meat inspection in poultry
TRANSCRIPT
Inventory of Diseases Important for Meat Inspection in Poultry
Muhammad Adnan Ashraf Muhammad Usman Mazhar
Muhammad BaqirMuhammad Bilal
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Objectives
• To describe the PM lesions of poultry diseases having zoonotic and economic importance
• To prepare the addressee to diagnose the particular disease during poultry meat inspection
• To describe the sensitivity of the causative organism of the particular disease
• To describe the vulnerable species of poultry with respect to particular disease
• To decide the fate of judgement of the poultry carcass with respect to particular disease
• To ensure that consumers are getting the wholesome poultry meat
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Inventory of Viral Diseases of Poultry
• Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)• Newcastle Disease (Ranikhet)• Infectious Bursal Disease
(Gumboro)• Infectious Bronchitis• Infectious Laryngeotracheitis • Avian Pox (Fowl Pox)
• Avian Leukosis Complex– Lymphoid Leukosis– Erythroid Leukosis– Myeloid Leukosis– Endothelioma – Sarcoma – Marek’s Disease– Reticuloendotheliosis – Lymphoproliferation
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Avian Influenza (Fowl Plague)
• Affects domestic fowl although wild birds are natural reservoirs• Reportable disease with zoonotic importanceCausative Organism: Sensitivity:• Orthomyxovirus 56 ˚C for 60 minPM Findings:• Inflammation of conjunctivae, trachea and airsacs • Edema of the head with congestion, haemorrhages and
cyanosis of the combs and wattles• Petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages in serosal and
mucosal surfaces of heart and small intestineJudgement:
Totally condemned
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Avian Influenza (Fowl Plague)
Dark colored hemorrhages between two ceaca
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Newcastle Disease (Ranikhet)
• The most important disease of poultry with zoonotic importance• Disease affects chicken, turkeys, geese, ducks and pheasantsCausative Organism: Sensitivity:• Avulavirus 60 ˚C for 1
hourPM Findings:• Swelling of eyelids and conjunctivitis• Hemorrhage in the mucosa of the trachea (upper), large
intestine, particularly caecal tonsils • Edema of head and neck• Edematous or hemorrhagic ovariesJudgement:
Totally condemned
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Newcastle Disease (Ranikhet)
Swelling of lower eyelid and conjunctivitis
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Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro)
• Second most important disease of poultry (chicken)Causative Organism: Sensitivity:• Birnavirus 71 ˚C for 6 minPM Findings:• Petechial hemorrhages in the breast and thigh muscles• Bursa of Fabricius is at first enlarged, inflammed and cheesy
and after 4-8 days atrophies• Peripheral infarcts of liver with spleen enlargedJudgement:• If lesions are localized, it is partially condemned• If lesions are generalized, it is totally condemned
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Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro)
Bursa with decreasing size
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Marek’s Disease
• Usually the disease of chickenCausative Organism: Sensitivity:• Herpesvirus 60 ˚C for 3
hours PM Findings:• Skin neoplasia• Enlargement of sciatic and brachial nerves• Enlargement of feather follicles• Acute disease is manifested with tumours in the liver, spleen,
kidneys and brain Judgement:• Localized disease is partially condemned• Extensive visceral and skin disease is totally condemned
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Marek’s Disease
Neoplastic lesions in leg
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Inventory of Bacterial Diseases of Poultry
• Fowl Cholera (Pasteurellosis)• Salmonellosis
– Pullorum– Fowl Typhoid
• Tuberculosis • Pseudotuberculosis • Campylobacteriosis • Erysipelas • Paratyphoid• Arizona infection (Paracolon infection)
• Mycoplasmosis – Chronic Respiratory Disease– Airsacculitis– Infectious Sinusitis
• Clostridial Diseases– Gangreneous Dermatitis– Necrotic Enteritis
• Chalamydiosis – Ornithosis – Psittacosis
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Salmonellosis (Pullorum and Fowl Typhoid)
• Disease of poultry, ducks and turkeysCausative organism: Sensitivity:• Salmonella group 70 ˚C for 5 minPM Findings:• Multiple grey nodules in the heart, lung, liver and spleen,
gizzard and intestine• Swelling of tibiotarsal joint• Discolored follicles in the ovaryJudgement:
Totally condemned
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Salmonellosis (Pullorum)
Multiple grey nodules in the heart
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Fowl Cholera (Pasteurellosis)
• Mainly affects turkey and water fowlCausative Organism: Sensitivity: • Pasteurella multocida 60 ˚C for 2 minPM Findings:• Caseous exudate in wattles, sinuses, nasal turbinates and
joints• Petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages on the heart, serous
and mucous membranes • Darkened breast muscles are frequently noted • Liver has small grey areas of necrosisJudgement:• If disease is localized, affected parts are condemned• If there is septicemia, all of the carcass is condemned
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Fowl Cholera (Pasteurellosis)
Cheesy exudate in the Infraorbital Sinus
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Tuberculosis
• Disease affects poultry, turkeys, pheasants, pea fowl and guinea fowl
Causative Organism: Sensitivity:• Mycobacterium avium 62 ˚C for 30 minPM Findings:• Greyish white nodules of in the liver, spleen, and intestine • In advanced cases, TB nodules are found in the bone marrow • TB lesions are enucleated from the surrounding tissue • Mineralization is not present in the lesions Judgement:
Totally condemned
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Tuberculosis
Greyish white nodules in the liver
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Parasitic, Fungal and other Diseases of Poultry
Parasitic Diseases• Histomoniasis (Blackhead)• Hexamitiasis• Leukocytozoonosis • Coccidiosis
– Ceacal coccidiosis– Intestinal coccidiosis
Fungal Diseases• Aspergillosis• Favus (White Comb)• Moniliasis • Mycotoxicosis (Aflatoxicosis)
Miscelleneous Diseases• Ascites (Congestive Heart Failure)• Neoplasms • Oregon Disease• Overscald • Green Gizzard Syndrome
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Coccidiosis
• Disease affects chicken, domestic turkey, game birds, fowls and geese
Causative organism:• Eimeria groupPM Findings:• Fibrinous inflammation of the intestine • Whitish blood streaked faeces • Haemorrhagic enteritis • Intestinal distention, mucoid blood filled exudate Judgement:• Degree of approval depends upon degree of emaciation
and anemia
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Coccidiosis
Intestinal distention and mucoid blood filled exudate
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Histomoniasis
• Disease affects turkeys, specially the poultsCausative Organism:• Histomonas maleagridisPM Findings:• The ceca are characterized with a thickened wall, ulcerated
mucosa and caseous exudate • The liver lesions consist of circular yellow necrotic tissue
surrounded with white rings • If the caecal wall becomes perforated, inflammation of the
peritoneum is observed Judgement: • Liver and spleen are condemned• Septicemic carcass is totally condemned
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Histomoniasis
Circular yellow necrotic tissue surrounded with white rings
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References:
Books: • Gracey J. F. (1992) ‘Meat Hygiene’ 9th Edition• Vegad J. L. (2007) ‘A Color Atlas of Poultry Diseases’ 1st Edition,
Dehli: IBD Company
Websites:• http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0756e/T0756E08.htm
– Accessed on 29th Sep 2009• http://www.univet.hu/english/education/Departments/FoodHyg/Diseas
es%20of%20Poultry1b2.ppt#2– Accessed on 29th Sep 2009
• http://www.birdsnways.com/wisdom/ww25eiii.htm– Accessed on 30th Sep 2009
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/– Accessed on 30th Sep 2009