PRESENTED BY:

IQRA MUSTAFAROLL NO. 04

SADAF SAHAR

ROLL NO. 10

SAMRA REHMAN

ROLL NO. 38

“Talent wins games,

but teamwork

and intelligence

wins champions”

The direct measurement approach to assess

ing team cohesion is direct in the sense that

players are asked to indicate how much

they like playing for the team(individual attractio

n) and how well they feel the team functions as

a unit (group integration).

Direct Measurement

The indirect measurement approach to assessing team cohesi

on tries to get at team cohesion.

By asking each team member how they feel about every

other member, on some basic question e.g., How much do you like

the different members of your team?

Research using the indirect approach has generally failed to

find a meaningful relationship between team cohesion and team or

individual behavior.

The indirect approach to measuring team cohesion is

very rare in sport psychology research today.

In Direct Measurement

Model Of Cohesion

Cohesion

AttractionTask Social

IntegrationTask Social

Athletes are attracted to the sport for social purposes and to make progress (task)

Only in the team they must interact with others (social) and try to achieve their goals.

Attraction –what gets you to

the group Integration –

How the group “get” Task Cohesion –

Achievement Social Cohesion –

How group members get on

Low Interaction

Less Good Performance

Good Performance

High Interaction

Good Performance

Less Good Performance

Socializing together to get to know & respect one another.

Having a common goal to achieve together that people buy into & invest in

emotionally.

Creating dependencies on each other so that no player feels or acts in

isolation.

Generating pride & belief in a project shared with all team members.

Constantly striving to analyze & improve on performance, pushing the

boundaries of what can be achieved together.

Team Cohesion

Team cohesion is used to promote the “team” concept are

paramount in being successful as individuals and as a team. Athlete can

maximize team and individual athletic performance, and by doing so can

promote team cohesion, overall team climate and even goal setting.

Measurement Of Team Cohesion

A number of inventories have been developed for measuring

team cohesion in sport.

• Sports cohesiveness questionnaire (SCQ; martens & peterson, 1971)

Team cohesion questionnaire (TCQ; gruber & grey, 1981)

• Sport cohesion instrument (SCI; yukelson, wienberg and jackson, 1984)

• Group environment questionnaire (GEQ; widmeyer, brawley & carron, 1985)

• Team psychology questionnaire (TPQ; partington and shangi, 1992)

GEQ has been sport psychologists‘ primary inventory of choice over the

last fifteen years.

The GEQ has continued to be used extensively by researchers

and practitioners the GEQ is composed of eighteen items that measure the four

team cohesion dimensions.

Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ)

The four team cohesion dimensions measured by GEQ are:

1. Personal Factors2. Team Factors3. Leadership Factors4. Environmental Factors

Sport Cohesiveness QuestionnaireA popular sport-related test of team cohesion composed of

seven questions. Two questions ask team members to assess other members of

the team relative to feelings of friendship and team influence; three questions

ask the athlete to assess his or her relationship to the team in terms of a sense

of belonging, value of membership and enjoyment and the remaining two

questions ask the athlete to evaluate the team as a whole in terms of teamwork

and closeness.

The findings of some studies indicate a strong association between

cohesion and sport performance, and between cohesion and satisfaction.

Sport cohesion instrument multidimensional questionnaire,

which measures four dimensions of team cohesion:

Attraction to the group

Sense of purpose

Quality of teamwork

Valued roles

It was originally designed for basketball, but its versatility has

allowed it to be used for other team sports. See also sport cohesiveness

questionnaire.

Group Environment Questionnaire

A multidimensional questionnaire

which directly measures team cohesion in terms of

individual attraction and group integration.

Sport Psychology/Imagery Questionnaire

A questionnaire that measures athletes’ abilities to experience

different senses, emotions, and perspectives during imagery. The SIQ

refers to four experiences common in sport:

Practicing alone

Practicing with others

Watching a team mate

Playing in a contest

After spending a minute imaging scenes, including each of these

experiences separately

Ratings are made on a five-point likert scale from ‘no image

present’ to ‘extremely clear and vivid image’ for three sense modalities

(hearing, vision, and kinaesthesis). Some variations of the SIQ include

ratings on a five-point likert scale for controllability of the image (e.G.

From ‘no control at all of image’, to ‘complete control of image'). SIQ is

used widely in applied sport psychology, but its validity and reliability

have not been established

References

Cox,h. Richard. (2002). Sport psychology: concepts and applications. (Fifth ed

ition). New york:

Mcgraw-hill companies lavallec. D., Kremer, J., Moran, A., & Williams. M.

(2004) sports psychology: contemporary themes. New

york: palgrave macmillan publishers

Http://oxfordindex.Oup.Com/view/10.1093/oi/authorit

Http://www.Thesportinmind.Com/articles/team

Http://www.Sportpsychologytoday.Com/sport

Thank You For Listening

Patiently