MECH 4692 / 7470MECH 4692 / 7470Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy

IntroductionIntroduction

John Woods, P. Eng.John Woods, P. Eng. B.Sc. EE 1983 University of ManitobaB.Sc. EE 1983 University of Manitoba M.Sc. EE 1986M.Sc. EE 1986U of MU of M PhD 1997 - ?PhD 1997 - ? U of MU of M KGS GroupKGS Group

330 People, 5 offices across Canada330 People, 5 offices across Canada Hydroelectricity, Floodway, Ethanol PlantHydroelectricity, Floodway, Ethanol Plant

Authors:

Hewitt Crane, Edwin Kinderman

Ripudaman Malhotra

Oxford University Press 2010www.oup/us/companion.websites/9780195325546

Cubic Mile of Oil =

4.164 x 1012 liters

26.2 x 109 Barrels

153 x 1015 Btu’s

Electrical Equivalent

Primary Energy Equivalent:

45 x 1012 kWh

End-use 15.3 x 1012 kWh

Hard coal: 5.10 x 1019 tons

153 x 1012 Cubic Feet of Natural Gas

Approximate world oil consumption in 2000

In 2006 grown to around 1.06 CMO

Terra Watt-hour 1000 GWh, 1,000,000 MWh

Primary Energy SourcesPrimary Energy Sources

Exh

ibit

2.3

Energy SourcesEnergy Sources

2006 Data

Exhibit 3.1

Total EnergyTotal Energy

2006 Data

World Energy ConsumptionWorld Energy Consumption

To: 2007

Exhibit 2.2

Distributed GenerationDistributed Generation

Author:

Gilbert Masters

Publisher:

Wiley-Interscience 2004

Incident

Solar

Radiation

INSOLATION

Solar Radiation @ SurfaceSolar Radiation @ Surface

Air Mass ratioAir Mass ratio

Seasons and Earth TiltSeasons and Earth Tilt

Larger Cycles are part of the equation:

100,000 year eccentricity

41,000 year obliquity

23,000 year precession

Solar Noon – Tilt AngleSolar Noon – Tilt Angle

Capturing the SunCapturing the Sun

Direct, Diffuse & ReflectedDirect, Diffuse & Reflected

CalculationsCalculations

SoftwareSoftware

Solar ProjectSolar Project

FIT and microFITFIT and microFIT

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A feed-in tariff (FiT, feed-in law, advanced A feed-in tariff (FiT, feed-in law, advanced

renewable tariff, or renewable energy renewable tariff, or renewable energy payments) is a policy mechanism payments) is a policy mechanism designed to encourage the adoption of designed to encourage the adoption of renewable energy sourcesrenewable energy sources

Ontario Government sponsored programOntario Government sponsored program Encourage RE business, eliminate coalEncourage RE business, eliminate coal

Ontario Government ProgramsOntario Government Programs

http://fit.powerauthority.on.ca

Energy CanadaLocal Hydro states:

“We offer Ontario's guaranteed lowest 5-year residential electricity rate at 7.15 cents per kilowatt hour”

http://www.canadaenergy.ca

Building AspectsBuilding Aspects

3 Story Office Building

Insolation Latitude 50Insolation Latitude 50Daily Clear-sky Insolation

50 degrees Latitude

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

kWh

/m^

2

South 50 degree

1-Axis tracking

2-Axis Trancking

South 20 degree

PV Building BlocksPV Building Blocks

SystemSystem

Electrical SystemElectrical System

PanelsPanels

CostCost

Software OutputSoftware Output

Economics 1Economics 1

Economics 2Economics 2

Qualifying PercentagesQualifying Percentages

Item Designated ActivityQualifying

Percentage

1 Silicon that has been used as input to solar photovoltaic cells manufactured in an Ontario refinery. 10

2 Silicon ingots and wafers, where silicon ingots have been cast in Ontario and wafers have been cut from the casting by a saw in Ontario.

12

3 The crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic cells, where their active photovoltaic layer(s) have been formed in Ontario.

10

4 Solar photovoltaic modules (i.e., panels), where the electrical connections between the solar cells have been made in Ontario, and the solar photovoltaic module materials have been encapsulated in Ontario.

13

5 Inverter, where the assembly, final wiring and testing has been done in Ontario. 9

6 Mounting system, where the structural components of the fixed or moving mounting system, have been entirely machined or formed or cast in Ontario. The metal for the structural components may not have been pre-machined outside Ontario other than peeling/roughing of the part for quality control purposes when it left the smelter or forge. The machining and assembly of the mounting system must entirely take place in Ontario (i.e. bending, welding, piercing, and bolting).

9

7 Wiring and electrical hardware that is not part of other designated activities (i.e., items 1 to 6 and 8 of this table), sourced from an Ontario supplier.

10

8 All on- and off-site labour and services. For greater certainty, this designated activity shall apply for all contract facilities.

27

 Total: 100