measuring greenhouse gas emissions 1 measuring ghg emissions energizing cleaner production...
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Measuring GHG Measuring GHG EmissionsEmissions
Energizing Cleaner ProductionEnergizing Cleaner Production
Management Course Management Course
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Session Agenda:Session Agenda:
GHG types and sources
GHG Indicator to calculate emissions
GHG accounting and reporting
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• task 1a: Meeting with top management• task 1b: Form a Team and inform staff• task 1c: Pre-assessment to collect general information• task 1d: Select focus areas• task 1e: Prepare assessment proposal for top management approval
Step 1: Planning and Organization
• task 2a: Staff meeting and training• task 2b: Prepare focus area flow charts• task 2c: Walkthrough of focus areas• task 2d: Quantify inputs and outputs and costs to establish a baseline• task 2e: Quantify losses through a material and energy balance
Step 2: Assessment
• task 3a: Determine causes of losses• task 3b: Identify possible options• task 3c: Screen options for feasibility analysis
Step 3: Identification of Options
• task 4a: Technical, economic and environmental evaluation of options• task 4b: Rank feasible options for implementation• task 4c: Prepare implementation and monitoring proposal for top
management approval
• task 5a: Implement options and monitor results• task 5b: Evaluation meeting with top management
Step 5: Implementation and Monitoring of Options
• task 6a: Prepare proposal to continue with energy efficiency for top management approval
Step 6: Continuous Improvement
Step 4: Feasibility Analysis of Options
• task 1a: Meeting with top management• task 1b: Form a Team and inform staff• task 1c: Pre-assessment to collect general information• task 1d: Select focus areas• task 1e: Prepare assessment proposal for top management approval
Step 1: Planning and Organization
• task 2a: Staff meeting and training• task 2b: Prepare focus area flow charts• task 2c: Walkthrough of focus areas• task 2d: Quantify inputs and outputs and costs to establish a baseline• task 2e: Quantify losses through a material and energy balance
Step 2: Assessment
• task 3a: Determine causes of losses• task 3b: Identify possible options• task 3c: Screen options for feasibility analysis
Step 3: Identification of Options
• task 4a: Technical, economic and environmental evaluation of options• task 4b: Rank feasible options for implementation• task 4c: Prepare implementation and monitoring proposal for top
management approval
• task 5a: Implement options and monitor results• task 5b: Evaluation meeting with top management
Step 5: Implementation and Monitoring of Options
• task 6a: Prepare proposal to continue with energy efficiency for top management approval
Step 6: Continuous Improvement
Step 4: Feasibility Analysis of Options
But first…But first…In what step(s) In what step(s) of the of the methodology methodology is (energy is (energy and) GHG and) GHG measurement measurement relevant?relevant?
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GHG types and sources:GHG types and sources:
Greenhouse GasesGreenhouse Gases
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GHG types and sources:GHG types and sources:
GHG sourcesGHG sources
• Industrial sources– Fuel use
– Electricity use
– Industrial processes
– Transport
• Non-industry and natural sources– Volcanoes
– Cattle
– Forest fires
– Others
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Sources of GHG: industrial processesSources of GHG: industrial processes
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GHG IndicatorGHG Indicator
• Based on UNEP/IPCC methodology for
GHG emission calculations
• Provides common method for reporting
GHG emissions
• Used by organizations to calculate GHG
emissions from energy use and other
sources
• Used by Governments to translate
national GHG targets (e.g. Kyoto
Protocol) to industrial targets
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GHG Indicator:GHG Indicator: MethodologyMethodology
2. Electricity use
1. Fuel use
4. Transport
3. Industrial processes
Raw data Conversion Aggregation Normalisation
GHG emission factor
TotalGHG
emissions
Normalised GHG
emissions
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GHG Indicator:GHG Indicator: 1. Fuel Use1. Fuel Use
Fuel Annual Fuel Consumption (Tons)
Emission Factor t CO2
t CO2-
equivalent
Coal 500 X 1.85 = 925
Refinery stock
3502 X 3.25 = 11382
Petroleum coke
45 X 3.09 = 139
TOTAL 4047 12446
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GHG Indicator:GHG Indicator: 2. Electricity Use2. Electricity Use
Exported electricity is not included in
the total
Electricity Annual electricity consumption (kWh)
Emission Factor t CO2
t CO2
equivalent
Imported 1,000,000 X 0.000618 = 61.80
Exported 100,000 X 0.000618 = 6.18
TOTAL 900,000 55.62
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GHG Indicator:GHG Indicator: 3. Industrial Processes3. Industrial Processes
CO2 is released when lime is burned
Emission source
Annual consumption (tonnes)
Emission Factor t CO2
t CO2
equivalent
CFC 11 0.1 X 3400 = 340
Lime 10,000 X 0.396 = 3960
TOTAL 4300
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GHG Indicator:GHG Indicator: 4. Transport4. Transport
Transport mode
Annual travel (km)
EF tCO2 / km
t CO2
equivalent
Car
Petrol
20,000 0.00019 = 3.8
Car
Diesel
100,000 0.00016 = 16
Train 150,000 0.00034 = 51
TOTAL 270,000 70.8
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GHG Indicator:GHG Indicator: AggregationAggregation
Source t CO2
equivalent
1 Fuel use 12446
2 Electricity use 55.62
3 Industrial process 4300
4 Transport 70.8
TOTAL 16872
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GHG Indicator:GHG Indicator:
NormalisationNormalisation
Normalising factor
Annual figures
t CO2 Normalised t CO2
Turnover $ 20,000,000 16872 0.000844
Added value $ 500,000 16872
0.033744
Employees 500 16872 33.744
Units of production
1,350,000 tonnes
16872 0.012498
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GHG Indicator:GHG Indicator:
ReportingReporting
Year Total t CO2
Production (tonnes)
Normalised t CO2
1990 16872 1,350,000 0.012498
1991 18823 1,500,000 0.012549
….
2002 24267 2,000,000 0.012134
43.8% 2.9%
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GHG Indicator:GHG Indicator:
GHG Indicators by sectorGHG Indicators by sector
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GHG Indicator QuizGHG Indicator Quiz
Let’s test what you have learnt!
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GHG Accounting and ReportingGHG Accounting and Reporting
Reasons for GHG accounting and reporting
• Internal reporting to measure progress against targets & identify EE opportunities• Legal requirement to report• Voluntary reporting under programs• Public environmental / CSR reports• Emissions trading schemes• CDM or JI• Other…
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GHG Accounting and ReportingGHG Accounting and Reporting
The GHG Protocol lists 5 accounting & reporting principles:
• Relevance
• Completeness
• Consistency
• Transparency
• Accuracy
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:GHG Accounting and Reporting:
RelevanceRelevance
Define boundaries:• Organizational structures• Operational boundaries• Business context• Specific inclusions / exclusions
A multinational operates a plant but owns only 60% of sharesDo you count 100% or 60% of emissions?
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:GHG Accounting and Reporting:
CompletenessCompleteness
Include all GHG sources & activities• Fuel use• Electricity use• Industrial processes• Transport
Sometimes companies do not include all emission sources / activitiesCan you think of reasons why?
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• #
GHG Accounting and Reporting:GHG Accounting and Reporting:
Completeness Completeness (cont.)(cont.)
Direct and Indirect Emissions of a CompanySource: GHG Protocol, www.ghgprotocol.org, adapted from NZBSCD
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:GHG Accounting and Reporting:
ConsistencyConsistency
Meaningful comparison of emissions over time
• Production changes• Process changes• Acquisitions, mergers, sales• Outsourcing
Why is it important that GHG emissions be compared between different years?
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:GHG Accounting and Reporting:
TransparencyTransparency
It is clear how emissions were calculated (“audit trail”)
• Measurements• Assumptions• Calculation methods• References• Exclusions or inclusions
Who makes use of the “audit trail” of data?
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:GHG Accounting and Reporting:
Transparency Transparency (cont.)(cont.)
320 Reporting Units:• Complete standard pro-forma spreadsheet every
quarter: emissions & forecasts• Account for variances• Use BP’s GHG Reporting Guidelines
Corporate Team• Check quality of incoming data• Compile data• Analyze emission inventory and forecast against BP’s
GHG target
Independent External Auditors• Review of inventory• Provide assurance on data quality & accuracy
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GHG Accounting and Reporting:GHG Accounting and Reporting:
AccuracyAccuracy
Data must be “materially” accurate• Measurement methods• Calculation methods• Aggregation and reporting
What can a company do to improve data accuracy?
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Minimum information to be reported
• Company and inventory boundary– Organizational boundaries– Operational boundaries– Reporting period
GHG Accounting and Reporting:GHG Accounting and Reporting:Reporting EmissionsReporting Emissions
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Minimum information to be reported• Information on emissions
– Direct (scope 1) and indirect (scope 2) emissions – total and separate
– Emissions for 6 GHGs– Current and base year emissions– Significant changes since base year– Direct CO2 emissions from biologically
sequestered carbon– Methodologies for calculation/
measurement– Specific exclusions
GHG Accounting and Reporting:GHG Accounting and Reporting:Reporting Emissions Reporting Emissions (cont.)(cont.)
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• Verification is objective assessment of– Accuracy and completeness of GHG
information
– Conformity to GHG accounting and reporting principles
• Why verification?– Increased credibility of reported emissions
– Increased senior management confidence
– Improved accounting & reporting
– Preparation for mandatory verification requirements
GHG Accounting and Reporting:GHG Accounting and Reporting:Verification of GHG EmissionsVerification of GHG Emissions
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• GHG emission accounting and reporting increasingly important
• GHG Indicator useful tool to calculate GHG emissions
• Don’t assume data company gives you are accurate and complete!! (think of the 5 principles)
• Verification improves the credibility / reliability of GHG data
SummarySummary
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Measuring GHG Measuring GHG EmissionsEmissions
Thank you for your attention! Thank you for your attention!
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• This training session was prepared as part of the development and delivery of the course “Energizing Cleaner Production” funded by InWent, Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung (Capacity Building International, Germany) and carried out by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
• The session is based on UNEP’s “The GHG Indicator” (www.uneptie.org/energy/tools/ghgin/index.htm) and the WBCSD/WRI’s “The GHG Protocol - A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, revised edition” (www.ghgprotocol.org)
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements