Measuring Matter

Key Idea #5Appropriate tools and measurements are used for describing the size of an object or the amount of a substance.

A Meter Stick/Metric Ruler is used to measure the distance between two points in

– Millimeters (.001 of a meter)– Centimeters (.01 of a meter)– Meters– Kilometers (1000 meters)

volume of a regular shaped object (length x width x height) in– cubic meters (m³)– cubic centimeters (cm³)

The photograph below shows the end of a meter stick at the 90 cm mark.

One meter = 100 centimeters (100 cm). One centimeter = 10 millimeters (10 mm). One meter = 1000 millimeters (1000 mm).

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Metric Conversion: See Packet Page 3

Metric conversions are done by moving the decimal point.

Example: 1cm = 10 mm – When converting centimeters to millimeters, the

decimal point is moved to the right one time (multiply by 10).

Example: 1 mm = .1 cm. – When converting from millimeters to centimeters the

decimal point is moved to the left one time (divide by 10).

History of Measurement

Measuring with Body Parts Digit – Width of finger Span – Pinky to thumb tip (hand spread out) Cubit – Elbow to the tip of the middle finger Hand – Width of the palm including the

thumb when it is closed against the palm.

Fathom – Finger tip to finger tip with outstretched arms

Pace – A full stride; from the position of the heel when you lift it to the position of the

same heel when you set it down.

The History of the Metric System

FYI: Meters, grams, and liters are called base units and form the basis for larger or smaller units. These units are named using prefixes: see p. 2

• Kilometer = 1000 meters• Decimeter = 1/10th of a meter (0.1)• Centimeter = 1/100th of a meter (0.01)• Millimeter = 1/1,000th of a meter (0.001)

• Kiloliter = 1000 liters• Deciliter = 1/10th of a liter (0.1)• Centiliter = 1/100th of a liter (0.01)• Milliliter = 1/1,000th of a liter (0.001)

• Kilogram = 1000 grams• Decigram = 1/10th of a gram (0.1)• Centigram = 1/100th of a gram (0.01)• Milligram = 1/1,000th of a gram (0.001)

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FYI: The table below shows the standard unit of length, weight, volume, and temperature in the metric system and the English equivalent.

  Metric English

Length meter 39.37 inches

Weight gram 0.03527 ounces

Volume liter 1.0567 quarts

Temperature degree (Celcius) 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit

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Review: A beaker is a wide, cylindrical

container with a pouring lip.

used for holding and mixing liquids.

not used for exact measurements.

chem.ucla.edu

Review: A graduated cylinder is a thin, cylindrical

container with a pouring lip.

used to measure the exact volume of a liquid in milliliters.

used to measure the volume of irregularly shaped objects.

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Review: A triple beam balance

is used to measure the mass of an object.– mass is how much matter or “stuff” is in the object – mass is constant wherever the object is

measures the mass of objects in: – milligrams (mg)– grams (g)

physics.smu.edu

Mass is

a measure of how much matter/stuff is in an object.

measured using a balance.

A scale is used to measure weight

(the pull of earth’s gravity).– weight changes if the force of

gravity on it changes

measures weight in: – pounds (lb) – ounce (oz) – kilograms (kg)– grams (g)

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Mass vs Weight: What’s the difference?

Mass vs Weight

Mass stays the same wherever the object is.

The amount of matter in you doesn’t change.

Your mass is the same on Earth as it is on the moon.

http://picses.eu/keyword/mass%20and%20weight/

Mass and weight are not the same thing.

If the force of gravity increases, then the weight of the object increases.

If the force of gravity decreases, then the weight of the object decreases.

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Your weight on the moon is 1/6 of your weight on Earth because the force of gravity on the moon is 1/6 of what it is on Earth.

Key Idea #6Objects can be compared in terms of mass, volume, and density.

What is the mass reading on the

balance?

mrsdlovesscience.com

The mass is 62.4 grams.

mrsdlovesscience.com

What’s Your Mass?Measurement Activity

Marvelous Mass Measurement Lab Problem/Question:

– Given four metal bars with the same volume, which bar will have the most mass – copper, aluminum, brass, or steel?

Research/Prior Knowledge:– What is the definition of mass?– What is the definition of volume?– What is each type of metal bar used for?

Hypothesis (Your guess):– The __________ metal bar will have the most mass

because __________________________________.

Materials 4 Metal bars of the same volume: copper,

aluminum, brass, and steel Triple Beam Balance Calculator Pencil (no pens) Graph paper Ruler Colored Pencils

Procedure: What will you do to conduct

this experiment? Step 1: Gather all materials

Step 2: Make sure the balance is zeroed out.

Step 3: Measure the mass of each metal bar to the nearest tenth of a gram and record it. Repeat two more times.

Step 4: Add the 3 trials for each bar and divide by 3 to determine the average (mean).

Create a Bar Graph: See page 158 in your book

Heading: upper right corner Title: Mass of Metal Bars Draw your X and Y axis. X-axis: Type of Metal Bars

– Record the names of each metal bar below the X-axis, evenly spaced, in the following order:

• Copper, aluminum, brass, steel Y-axis: Mass in Grams

– Create a scale starting with zero and using increments of 2. Create your bars

– For each category draw a solid bar using the scale on the y –

axis to determine the appropriate height. – Make all bars the same width and leave equal spaces between

them.

– Shade in your bars with different colors.

Analyze the data in your table and answer the following questions. 1. Using the average mass, rank the four metal bars

from least to greatest mass.

2. List any sources of error during your investigation that might have affected your results.

3. When analyzing data to see if your hypothesis is correct, would it be better to look at individual data or the average mass of each type of bar?

4. Explain your answer to question #3.

Conclusion: On a separate sheet of paper write a paragraph that includes the following information. Use complete sentences and proper punctuation.

The purpose of the experiment was………

According to my hypothesis I thought the _______ bar would have the most mass. According to the data my hypothesis was (pick one) right or wrong because……

Major findings: …… I got the results I did because ……

To measure rectangular/square objects: – Multiply: Length x

Width x Height • Tools used: meter

stick, metric ruler• unit x unit x unit =

unit³ = cm³ or m³

Volume

Object Length in cm

Width in cm

Height in cm

Volume in cm3

Balance box

Silver box

pH box

Science book

Metal bar

Object Length in cm

Width

in cm

Height in cm

Volume in cm3

Balance box

34.5 cm

34.5 cm

13.0 cm

12.5 cm

13.0 cm

12.5 cm

5830.5 cm3

5281.3 cm3

Silver box 14.6 cm 5.1 cm 2.7 cm 201 cm3

pH box 25.3 cm 6.8 cm 4.8 cm 825.79 cm3

Science book

28.3 cm 22.2 cm 1.0 cm 628.26 cm3

Metal bar 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm 7.2 cm3

To measure irregular-shaped objects– Measure the amount of

water displacement in milliliters-mL-and convert to cubic centimeters -cm³. • Liter, milliliter• 1mL = 1cm³• Tools used: graduated

cylinder, beaker, overflow cup

Volume

What is the volume of the liquid? To measure the volume you

record the liquid at it’s lowest point. – Note that the liquid has a

curved surface called a meniscus.

– Measure the meniscus at its lowest point.

A graduated cylinder is marked in milliliter divisions.

NOTE:– On this graduated cylinder

each mark represents two tenths of a milliliter (0.2).

aai.org

The volume of the liquid is:

aai.org

6.6 ml

Volume of Irregular ObjectsDraw the following table on the bottom of your Volume Activity handout:

Object Liquid Volume in milliliters (mL)

Volume of a solid irregular object in cubic centimeters

(cm³)

Density: The amount of mass of a substance in a given space. Relates the volume and mass of an object or substance. Density equals mass divided by volume To calculate density use the formula:

D = M / V Density = Mass / Volume Density of Liquids

– D(g/mL) = M(g) / V(mL)• g/mL = grams per milliliter

Density of solids– D(g/cm³) = M(g) / V(cm³)

• g/cm³ = grams per cubic centimeter

More dense stuff sinks under less dense stuff.

Density of water: – 1 g/mL or 1 g/cm³

Density of oil: – .96 g/mL or .96 g/cm³

Since oil is less dense than water, it floats on water.

Unknown Bar

Mass Length in cm

Width in cm

Height in cm

Volume in cm3

Density

g/cm3

19.4 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm

56.16 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm

60.48 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm

64.5 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm

Density of Metal Bars

Unknown Bar

Mass Length in cm

Width in cm

Height in cm

Volume in cm3

Density

g/cm3

Aluminum 19.4 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm 7.2 cm3 2.7 g/cm3

Steel 56.16 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm 7.2 cm3 7.8 g/cm3

Brass 60.48 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm 7.2 cm3 8.4 g/cm3

Copper 64.5 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm 7.2 cm3 8.96 g/cm3

Density of Metal Bars

Measurement Quiz Review

The measure of how much matter an object contains.

Mass

A measure of the force of gravity on an object.

Weight

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Matter

Relates the mass and volume of an object or material.

Density

The amount of space matter occupies.

Volume

A single pan balance with 3 beams calibrated in grams. Used to measure the mass of an object.

Triple Beam Balance

A wide, cylindrical glass container with a pouring lip, used for holding and mixing liquids in laboratories. Not used for exact measurements.

Beaker

A thin, cylindrical container that is scaled, usually in milliliters. Used in a laboratory to measure and pour exact amounts of a liquid.

Graduated Cylinder

What is the measurement on the balance?

regentsprep.org

What is the measurement on the balance? 373.4 grams

regentsprep.org

What is the volume of the liquid:

aai.org

The volume of the liquid is:

aai.org

6.6 ml

What is the equation for density?

D=M/VOr

Density equals mass divided by volume.

What is the equation for calculating the volume of a rectangular object?

Volume = Length x Width x Height

Or

V = L x W x H

What is the length of the screw in centimeters?

5.1 centimeters

How many centimeters are in one meter?

100 centimeters

What is the volume of the object in the graduated cylinder?

In the first graduated cylinder the volume of the water is 20 mL.

In the second graduated cylinder a rock was added and the water level rose to 23 mL.

What is the volume of the object in the graduated cylinder?

23 mL – 20 mL = 3 mL

3mL = 3 cm3

What is the volume of the box?

37.5 cm3

What is the density of the box?

2 g/cm3

75 grams