 Journal Bearing Performance 140 4-6 Liquid-Lubricated Journal Bearings 146 4-7 Gas-Lubricated Journal Bearings 178 4-8 Hydrostatic Journal Bearing Design 189

REFERENCES 193

Index 195