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MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF A GLACIER USING AN UNMANNED AERIAL

VECHILE(UAV)

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Group Members:Aashutosh BhandariBiplov BhandariNiroj PantaUpendra OliUttam Pudasaini

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o Glaciers are large sheets of snow and ice that are found on land all year long and those move under their own gravity.

o Various causes to Glacier melting are:• Global Warming – Rise of Temperature.

• Dust and Debris Coverage.

• Movement of Tectonic Plates.

o Warmer temperatures cause glaciers to melt faster than they can accumulate new snow.

Glacier Melting

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o If temperatures keep rising, glaciers will continue melting, and some could disappear completely.

o As glaciers and the giant ice sheets melts, they add more water into the river, which ultimately causes sea level to rise.

WHY DOES IT MATTERS?

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o UAVs are new photogrammetric measurement tool which are evolving as low-cost alternatives to the classical manned aerial photogrammetry and high cost Satellite Imagery.

o Thanks to GPS technology, these UAVs can be programmed to make very detailed flight patterns that can be flown automatically and in very extreme weather conditions. Also INS help fix the exterior parameter.

UAV ( Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)

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Precision farming using UAV data3D model of an area using UAV

Monitoring atmospheric pollution using UAV

GROWING USE OF UAV

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Rationale Field measurements are sparse or infrequent and subject to

disagreeable conditions or danger in many environments especially in case of such higher altitudes and other inaccessible areas.

Growing use of UAV for geospatial purpose Disaster Site Monitoring & Mapping Climate Monitoring Forestry Management & Forest Fire Operations Support Monitoring and the effects of poaching and habitat destruction. Perimeter Surveillance Traffic Accident Analysis Fire Scene Inspection (Pre / During / Post) and many more Protection of Archeological Site.

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Real-time capability and the ability for fast and low cast data acquisition while transmitting the image, video

and orientation data in real time to the ground control station makes them

more popular.

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Objectives The major objective of this project is to introduce the use of UAV in

Geospatial work in Nepal and measuring the spatial pattern of temperature was a topic of our interest

Sub –Objectives To understand the variation of temperature comparing the present

data with past ones This result can suggest us at what rate the climate change has

impact on temperature of some particular Glacier

To implement UAV as a data collecting instrument carrier for conducting mini projects

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Methodologies

1.Instrumentation Purchase/Manage a UAV with appropriate battery ,payload to

carry sensors and camera and other good hardwares. Type and size of appropriate thermal sensors that can record

the surface temperature Calibration of Instruments.

2.Flight planning Distribution pattern of Ground Control Points (GCP) Size of photograph and the area to be photographed No of flight sessions Interval between the exposure Ground sampling distance (GSD) and scale of Map

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3.Field works Conducting the flight over the area Recording the temperature from the ground stations as

well This data can be compared later with the information obtained

from UAV during work validation

4.Data Processing and Documentation Obtain past data from concerned authorities and study the

pattern To validate the data collected using UAV with the information

given by ground stations

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Work Area

Lirung Glacier, Nepal4th largest Debris covered Glacier, Location: 28015’ N,85032’ ELies in Langtang National Park, Rasuwa District

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Cost estimation

Purchase instruments like

UAV platform that can fly with a sensor load range of 500gms to 1000gms

Flight Control System: GPS + INS ( Inertial Navigation System) for

accurate positioning of Camera center for image calibration/ georeferencing

Camera mount: With automatic tilting system so that camera can be focused to a particular direction; Nadir for example

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Ready To Fly (RTF): for manual control and flight. RF signal depending on project area

Wind resistance: If yes, it would be better for stability

Way point Navigation System for Autonomous flight

Flight time: Depending on project area, 20+ minutes. This depends on payload and battery type

Battery type and rating: LIPO ( lithium polymer battery) eg. 3S 4250mAh / 4S 4250mAh / 4S 100000mAh i.e Battery with higher mAh has longer flight time.

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Conclusion

Traditionally such projects presuppose aerial photography, LIDAR and remote sensing techniques from large manned aircrafts and satellites, which was not economically justified

This project is an attempt in NEPAL to introduce the use of UAV as a data acquisition platform to monitor an effect of climate change i.e. rise of temperature

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THANK YOU

Use of UAV systems as photogrammetric data acquisition platforms